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Page last updated
Thu 21 Mar 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae

tribe QUADRULINI Ihering, 1901: cladomics
     1 subtribe, 5 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 47
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 6

analyzed in 176 cladograms in 108 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 22, mean = 2.73
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) in an analysis = 3, mean = 1.37

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 79
maximum number of included terminals = 22, mean = 4.86
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3, mean = 1.82
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.81

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 45
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (tribe).
maximum number of included terminals = 22, mean = 6.2
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3, mean = 2.38
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.73


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 3 5 4 4 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

                       +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
  +--------------------+                               
  |                    |  +----- Amblema_plicata       
  |                    +--+                            
  |                       |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium     
  |                       +--+                         
--+                          +-- Popenaias_popeii      
  |                                                    
  |  +-------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  |  |                                                 
  |  |                 +-------- Uniomerus_carolinianus **
  |  |  +--------------+                               
  +--+  |              |  +----- Uniomerus_columbensis ** 
     |  |              +--+                            
     |  |                 |  +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
     |  |                 +--+                         
     |  |                    +-- Uniomerus_declivis **    
     +--+                                              
        |              +-------- Theliderma_cylindrica ** 
        |  +-----------+                               
        |  |           |  +----- Theliderma_metanevra **  
        |  |           +--+                            
        |  |              |  +-- Theliderma_sparsa **     
        |  |              +--+                         
        +--+                 +-- Theliderma_johnsoni **   
           |                                           
           |  +----------------- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **
           |  |                                        
           |  |        +-------- Quadrula_nobilis **      
           |  |  +-----+                               
           +--+  |     |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
              |  |     +--+                            
              |  |        |  +-- Quadrula_fragosa **      
              |  |        +--+                         
              |  |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
              +--+                                     
                 |        +----- Pustulosa_nodulata **    
                 |  +-----+                            
                 |  |     |  +-- Pustulosa_necki **       
                 |  |     +--+                         
                 |  |        +-- Pustulosa_petrina **     
                 +--+                                  
                    |        +-- Pustulosa_kieneriana **  
                    |  +-----+                         
                    |  |     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
                    +--+                               
                       |  +----- Pustulosa_succissa **    
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **    
                          +--+                         
                             +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **   

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1, 3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 2 2 197 174 4 19.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                                               +-- Reginaia_ebenus          
  +--------------------------------------------+                            
  |                                            +-- Reginaia_rotulata        
  |                                                                         
  |                                            +-- Amblema_plicata          
  +--------------------------------------------+                            
  |                                            +-- Amblema_elliottii        
  |                                                                         
  |                                         +----- Popenaias_popeii         
  |                                         |                               
  |                                         |  +-- Dromus_dromas            
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana      
  |                                         |  |                            
  +-----------------------------------------+  +-- Glebula_rotundata        
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata          
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens      
  |                                         |  |                            
  |                                         |  +-- Lemiox_rimosus           
  |                                         +--+                            
  |                                            +-- Obliquaria_reflexa       
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Obovaria_olivaria        
  |                                            |                            
--+                                            +-- Obovaria_unicolor        
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus   
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Potamilus_alatus         
  |                                            |                            
  |                                            +-- Potamilus_capax          
  |                                                                         
  |                                            +-- Uniomerus_declivis **       
  |                                         +--+                            
  |                                         |  +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **    
  |                                         |                               
  |                                         |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **   
  |  +--------------------------------------+  |                            
  |  |                                      |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa[1] **   
  |  |                                      |  |                            
  |  |                                      |  +-- Theliderma_metanevra **     
  |  |                                      +--+                            
  |  |                                         +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa[2] **   
  |  |                                         |                            
  |  |                                         +-- Quadrula_quadrula **        
  |  |                                         |                            
  |  |                                         +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **       
  |  |                                                                      
  |  |  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus  
  +--+  |                                                                   
     |  |                                      +-- Elliptio_lanceolata      
     |  |  +-----------------------------------+                            
     |  |  |                                   +-- Parvaspina_collina       
     |  |  |                                                                
     |  |  |  +----------------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
     |  |  |  |                                                             
     |  |  |  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
     |  |  |  |                                                             
     |  |  |  +----------------------------------- Hemistena_lata           
     |  |  |  |                                                             
     |  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_complanata      
     +--+  |  |                                |                            
        |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis    
        |  |  |                                |                            
        |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta[1]     
        |  |  |                                |                            
        |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_shepardiana     
        |  |  |                                |                            
        |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_angustata       
        |  |  |                                |                            
        |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_arca            
        |  |  |                                |                            
        |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_arctata         
        |  |  |                                |                            
        +--+  |                                +-- Elliptio_jayensis        
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
           |  |                                |                            
           |  +--------------------------------+-- Elliptio_dariensis       
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_fisheriana      
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_folliculata     
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_fumata          
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_icterina        
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli      
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta[2]     
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_pullata         
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_purpurella      
           |  |                                |                            
           |  |                                +-- Elliptio_congaraea       
           |  |                                                             
           +--+                                +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
              |                                |                            
              |  +-----------------------------+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
              |  |                             |                            
              |  |                             +-- Pleuronaia_gibber        
              |  |                                                          
              |  |     +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum        
              |  |     |                                                    
              |  |     |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile       
              |  |     |  |                                                 
              |  |     |  |                 +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
              |  |  +--+  |              +--+                               
              |  |  |  |  |              |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] 
              |  |  |  |  |              |  +--+                            
              |  |  |  |  |  +-----------+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
              |  |  |  |  |  |           |                                  
              |  |  |  +--+  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
              |  |  |     |  |           |  |                               
              |  |  |     |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] 
              |  |  |     |  |              |  |                            
              |  |  |     |  |              +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]
              |  |  |     |  |                 |                            
              |  |  |     |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]
              |  |  |     |  |                                              
              |  |  |     +--+     +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum[2]
              |  |  |        |     |                                        
              |  |  |        |  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum[2] 
              |  |  |        |  |  |  |                                     
              |  |  |        |  |  +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
              |  |  |        |  |     |                                     
              |  |  |        |  |     |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum[1]
              |  |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
              |  |  |        |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_taitianum     
              |  |  |        |  |        +--+                               
              |  |  |        |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
              |  |  |        +--+           +--+                            
              |  |  |           |              +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum[1] 
              |  |  |           |                                           
              |  |  |           |           +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[6]   
              |  |  |           |           |                               
              |  |  |           |        +--+----- Pleurobema_clava[3]      
              |  |  |           |        |  |                               
              |  |  |           |        |  |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[5]   
              |  |  |           |        |  +--+                            
              |  |  |           +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_clava[2]      
              +--+  |                    |                                  
                 |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]   
                 |  |                    |  |                               
                 |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[3]   
                 |  |                    +--+                               
                 |  |                       +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[4]   
                 |  |                       |                               
                 |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_clava[1]      
                 |  |                       +--+                            
                 |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]   
                 |  |                                                       
                 |  |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum      
                 |  |  |                                                    
                 |  |  |                    +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
                 |  |  |  +-----------------+                               
                 |  +--+  |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cor            
                 |  |  |  |                 +--+                            
                 |  |  |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
                 |  |  |  |                                                 
                 |  |  |  |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis     
                 |  |  +--+  |                                              
                 |  |     |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
                 |  |     |  |  +--------------+                            
                 |  |     |  |  |              +-- Fusconaia_burkei         
                 |  |     |  |  |                                           
                 |  |     |  |  |           +----- Fusconaia_flava[27]      
                 |  |     |  |  |           |                               
                 |  |     +--+  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_iheringi       
                 |  |        |  |           +--+                            
                 |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli      
                 |  |        |  +-----------+                               
                 |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]      
                 |  |        |  |           |  |                            
                 |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[2]      
                 |  |        |  |           |  |                            
                 |  |        +--+           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[3]      
                 |  |           |           +--+                            
                 |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi[4]      
                 |  |           |              |                            
                 |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi[5]      
                 |  |           |              |                            
                 |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_chunii         
                 |  |           |                                           
                 +--+           |  +-------------- Fusconaia_masoni         
                    |           |  |                                        
                    |           |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava[26]      
                    |           |  |  |                                     
                    |           |  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cerina[8]      
                    |           +--+  |  +-----+                            
                    |              |  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava[25]      
                    |              |  |  |                                  
                    |              |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[5]       
                    |              |  |  |  |                               
                    |              |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[6]       
                    |              +--+  |  |                               
                    |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[7]       
                    |                 |  |  |                               
                    |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[8]       
                    |                 |  |  |                               
                    |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[4]      
                    |                 |  |  |                               
                    |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[9]       
                    |                 |  |  |                               
                    |                 +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava[10]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[11]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[12]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[13]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[14]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[15]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[16]      
                    |                    |  |                               
                    |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[17]      
                    |                    +--+                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[18]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[19]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[20]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[21]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[22]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[23]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[24]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[5]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[6]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[7]      
                    |                       |                               
                    |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]       
                    |                       |  |                            
                    |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[2]       
                    |                       |  |                            
                    |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]       
                    |                       |  |                            
                    |                       +--+-- Fusconaia_flava[4]       
                    |                          |                            
                    |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]      
                    |                          |                            
                    |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]      
                    |                          |                            
                    |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[3]      
                    |                                                       
                    |           +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii     
                    |           |                                           
                    |           |  +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[21]  
                    |           |  |                                        
                    |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[19]  
                    |           |  |  |                                     
                    |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[20]  
                    |           |  |  |                                     
                    +-----------+  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia[18]  
                                |  |  |     |                               
                                |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[19]    
                                |  |  |     |                               
                                |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[20]    
                                |  |  +-----+                               
                                |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[21]    
                                |  |  |     |                               
                                |  |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[17]    
                                +--+  |     |  |                            
                                   |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[16]  
                                   |  |     +--+                            
                                   |  |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[17]  
                                   |  |        |                            
                                   |  |        +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[18]    
                                   |  |                                     
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[4]            
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[5]            
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[1]   
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[8]            
                                   |  |  |                                  
                                   |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[9]            
                                   +--+  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema[10]           
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[3]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[4]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[5]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[6]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[7]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[8]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[9]   
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[10]  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[11]  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[12]  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[13]  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[14]  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[15]  
                                      |  |                                  
                                      +--+-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[4]     
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[5]     
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[6]     
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[7]     
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[8]     
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[9]     
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[10]    
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[11]    
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[12]    
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[13]    
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[14]    
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[15]    
                                         |                                  
                                         +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[16]    
                                         |                                  
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema[6]            
                                         +-----+                            
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]     
                                         |                                  
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[2]   
                                         +-----+                            
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]     
                                         |                                  
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema[7]            
                                         +-----+                            
                                         |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[3]     
                                         |                                  
                                         |  +----- Pleurobema[3]            
                                         +--+                               
                                            |  +-- Pleurobema[1]            
                                            +--+                            
                                               +-- Pleurobema[2]            

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 25 23 3 10 6 3 27.0
  +-------------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  |                                                       
  |                             +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
  |                       +-----+                         
  |                       |     +-- Pleurobema_riddellii  
  |                       |                               
--+  +--------------------+     +-- Lampsilis_ornata      
  |  |                    |  +--+                         
  |  |                    |  |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon    
  |  |                    +--+                            
  |  |                       |  +-- Amblema_elliottii     
  |  |                       +--+                         
  +--+                          +-- Amblema_plicata       
     |                                                    
     |  +-------------------------- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
     |  |                                                 
     |  |              +----------- Theliderma_cylindrica ** 
     |  |  +-----------+                                  
     |  |  |           |  +-------- Theliderma_sparsa **     
     +--+  |           +--+                               
        |  |              |  +----- Theliderma_intermedia ** 
        |  |              +--+                            
        |  |                 |  +-- Theliderma_metanevra **  
        |  |                 +--+                         
        +--+                    +-- Theliderma_johnsoni **   
           |                                              
           |                 +----- Quadrula_quadrula **     
           |  +--------------+                            
           |  |              |  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **      
           |  |              +--+                         
           |  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
           +--+                                           
              |  +----------------- Pustulosa_kieneriana **  
              |  |                                        
              |  |              +-- Pustulosa_infucata **    
              +--+  +-----------+                         
                 |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **   
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
                    |  +--------+                         
                    |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **    
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +-------- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **
                       +--+                               
                          |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **       
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **     
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 15 3 10 6 3 23.0
                                +-- Lampsilis_ornata      
  +-----------------------------+                         
  |                             +-- Potamilus_leptodon    
  |                                                       
  |                             +-- Pleurobema_riddellii  
--+  +--------------------------+                         
  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens   
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                       +----- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  +--+                       |                            
     |  +--------------------+  +-- Uniomerus_carolinianus **
     |  |                    |  |                         
     |  |                    +--+-- Uniomerus_declivis **    
     |  |                       |                         
     +--+                       +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
        |                                                 
        |  +----------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **     
        |  |                                              
        |  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
        +--+  +-----------------+                         
           |  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **      
           |  |                                           
           +--+                 +-- Theliderma_metanevra **  
              |  +--------------+                         
              |  |              +-- Theliderma_johnsoni **   
              |  |                                        
              +--+           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **  
                 |  +--------+                            
                 |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **    
                 |  |        +--+                         
                 +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **   
                    |                                     
                    |  +----------- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **
                    |  |                                  
                    +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
                       |  +-----+                         
                       |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **    
                       +--+                               
                          |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata **    
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Pustulosa_necki **       
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Pustulosa_petrina **     

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 3 10 6 3 22.0
                                +-- Amblema_elliottii     
                          +-----+                         
                          |     +-- Amblema_plicata       
                          |                               
  +-----------------------+     +-- Pleurobema_riddellii  
  |                       |  +--+                         
  |                       |  |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
  |                       +--+                            
  |                          |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata      
--+                          +--+                         
  |                             +-- Potamilus_leptodon    
  |                                                       
  |  +----------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  |  |                                                    
  +--+  +-------------------------- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
     |  |                                                 
     |  |                       +-- Theliderma_metanevra **  
     +--+  +--------------------+                         
        |  |                    +-- Theliderma_johnsoni **   
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **     
           |  |                                           
           |  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
           +--+  +--------------+                         
              |  |              +-- Quadrula_nobilis **      
              |  |                                        
              |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **  
              +--+  +--------+                            
                 |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **    
                 |  |        +--+                         
                 |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **   
                 +--+                                     
                    |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
                    |  +--------+                         
                    |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **    
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +-------- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **
                       +--+                               
                          |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **       
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **     
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **    

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 2 0 0 0 20.0
  +----------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **  
  |                                       
  |        +-------- Theliderma_cylindrica **
  +--------+                              
  |        |  +----- Theliderma_intermedia **
  |        +--+                           
  |           |  +-- Theliderma_metanevra ** 
--+           +--+                        
  |              +-- Theliderma_sparsa **    
  |                                       
  |        +-------- Quadrula_quadrula[1] ** 
  |  +-----+                              
  |  |     |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |  |     +--+                           
  |  |        |  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **     
  +--+        +--+                        
     |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula[2] ** 
     |                                    
     |  +----------- Pustulosa_kieneriana ** 
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata **   
        |  |                              
        +--+     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **  
           |  +--+                        
           |  |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **   
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **   
              +--+                        
                 +-- Pustulosa_petrina **    

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 11 2 15 15 3 17.0
                       +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
  +--------------------+                          
  |                    +-- Lampsilis_ornata       
  |                                               
  |  +-------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa     
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata        
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Reginaia_rotulata      
  |  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Potamilus_alatus       
  |  |                                            
  |  |                 +-- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
  |  +-----------------+                          
  |  |                 +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
  |  |                                            
  |  |              +----- Medionidus_conradicus  
  |  +--------------+                             
  |  |              |  +-- Dromus_dromas          
  +--+              +--+                          
     |                 +-- Cyprogenia_aberti      
     |                                            
     |           +-------- Hemistena_lata         
     +-----------+                                
     |           |  +----- Elliptio_complanata    
     |           +--+                             
     |              |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei       
     |              +--+                          
     |                 +-- Fusconaia_flava        
     |                                            
     |  +----------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **    
     |  |                                         
     |  |        +-------- Theliderma_cylindrica **  
     |  |  +-----+                                
     +--+  |     |  +----- Theliderma_intermedia **  
        |  |     +--+                             
        |  |        |  +-- Theliderma_sparsa **      
        |  |        +--+                          
        |  |           +-- Theliderma_metanevra **   
        +--+                                      
           |        +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
           |  +-----+                             
           |  |     |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
           |  |     +--+                          
           |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **       
           +--+                                   
              |  +-------- Pustulosa_kieneriana **   
              |  |                                
              |  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata **     
              +--+                                
                 |     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **    
                 |  +--+                          
                 |  |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **     
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **     
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Pustulosa_petrina **      

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 15 15 3 22.0
                          +----- Reginaia_rotulata      
  +-----------------------+                             
  |                       |  +-- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
  |                       +--+                          
  |                          +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
  |                                                     
--+                    +-------- Hemistena_lata         
  |  +-----------------+                                
  |  |                 |  +----- Elliptio_complanata    
  |  |                 +--+                             
  |  |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei       
  |  |                    +--+                          
  +--+                       +-- Fusconaia_flava        
     |                                                  
     |  +----------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **    
     |  |                                               
     |  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
     +--+  +-----------------+                          
        |  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **       
        |  |                                            
        +--+  +----------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
           |  |                                         
           |  |        +-------- Theliderma_cylindrica **  
           +--+  +-----+                                
              |  |     |  +----- Theliderma_sparsa **      
              |  |     +--+                             
              |  |        |  +-- Theliderma_intermedia **  
              +--+        +--+                          
                 |           +-- Theliderma_metanevra **   
                 |                                      
                 |  +----------- Pustulosa_kieneriana **   
                 |  |                                   
                 +--+  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata **     
                    |  |                                
                    +--+     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **     
                       |  +--+                          
                       |  |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **    
                       +--+                             
                          |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **     
                          +--+                          
                             +-- Pustulosa_petrina **      

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 3 2 2 2 20.0
  +-------------------------------- Amblema_plicata       
  |                                                       
--+  +----------------------------- Elliptio_crassidens   
  |  |                                                    
  +--+  +-------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +----------------------- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +-------------------- Theliderma_metanevra **  
           |  |                                           
           |  |                 +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
           +--+  +--------------+                         
              |  |              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **    
              |  |                                        
              |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **  
              +--+  +--------+                            
                 |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **    
                 |  |        +--+                         
                 |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **   
                 +--+                                     
                    |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
                    |  +--------+                         
                    |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **    
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +-------- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **
                       +--+                               
                          |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **       
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **    
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Pustulosa_petrina **     

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 3 106 94 4 20.0
                                            +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **           
                                +-----------+                                 
                                |           +-- Uniomerus_declivis **            
                                |                                             
  +-----------------------------+  +----------- Theliderma_metanevra **          
  |                             |  |                                          
  |                             |  |     +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **            
  |                             +--+  +--+                                    
  |                                |  |  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **             
  |                                |  |  +--+                                 
  |                                |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis **              
  |                                +--+                                       
  |                                   |  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **          
  |                                   |  |                                    
  |                                   |  |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **        
  |                                   +--+--+                                 
  |                                      |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **            
  |                                      |                                    
  |                                      |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **            
  |                                      +--+                                 
  |                                         +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **           
  |                                                                           
  |        +----------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus       
  |        |                                                                  
  |        |  +-------------------------------- Hemistena_lata                
  |        |  |                                                               
  |  +-----+  |                          +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus           
  |  |     |  |  +-----------------------+                                    
  |  |     |  |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca                 
  |  |     |  |  |                       +--+                                 
  |  |     |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens           
  |  |     +--+  |                                                            
  |  |        |  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata              
  |  |        |  |  +-----------------------+                                 
  |  |        |  |  |                       +-- Parvaspina_collina            
--+  |        |  |  |                                                         
  |  |        |  |  |                    +----- Pleuronaia_gibber             
  |  |        |  |  +--------------------+                                    
  |  |        |  |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana         
  |  |        +--+  |                    +--+                                 
  |  |           |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides      
  |  |           |  |                                                         
  |  |           |  |              +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda          
  |  |           |  |              |                                          
  |  |           |  |              |        +-- Fusconaia_cor                 
  |  |           |  +--------------+  +-----+                                 
  |  |           |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus            
  |  |           |  |              |  |                                       
  |  |           |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]           
  |  |           |  |              +--+     |                                 
  |  |           |  |                 |  +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]           
  |  |           +--+                 |  |  |                                 
  |  |              |                 |  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava               
  |  |              |                 +--+                                    
  |  |              |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]           
  |  |              |                    |  |                                 
  |  |              |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]           
  |  |              |                    +--+                                 
  |  |              |                       +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]           
  |  |              |                       |                                 
  |  |              |                       +-- Fusconaia_escambia            
  |  |              |                                                         
  |  |              |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]          
  |  |              |                    +--+                                 
  |  |              |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum           
  |  |              |  +-----------------+                                    
  |  |              |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]          
  +--+              |  |                 +--+                                 
     |              |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia           
     |              +--+                                                      
     |                 |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme          
     |                 |  |                                                   
     |                 |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2]      
     |                 |  |                 |                                 
     |                 +--+  +--------------+-- Pleurobema_georgianum[3]      
     |                    |  |              |                                 
     |                    |  |              +-- Pleurobema_athearni           
     |                    |  |                                                
     |                    |  |           +----- Pleurobema_decisum            
     |                    +--+           |                                    
     |                       |  +--------+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]     
     |                       |  |        |  |                                 
     |                       |  |        +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]     
     |                       |  |           |                                 
     |                       |  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1]      
     |                       +--+                                             
     |                          |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]        
     |                          |           |                                 
     |                          |  +--------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]        
     |                          |  |        |                                 
     |                          +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava              
     |                             |                                          
     |                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum         
     |                             +--+                                       
     |                                |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum           
     |                                +--+                                    
     |                                   |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum          
     |                                   +--+                                 
     |                                      +-- Pleurobema_taitianum          
     |                                                                        
     |                                   +----- Plectomerus_dombeyanus        
     |  +--------------------------------+                                    
     |  |                                |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus               
     |  |                                +--+                                 
     |  |                                   +-- Reginaia_rotulata             
     |  |                                                                     
     |  |                                +----- Popenaias_popeii              
     |  |  +-----------------------------+                                    
     |  |  |                             |  +-- Amblema_elliottii             
     +--+  |                             +--+                                 
        |  |                                +-- Amblema_plicata               
        |  |                                                                  
        |  |                                +-- Toxolasma_parvum              
        |  |                          +-----+                                 
        |  |                          |     +-- Toxolasma_texasiense          
        |  |  +-----------------------+                                       
        |  |  |                       |  +----- Obliquaria_reflexa            
        +--+  |                       +--+                                    
           |  |                          |  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis       
           |  |                          +--+                                 
           |  |                             +-- Glebula_rotundata             
           |  |                                                               
           |  |                             +-- Potamilus_fragilis            
           |  |                          +--+                                 
           |  |                          |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon            
           |  |              +-----------+                                    
           |  |              |           |  +-- Potamilus_alatus              
           |  |              |           +--+                                 
           +--+              |              +-- Potamilus_purpuratus          
              |              |                                                
              |  +-----------+              +-- Sagittunio_nasutus            
              |  |           |           +--+                                 
              |  |           |           |  +-- Medionidus_conradicus         
              |  |           |  +--------+                                    
              |  |           |  |        |  +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris    
              |  |           |  |        +--+                                 
              |  |           +--+           +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[2]
              |  |              |                                             
              |  |              |  +----------- Medionidus_acutissimus        
              |  |              +--+                                          
              |  |                 |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus                
              |  |                 +--+                                       
              +--+                    |  +----- Dromus_dromas                 
                 |                    +--+                                    
                 |                       |  +-- Cyprogenia_aberti             
                 |                       +--+                                 
                 |                          +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria           
                 |                                                            
                 |                          +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata          
                 |  +-----------------------+                                 
                 |  |                       +-- Truncilla_truncata            
                 |  |                                                         
                 |  |  +----------------------- Villosa_villosa               
                 |  |  |                                                      
                 |  |  |                    +-- Obovaria_olivaria             
                 +--+  |     +--------------+                                 
                    |  |     |              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[1]
                    |  |     |                                                
                    |  |  +--+           +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
                    |  |  |  |  +--------+                                    
                    |  |  |  |  |        |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
                    +--+  |  |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |  +--+           +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
                       |  |     |                                             
                       |  |     |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens          
                       |  |     +--+                                          
                       |  |        |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra          
                       |  |        +--+                                       
                       |  |           |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri[2]         
                       |  |           +--+                                    
                       |  |              |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis       
                       +--+              +--+                                 
                          |                 +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[1]         
                          |                                                   
                          |                 +-- Ligumia_recta                 
                          |        +--------+                                 
                          |        |        +-- Cambarunio_iris               
                          |     +--+                                          
                          |     |  |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres               
                          |     |  +--+                                       
                          |     |     |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                          |     |     +--+                                    
                          |     |        |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                          |     |        +--+                                 
                          |     |           +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis          
                          +-----+                                             
                                |           +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
                                |        +--+                                 
                                |        |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
                                |  +-----+                                    
                                |  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
                                |  |     +--+                                 
                                |  |        +-- Lampsilis_ornata              
                                |  |                                          
                                +--+     +----- Hamiota_australis[2]          
                                   |  +--+                                    
                                   |  |  |  +-- Hamiota_australis[1]          
                                   |  |  +--+                                 
                                   |  |     +-- Hamiota_subangulata           
                                   +--+                                       
                                      |  +----- Hamiota_altilis[2]            
                                      |  |                                    
                                      |  |  +-- Hamiota_altilis[1]            
                                      +--+--+                                 
                                         |  +-- Hamiota_perovalis[1]          
                                         |                                    
                                         |  +-- Hamiota_altilis[3]            
                                         +--+                                 
                                            +-- Hamiota_perovalis[2]          

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 3 104 92 4 20.0
                    +-------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **           
                    |                                                   
  +-----------------+  +----------------- Uniomerus_declivis **            
  |                 |  |                                                
  |                 +--+  +-------------- Theliderma_metanevra **          
  |                    |  |                                             
  |                    +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **             
  |                       |  |                                          
  |                       |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **              
  |                       +--+  +-----+                                 
  |                          |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **            
  |                          |  |                                       
  |                          +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **          
  |                             |  |                                    
  |                             |  |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **        
  |                             +--+--+                                 
  |                                |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **            
  |                                |                                    
  |                                |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **            
  |                                +--+                                 
  |                                   +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **           
  |                                                                     
  |     +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus       
  |     |                                                               
  |     |  +----------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus           
  |     |  |                                                            
  |     |  +----------------------------- Parvaspina_collina            
  |  +--+  |                                                            
  |  |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_arca                 
  |  |  |  +--------------------------+                                 
  |  |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens           
  |  |  |  |                                                            
  |  |  |  |  +-------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata              
  |  |  +--+  |                                                         
--+  |     |  +-------------------------- Hemistena_lata                
  |  |     |  |                                                         
  |  |     |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]          
  |  |     |  |                    +--+                                 
  |  |     |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia           
  |  |     |  |  +-----------------+                                    
  |  |     |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]          
  |  |     |  |  |                 +--+                                 
  |  |     +--+  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum           
  |  |        |  |                                                      
  |  |        |  |        +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda          
  |  |        |  |        |                                             
  |  |        |  |        |           +-- Fusconaia_cor                 
  |  |        |  +--------+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus            
  |  |        |  |        |  |                                          
  |  |        |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina              
  |  |        |  |           |  +-----+                                 
  |  |        |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava               
  |  |        +--+           +--+                                       
  |  |           |              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]           
  |  |           |              +--+                                    
  |  |           |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_escambia            
  |  |           |                 +--+                                 
  |  |           |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]           
  |  |           |                                                      
  |  |           |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber             
  |  |           |  +--------------+                                    
  |  |           |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana         
  |  |           |  |              +--+                                 
  |  |           |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides      
  |  |           |  |                                                   
  |  |           |  |           +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum           
  +--+           +--+  +--------+                                       
     |              |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum         
     |              |  |        +--+                                    
     |              |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum          
     |              |  |           +--+                                 
     |              |  |              +-- Pleurobema_taitianum          
     |              +--+                                                
     |                 |              +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]        
     |                 |              |                                 
     |                 |  +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]        
     |                 |  |           |                                 
     |                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava              
     |                 +--+                                             
     |                    |  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme          
     |                    |  |                                          
     |                    +--+        +-- Pleurobema_athearni           
     |                       |  +-----+                                 
     |                       |  |     +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2]      
     |                       +--+                                       
     |                          |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum            
     |                          |  |                                    
     |                          +--+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]     
     |                             |  |                                 
     |                             +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]     
     |                                |                                 
     |                                +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1]      
     |                                                                  
     |                          +-------- Popenaias_popeii              
     |                          |                                       
     |           +--------------+     +-- Amblema_elliottii             
     |           |              |  +--+                                 
     |           |              |  |  +-- Amblema_plicata               
     |           |              +--+                                    
     |           |                 |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus               
     |           |                 |  |                                 
     |           |                 +--+-- Reginaia_rotulata[1]          
     |           |                    |                                 
     |           |                    +-- Reginaia_rotulata[2]          
     |           |                                                      
     |           |                 +----- Plectomerus_dombeyanus        
     |           |  +--------------+                                    
     +-----------+  |              |  +-- Toxolasma_parvum              
                 |  |              +--+                                 
                 |  |                 +-- Toxolasma_texasiense          
                 |  |                                                   
                 |  |              +----- Obliquaria_reflexa            
                 |  |  +-----------+                                    
                 |  |  |           |  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis       
                 |  |  |           +--+                                 
                 |  |  |              +-- Glebula_rotundata             
                 |  |  |                                                
                 |  |  |  +-------------- Sagittunio_nasutus            
                 |  |  |  |                                             
                 +--+  |  +-------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis          
                    |  |  |                                             
                    |  |  |           +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata          
                    |  |  +-----------+                                 
                    |  |  |           +-- Truncilla_truncata            
                    |  |  |                                             
                    |  |  |        +----- Lampsilis_teres               
                    |  |  +--------+                                    
                    |  |  |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                    |  |  |        +--+                                 
                    |  |  |           +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                    |  |  |                                             
                    |  |  |        +----- Villosa_villosa               
                    |  |  +--------+                                    
                    +--+  |        |  +-- Ligumia_recta                 
                       |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |           +-- Cambarunio_iris               
                       |  |                                             
                       |  |     +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
                       |  +-----+                                       
                       |  |     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
                       |  |     +--+                                    
                       |  |        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
                       |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |           +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
                       |  |                                             
                       |  |           +-- Potamilus_fragilis            
                       |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon            
                       |  +--------+                                    
                       |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus              
                       |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |           +-- Potamilus_purpuratus          
                       |  |                                             
                       |  |           +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris    
                       +--+  +--------+                                 
                          |  |        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[1]
                          |  |                                          
                          +--+  +-------- Medionidus_conradicus         
                          |  |  |                                       
                          |  |  |     +-- Lemiox_rimosus                
                          |  +--+-----+                                 
                          |     |     +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
                          |     |                                       
                          |     |  +----- Dromus_dromas                 
                          |     +--+                                    
                          |        |  +-- Cyprogenia_aberti             
                          |        +--+                                 
                          |           +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria           
                          |                                             
                          |        +----- Hamiota_australis[2]          
                          |  +-----+                                    
                          |  |     |  +-- Hamiota_australis[1]          
                          |  |     +--+                                 
                          |  |        +-- Hamiota_subangulata           
                          +--+                                          
                          |  |        +-- Hamiota_altilis[3]            
                          |  |  +-----+                                 
                          |  |  |     +-- Hamiota_perovalis[2]          
                          |  +--+                                       
                          |     |  +----- Hamiota_altilis[2]            
                          |     +--+                                    
                          |        |  +-- Hamiota_altilis[1]            
                          |        +--+                                 
                          |           +-- Hamiota_perovalis[1]          
                          |                                             
                          |  +----------- Obovaria_olivaria             
                          |  |                                          
                          |  +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[2]
                          |  |                                          
                          |  |     +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
                          |  +-----+                                    
                          +--+     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
                             |     +--+                                 
                             |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
                             |                                          
                             |        +-- Epioblasma_brevidens          
                             |  +-----+                                 
                             |  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra          
                             +--+                                       
                                |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri[1]         
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[2]         
                                   +--+                                 
                                      +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis       

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 63 63 4 21.0
                                         +-- Uniomerus_declivis **         
                       +-----------------+                              
                       |                 +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  +--------------------+                                                
  |                    |  +----------------- Theliderma_metanevra **       
  |                    |  |                                             
  |                    +--+  +-------------- Quadrula_verrucosa **         
  |                       |  |                                          
  |                       |  |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                       +--+  +--------+                              
  |                          |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **           
  |                          |  |                                       
  |                          +--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata **         
  |                             |  +-----+                              
  |                             |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **        
  |                             +--+                                    
  |                                |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **     
  |                                +--+                                 
  |                                   |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **        
  |                                   +--+                              
  |                                      +-- Pustulosa_succissa **         
  |                                                                     
  |                                   +----- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
  |                 +-----------------+                                 
  |                 |                 |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
  |                 |                 +--+                              
--+                 |                    +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
  |                 |                                                   
  |                 |                 +----- Popenaias_popeii           
  |  +--------------+  +--------------+                                 
  |  |              |  |              |  +-- Amblema_elliottii          
  |  |              |  |              +--+                              
  |  |              |  |                 +-- Amblema_plicata            
  |  |              |  |                                                
  |  |              |  |  +----------------- Potamilus_alatus           
  |  |              +--+  |                                             
  |  |                 |  +----------------- Potamilus_capax            
  |  |                 |  |                                             
  |  |                 |  +----------------- Glebula_rotundata          
  |  |                 |  |                                             
  |  |                 |  |              +-- Toxolasma_lividum          
  |  |                 |  +--------------+                              
  |  |                 +--+              +-- Paetulunio_fabalis         
  |  |                    |                                             
  |  |                    |              +-- Dromus_dromas              
  |  |                    +--------------+                              
  |  |                    |              +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
  |  |                    |                                             
  |  |                    |              +-- Lampsilis_ovata            
  +--+                    |  +-----------+                              
     |                    |  |           +-- Obliquaria_reflexa         
     |                    +--+                                          
     |                       |  +----------- Lampsilis_virescens        
     |                       |  |                                       
     |                       +--+        +-- Epioblasma_rangiana        
     |                          |  +-----+                              
     |                          |  |     +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
     |                          +--+                                    
     |                             |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria          
     |                             +--+                                 
     |                                |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |                                +--+                              
     |                                   +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      
     |                                                                  
     |  +----------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
     |  |                                                               
     |  |  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile         
     |  |  |                                                            
     |  |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_clava           
     |  |  |                 +-----------+                              
     +--+  |                 |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
        |  |                 |                                          
        |  |  +--------------+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme       
        |  |  |              |  |                                       
        |  |  |              |  |        +-- Pleurobema_athearni        
        |  |  |              |  |     +--+                              
        +--+  |              +--+     |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum      
           |  |                 |  +--+                                 
           |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum         
           |  |                 |  |  +--+                              
           |  |                 |  |     +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum     
           |  |                 +--+                                    
           |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum     
           |  |                    |  |                                 
           |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum      
           |  |                    +--+                                 
           |  |                       +----- Pleurobema_rubellum        
           +--+                       |                                 
              |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum       
              |                       +--+                              
              |                          +-- Pleurobema_taitianum       
              |                                                         
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii       
              |  +-----------------+                                    
              |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_cordatum        
              |  |                 +--+                                 
              |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum          
              |  |                    +--+                              
              |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
              |  |                                                      
              |  |        +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda       
              |  |        |                                             
              +--+  +-----+              +-- Fusconaia_cor              
                 |  |     |  +-----------+                              
                 |  |     |  |           +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus         
                 |  |     +--+                                          
                 |  |        |  +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis       
                 |  |        |  |                                       
                 |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia         
                 |  |           |  +-----+                              
                 |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei           
                 |  |           +--+                                    
                 +--+              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni           
                    |              +--+                                 
                    |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                    |                 +--+                              
                    |                    +-- Fusconaia_cerina           
                    |                                                   
                    |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber          
                    |  +--------------+                                 
                    |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana      
                    |  |              +--+                              
                    |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides   
                    +--+                                                
                       |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
                       |  +--------------+                              
                       |  |              +-- Parvaspina_collina         
                       |  |                                             
                       +--+              +-- Hemistena_lata             
                          |  +-----------+                              
                          |  |           +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus        
                          |  |                                          
                          +--+  +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana       
                             |  |                                       
                             |  |  +-------- Elliptio_complanata        
                             +--+  |                                    
                                |  |  +----- Elliptio_purpurella        
                                |  +--+                                 
                                |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_arca              
                                +--+  +--+                              
                                   |     +-- Elliptio_arctata           
                                   |                                    
                                   |     +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli        
                                   |     |                              
                                   +-----+-- Elliptio_pullata           
                                         |                              
                                         +-- Elliptio_crassidens        

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 2 63 63 4 22.0
                                      +-- Uniomerus_declivis **         
                       +--------------+                              
                       |              +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
                       |                                             
  +--------------------+              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **         
  |                    |  +-----------+                              
  |                    |  |           +-- Quadrula_nobilis **           
  |                    |  |                                          
  |                    +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                       |  |                                       
  |                       |  +----------- Theliderma_metanevra **       
  |                       +--+                                       
  |                          |        +-- Pustulosa_infucata **         
  |                          |  +-----+                              
  |                          |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **        
  |                          +--+                                    
  |                             |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **     
  |                             +--+                                 
  |                                |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **        
  |                                +--+                              
  |                                   +-- Pustulosa_succissa **         
  |                                                                  
  |                                   +-- Amblema_elliottii          
  |                                +--+                              
  |                                |  +-- Amblema_plicata            
  |     +--------------------------+                                 
  |     |                          |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
--+     |                          +--+                              
  |     |                             +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
  |  +--+                                                            
  |  |  |  +----------------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
  |  |  |  |                                                         
  |  |  |  |                          +-- Glebula_rotundata          
  |  |  +--+  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |     |  |                       +-- Paetulunio_fabalis         
  |  |     |  |                                                      
  |  |     +--+                       +-- Toxolasma_lividum          
  |  |        |  +--------------------+                              
  |  |        |  |                    +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
  |  |        |  |                                                   
  |  |        +--+  +-------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa         
  |  |           |  |                                                
  |  |           |  |                 +-- Dromus_dromas              
  |  |           |  |              +--+                              
  |  |           +--+              |  +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
  |  |              |  +-----------+                                 
  |  |              |  |           |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  |  |              |  |           +--+                              
  |  |              +--+              +-- Potamilus_capax            
  |  |                 |                                             
  |  |                 |  +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata            
  +--+                 |  |                                          
     |                 +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_virescens        
     |                    |  |                                       
     |                    +--+        +-- Epioblasma_rangiana        
     |                       |  +-----+                              
     |                       |  |     +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
     |                       +--+                                    
     |                          |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria          
     |                          +--+                                 
     |                             |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |                             +--+                              
     |                                +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      
     |                                                               
     |  +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
     |  |                                                            
     |  |                             +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
     |  |  +--------------------------+                              
     |  |  |                          +-- Parvaspina_collina         
     |  |  |                                                         
     |  |  |                          +-- Hemistena_lata             
     |  |  +--------------------------+                              
     |  |  |                          +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus        
     +--+  |                                                         
        |  |                 +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana       
        |  |                 |                                       
        |  |                 |     +----- Elliptio_crassidens        
        |  +-----------------+  +--+                                 
        |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli        
        |  |                 |  |  +--+                              
        |  |                 +--+     +-- Elliptio_pullata           
        |  |                    |                                    
        |  |                    |  +----- Elliptio_complanata        
        +--+                    |  |                                 
           |                    +--+  +-- Elliptio_purpurella        
           |                       |  |                              
           |                       +--+-- Elliptio_arca              
           |                          |                              
           |                          +-- Elliptio_arctata           
           |                                                         
           |                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber          
           |  +--------------------+                                 
           |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana      
           |  |                    +--+                              
           |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides   
           |  |                                                      
           |  |           +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis       
           |  |           |                                          
           |  |           |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda       
           |  |  +--------+  +-----+                                 
           +--+  |        |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor              
              |  |        |  |     +--+                              
              |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus         
              |  |        +--+                                       
              |  |           |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia         
              |  |           |  +-----+                              
              |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei           
              |  |           +--+                                    
              |  |              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni           
              +--+              +--+                                 
                 |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina           
                 |                 +--+                              
                 |                    +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                 |                                                   
                 |              +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii       
                 |  +-----------+                                    
                 |  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_cordatum        
                 |  |           +--+                                 
                 |  |              |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum          
                 |  |              +--+                              
                 +--+                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
                    |                                                
                    |  +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile         
                    |  |                                             
                    |  |     +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum      
                    |  |  +--+                                       
                    +--+  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum        
                       |  |  +--+                                    
                       |  |     |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum     
                       |  |     +--+                                 
                       |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum       
                       +--+        +--+                              
                          |           +-- Pleurobema_taitianum       
                          |                                          
                          |           +-- Pleurobema_clava           
                          |  +--------+                              
                          |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
                          +--+                                       
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme       
                             |  |                                    
                             +--+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni        
                                |  +--+                              
                                |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum      
                                +--+                                 
                                   |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum         
                                   +--+                              
                                      +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum     

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 14 0 0 23.0
              +-- Theliderma_intermedia **
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Theliderma_sparsa **    
--+                                    
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata **   
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Pustulosa_kieneriana ** 
           +--+                        
              +-- Pustulosa_succissa **   

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 28 22 3 23.0
                       +-- Fusconaia_flava        
                    +--+                          
                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
     +--------------+                             
     |              |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
     |              +--+                          
  +--+                 +-- Elliptio_crassidens    
  |  |                                            
  |  |  +----------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **    
  |  +--+                                         
  |     |  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |     +--+                                      
  |        |  +----------- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  |        +--+                                   
  |           |  +-------- Theliderma_metanevra **   
--+           +--+                                
  |              |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **    
  |              +--+                             
  |                 |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata ** 
  |                 +--+                          
  |                    +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **     
  |                                               
  |     +----------------- Amblema_plicata        
  |     |                                         
  |     |  +-------------- Toxolasma_parvum       
  +-----+  |                                      
        |  |  +----------- Obliquaria_reflexa     
        |  |  |                                   
        +--+  |  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria      
           |  |  |                                
           |  |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium      
           |  |  |                                
           +--+  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra   
              |  +-----+                          
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
              |  |                                
              |  |     +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
              |  +-----+                          
              |  |     +-- Lampsilis_higginsii    
              +--+                                
                 |     +-- Ligumia_recta          
                 +-----+                          
                 |     +-- Lampsilis_teres        
                 |                                
                 |  +----- Potamilus_fragilis     
                 +--+                             
                 |  |  +-- Potamilus_ohiensis     
                 |  +--+                          
                 |     +-- Potamilus_alatus       
                 |                                
                 |  +----- Ellipsaria_lineolata   
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Truncilla_truncata     
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Truncilla_donaciformis 

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 29 25 2 31 22 3 41.0
                       +----------- Theliderma_metanevra **   
                       |                                   
  +--------------------+        +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  |                    |  +-----+                          
  |                    |  |     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                    +--+                                
  |                       |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **    
  |                       +--+                             
--+                          |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata ** 
  |                          +--+                          
  |                             +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **     
  |                                                        
  |  +----------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **    
  |  |                                                     
  +--+  +-------------------------- Toxolasma_parvum       
     |  |                                                  
     |  |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata        
     +--+  |                                               
        |  |                    +-- Reginaia_ebenus        
        |  |  +-----------------+                          
        |  |  |                 +-- Obliquaria_reflexa     
        +--+  |                                            
           |  |           +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
           |  +-----------+                                
           |  |           |  +----- Elliptio_crassidens    
           |  |           +--+                             
           |  |              |  +-- Fusconaia_flava        
           +--+              +--+                          
              |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
              |                                            
              |              +----- Potamilus_fragilis     
              |  +-----------+                             
              |  |           |  +-- Potamilus_ohiensis     
              |  |           +--+                          
              |  |              +-- Potamilus_alatus       
              |  |                                         
              +--+           +----- Ellipsaria_lineolata   
                 |  +--------+                             
                 |  |        |  +-- Truncilla_donaciformis 
                 |  |        +--+                          
                 |  |           +-- Truncilla_truncata     
                 +--+                                      
                    |  +----------- Lampsilis_cardium      
                    |  |                                   
                    |  |     +----- Ligumia_recta          
                    |  +-----+                             
                    +--+     |  +-- Obovaria_olivaria      
                       |     +--+                          
                       |        +-- Epioblasma_triquetra   
                       |                                   
                       |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres        
                       +--+                                
                          |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                          +--+                             
                             |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                             +--+                          
                                +-- Lampsilis_higginsii    

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 44 44 4 21.0
                                   +-------------- Uniomerus_declivis **      
                                   |                                       
  +--------------------------------+           +-- Pustulosa_infucata **      
  |                                |  +--------+                           
  |                                |  |        +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **     
  |                                +--+                                    
  |                                   |  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |                                   +--+                                 
  |                                      |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **  
  |                                      +--+                              
  |                                         |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **      
  |                                         +--+                           
  |                                            +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **     
--+                                                                        
  |                                +-------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |  +-----------------------------+                                       
  |  |                             |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                             +--+                                    
  |  |                                |  +-------- Obovaria_unicolor       
  |  |                                +--+                                 
  |  |                                   |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria       
  |  |                                   +--+                              
  |  |                                      |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata         
  |  |                                      +--+                           
  |  |                                         +-- Lemiox_rimosus          
  +--+                                                                     
     |                                +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
     |                                |                                    
     |                                |     +----- Popenaias_popeii        
     |  +-----------------------------+  +--+                              
     |  |                             |  |  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
     |  |                             |  |  +--+                           
     |  |                             +--+     +-- Amblema_plicata         
     |  |                                |                                 
     |  |                                |     +-- Reginaia_ebenus[1]      
     |  |                                |     |                           
     +--+                                +-----+-- Reginaia_ebenus[2]      
        |                                      |                           
        |                                      +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
        |                                                                  
        |                                      +-- Elliptio_arca           
        |  +-----------------------------------+                           
        |  |                                   +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
        |  |                                                               
        +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
           |  |                                                            
           |  |  +-------------------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
           |  |  |                                                         
           +--+  |                             +-- Hemistena_lata          
              |  +-----------------------------+                           
              |  |                             +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
              |  |                                                         
              +--+                          +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                 |  +-----------------------+                              
                 |  |                       |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                 |  |                       +--+                           
                 |  |                          +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                 |  |                                                      
                 |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_stabile      
                 +--+                    +-----+                           
                    |                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
                    |  +-----------------+                                 
                    |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum      
                    |  |                 +--+                              
                    |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
                    +--+                    +--+                           
                       |                       +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
                       |                                                   
                       |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum     
                       |  |                                                
                       +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                          |  |                                             
                          |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                          +--+  +--------------+                           
                             |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                             |  |                                          
                             +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                                |  |                                       
                                |  |           +-- Fusconaia_flava[6]      
                                |  |  +--------+                           
                                +--+  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                   |  |                                    
                                   |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                   |  |        |                           
                                   +--+        +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]     
                                      |  +-----+                           
                                      |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]     
                                      |  |     |                           
                                      |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]     
                                      +--+                                 
                                         |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[5]      
                                         |  |                              
                                         |  |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                                         +--+  |                           
                                            |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      
                                            |  |                           
                                            +--+-- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
                                               |                           
                                               +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]      
                                               |                           
                                               +-- Fusconaia_flava[4]      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 37 37 4 22.0
                                      +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **       
                                      |                                    
  +-----------------------------------+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata **      
  |                                   |  +-----+                           
  |                                   |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **     
  |                                   +--+                                 
  |                                      |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **  
  |                                      +--+                              
  |                                         |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **      
  |                                         +--+                           
  |                                            +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **     
  |                                                                        
  |                                         +----- Popenaias_popeii        
  |                             +-----------+                              
--+                             |           |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
  |                             |           +--+                           
  |                             |              +-- Amblema_plicata         
  |  +--------------------------+                                          
  |  |                          |           +----- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
  |  |                          |  +--------+                              
  |  |                          |  |        |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |  |                          |  |        +--+                           
  |  |                          +--+           +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
  |  |                             |                                       
  |  |                             |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                             +--+                                    
  |  |                                |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus          
  +--+                                +--+                                 
     |                                   |  +----- Lampsilis_ovata         
     |                                   +--+                              
     |                                      |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor       
     |                                      +--+                           
     |                                         +-- Obovaria_olivaria       
     |                                                                     
     |  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
     |  |                                                                  
     |  |  +-------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
     +--+  |                                                               
        |  |                                +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
        |  |  +-----------------------------+                              
        +--+  |                             |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
           |  |                             +--+                           
           |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
           |  |                                                            
           +--+                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
              |  +-----------------------------+                           
              |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
              |  |                                                         
              |  |                             +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
              |  |                       +-----+                           
              +--+                       |     +-- Hemistena_lata          
                 |  +--------------------+                                 
                 |  |                    |  +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                 |  |                    +--+                              
                 |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                 |  |                       +--+                           
                 +--+                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                    |                                                      
                    |                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                    |  +--------------------+                              
                    |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                    |  |                    +--+                           
                    +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                       |                                                   
                       |  +----------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
                       |  |                                                
                       +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                          |  |                                             
                          +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                             |  +--------------+                           
                             |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                             +--+                                          
                                |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                                |  |                                       
                                +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                                   |  +--------+                           
                                   |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                   +--+                                    
                                      |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                      +--+                                 
                                         |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                                         +--+                              
                                            |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                            +--+                           
                                               +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 37 37 4 22.0
                       +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **       
                       |                                    
  +--------------------+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata **      
  |                    |  +-----+                           
  |                    |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **     
  |                    +--+                                 
  |                       |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **  
  |                       +--+                              
  |                          |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **      
  |                          +--+                           
  |                             +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **     
  |                                                         
  |                             +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |                          +--+                           
  |                          |  +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
--+              +-----------+                              
  |              |           |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
  |              |           +--+                           
  |  +-----------+              +-- Amblema_plicata         
  |  |           |                                          
  |  |           |  +-------------- Popenaias_popeii        
  |  |           |  |                                       
  |  |           +--+  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
  |  |              |  |                                    
  |  |              +--+----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                 |                                    
  |  |                 |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus          
  |  |                 +--+                                 
  |  |                    |  +----- Lampsilis_ovata         
  +--+                    +--+                              
     |                       |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor       
     |                       +--+                           
     |                          +-- Obovaria_olivaria       
     |                                                      
     |  +-------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
     |  |                                                   
     |  |  +----------------------- Hemistena_lata          
     |  |  |                                                
     |  |  +----------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
     |  |  |                                                
     +--+  |                    +-- Elliptio_arca           
        |  +--------------------+                           
        |  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
        |  |                                                
        |  |                    +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
        |  +--------------------+                           
        |  |                    +-- Parvaspina_collina      
        +--+                                                
           |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
           |  +--------------+                              
           |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
           |  |              +--+                           
           |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
           |  |                                             
           |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
           |  |        +--------+                           
           |  |        |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
           |  +--------+                                    
           |  |        |  +-------- Pleurobema_stabile      
           +--+        +--+                                 
              |           |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
              |           +--+                              
              |              |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
              |              +--+                           
              |                 +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
              |                                             
              |              +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
              |  +-----------+                              
              |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_cor           
              |  |           +--+                           
              +--+              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                 |                                          
                 |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                    |  +--------+                           
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                             +--+                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 37 37 4 22.0
                                         +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **       
                                         |                                    
  +--------------------------------------+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata **      
  |                                      |  +-----+                           
  |                                      |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **     
  |                                      +--+                                 
  |                                         |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **  
  |                                         +--+                              
  |                                            |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **      
  |                                            +--+                           
  |                                               +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **     
  |                                                                           
  |                                            +----- Popenaias_popeii        
  |                                   +--------+                              
--+                                   |        |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
  |                                   |        +--+                           
  |                                   |           +-- Amblema_plicata         
  |  +--------------------------------+                                       
  |  |                                |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                                |  |                                    
  |  |                                |  |     +----- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
  |  |                                |  +-----+                              
  |  |                                +--+     |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |  |                                   |     +--+                           
  |  |                                   |        +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
  |  |                                   |                                    
  +--+                                   |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus          
     |                                   +--+                                 
     |                                      |  +----- Lampsilis_ovata         
     |                                      +--+                              
     |                                         |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor       
     |                                         +--+                           
     |                                            +-- Obovaria_olivaria       
     |                                                                        
     |  +-------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
     |  |                                                                     
     +--+  +----------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
        |  |                                                                  
        +--+  +-------------------------------------- Hemistena_lata          
           |  |                                                               
           +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
              |  |                                                            
              |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
              +--+  +-----------------------------+                           
                 |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
                 |  |                                                         
                 |  |                          +----- Pleurobema_clava        
                 +--+  +-----------------------+                              
                    |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
                    |  |                       +--+                           
                    |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
                    |  |                                                      
                    +--+                    +-------- Parvaspina_collina      
                       |  +-----------------+                                 
                       |  |                 |  +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                       |  |                 +--+                              
                       |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                       |  |                    +--+                           
                       +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                          |                                                   
                          |                    +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                          |  +-----------------+                              
                          |  |                 |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                          |  |                 +--+                           
                          +--+                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                             |                                                
                             |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                             |  |                                             
                             +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                                |  +--------------+                           
                                |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                                +--+                                          
                                   |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                                   |  |                                       
                                   +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                                      |  +--------+                           
                                      |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                      +--+                                    
                                         |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                         +--+                                 
                                            |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                                            +--+                              
                                               |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                               +--+                           
                                                  +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 33 32 3 22.0
  +----------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |                                                      
  |              +-------------- Uniomerus_declivis **      
  |  +-----------+                                       
  |  |           |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |  |           +--+                                    
--+  |              |  +-------- Quadrula_verrucosa **      
  |  |              +--+                                 
  |  |                 |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **     
  |  |                 +--+                              
  |  |                    |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **       
  |  |                    +--+                           
  +--+                       +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **  
     |                                                   
     |                       +-- Elliptio_fumata         
     |  +--------------------+                           
     |  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
     |  |                                                
     |  |  +-------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
     |  |  |                                             
     |  |  +-------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
     +--+  |                                             
        |  |                 +-- Hemistena_lata          
        |  +-----------------+                           
        |  |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
        |  |                                             
        |  |              +----- Pleurobema_riddellii    
        +--+           +--+                              
           |           |  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
           |           |  +--+                           
           |  +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
           |  |        |                                 
           |  |        |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
           |  |        |  |                              
           |  |        +--+  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
           |  |           |  |                           
           +--+           +--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
              |              |                           
              |              +-- Pleurobema_clava        
              |                                          
              |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi        
              |  |                                       
              |  |           +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli     
              +--+  +--------+                           
                 |  |        +-- Fusconaia_iheringi      
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    |  +-----+                           
                    |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                          +--+                           
                             +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 22 20 3 29 17 3 38.0
                    +-------- Megalonaias_nervosa **     
  +-----------------+                                 
  |                 |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula[2] **    
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula[1] **    
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Theliderma_metanevra **    
  |                                                   
--+              +----------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
  |  |           +--+                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Uniomerus_carolinianus **  
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata         
     |  |                                             
     |  |              +----- Toxolasma_parvum        
     |  |  +-----------+                              
     +--+  |           |  +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
        |  |           +--+                           
        |  |              +-- Obliquaria_reflexa      
        |  |                                          
        +--+           +----- Ptychobranchus_subtentus
           |  +--------+                              
           |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_fragilis      
           |  |        +--+                           
           |  |           +-- Medionidus_conradicus   
           +--+                                       
              |           +-- Villosa_delumbis        
              |  +--------+                           
              |  |        +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata    
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres         
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Potamilus_purpuratus    
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Potamilus_alatus        

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 34 33 4 19.0
                          +----------- Megalonaias_nervosa **        
  +-----------------------+                                       
  |                       |  +-------- Uniomerus_declivis **         
  |                       +--+                                    
  |                          |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **         
  |                          +--+                                 
  |                             |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **     
  |                             +--+                              
  |                                +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                                               
  |                    +-------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
--+  +-----------------+                                          
  |  |                 |  +----------- Elliptio_fumata            
  |  |                 +--+                                       
  |  |                    |  +-------- Pleuronaia_barnesiana      
  |  |                    +--+                                    
  |  |                       |  +----- Pleurobema_riddellii       
  |  |                       +--+                                 
  |  |                          |  +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  |  |                          +--+                              
  |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum      
  |  |                                                            
  +--+                             +-- Amblema_plicata            
     |                          +--+                              
     |                          |  +-- Amblema_neislerii          
     |  +-----------------------+                                 
     |  |                       |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
     |  |                       +--+                              
     |  |                          +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
     |  |                                                         
     |  |           +----------------- Popenaias_popeii           
     |  |           |                                             
     |  |  +--------+  +-------------- Psoronaias_guatemalensis[2]
     |  |  |        |  |                                          
     +--+  |        +--+  +----------- Psoronaias_guatemalensis[1]
        |  |           |  |                                       
        |  |           +--+  +-------- Psoronaias_semigranosa[3]  
        |  |              |  |                                    
        |  |              |  |  +----- Psoronaias_semigranosa[2]  
        |  |              +--+  |                                 
        |  |                 |  +----- Psoronaias_usumasintae[2]  
        |  |                 |  |                                 
        |  |                 +--+----- Psoronaias_percompressa    
        +--+                    |                                 
           |                    |  +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa[1]  
           |                    |  |                              
           |                    +--+-- Psoronaias_profunda        
           |                       |                              
           |                       +-- Psoronaias_usumasintae[1]  
           |                                                      
           |                       +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
           |  +--------------------+                              
           |  |                    +-- Glebula_rotundata          
           |  |                                                   
           +--+  +-------------------- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  |                                                
              |  |                 +-- Truncilla_truncata         
              +--+  +--------------+                              
                 |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                 |  |                                             
                 +--+  +-------------- Pachynaias_spheniopsis     
                    |  |                                          
                    |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata       
                    +--+  +--------+                              
                       |  |        +-- Sphenonaias_microdon       
                       |  |                                       
                       +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                          |  +-----+                              
                          |  |     +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                          +--+                                    
                             |  +----- Cambarunio_iris            
                             +--+                                 
                                |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra       
                                +--+                              
                                   +-- Ligumia_recta              

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 14 3 23 14 3 34.0
                       +----- Megalonaias_nervosa **     
  +--------------------+                              
  |                    |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Theliderma_metanevra **    
  |                                                   
--+                    +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |                    |                              
  |  +-----------------+  +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  |                 |  |                           
  |  |                 +--+-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
  |  |                    |                           
  +--+                    +-- Uniomerus_carolinianus **  
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata         
     |  |                                             
     +--+                 +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
        |  +--------------+                           
        |  |              +-- Obliquaria_reflexa      
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis      
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus
              |  |                                    
              +--+  +-------- Medionidus_conradicus   
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+  +----- Potamilus_purpuratus    
                    |  |                              
                    |  |  +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata    
                    +--+--+                           
                       |  +-- Villosa_delumbis        
                       |                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_teres         
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 16 3 24 14 3 34.0
                                +----- Megalonaias_nervosa **     
  +-----------------------------+                              
  |                             |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |                             +--+                           
  |                                +-- Theliderma_metanevra **    
  |                                                            
--+                          +-------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |  +-----------------------+                                 
  |  |                       |  +----- Uniomerus_carolinianus **  
  |  |                       +--+                              
  |  |                          |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--+                          +--+                           
     |                             +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
     |                                                         
     |  +----------------------------- Amblema_plicata         
     +--+                                                      
        |  +-------------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
        +--+                                                   
           |  +----------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa      
           +--+                                                
              |  +-------------------- Medionidus_conradicus   
              +--+                                             
                 |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus
                 +--+                                          
                    |  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis      
                    +--+                                       
                       |  +----------- Potamilus_purpuratus    
                       +--+                                    
                          |  +-------- Ellipsaria_lineolata    
                          +--+                                 
                             |  +----- Villosa_delumbis        
                             +--+                              
                                |  +-- Lampsilis_teres         
                                +--+                           
                                   +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 10 0 3 15 7 3 26.0
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta   
  |                         
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis     
  |                         
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
  |                         
  +-- Lampsilis_teres       
  |                         
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea   
--+                         
  +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  |                         
  +-- Obliquaria_reflexa    
  |                         
  +-- Theliderma_cylindrica ** 
  |                         
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  |                         
  +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 17 0 3 19 8 3 33.0
  +-- Gonidea_angulata      
  |                         
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis     
  |                         
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
  |                         
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta   
  |                         
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea   
  |                         
  +-- Lampsilis_teres       
  |                         
  +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  |                         
  +-- Obliquaria_reflexa    
  |                         
--+-- Theliderma_cylindrica ** 
  |                         
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  |                         
  +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
  |                         
  +-- Amblema_plicata       
  |                         
  +-- Elliptio_complanata   
  |                         
  +-- Fusconaia_cerina      
  |                         
  +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus
  |                         
  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum   
  |                         
  +-- Unio_pictorum         

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 17 0 3 19 7 3 33.0
  +-- Gonidea_angulata      
  |                         
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis     
  |                         
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
  |                         
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta   
  |                         
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea   
  |                         
  +-- Lampsilis_teres       
  |                         
  +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  |                         
  +-- Obliquaria_reflexa    
  |                         
--+-- Theliderma_cylindrica ** 
  |                         
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  |                         
  +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus ** 
  |                         
  +-- Amblema_plicata       
  |                         
  +-- Elliptio_complanata   
  |                         
  +-- Fusconaia_cerina      
  |                         
  +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus
  |                         
  +-- Aculamprotula_tortuosa
  |                         
  +-- Unio_pictorum         

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 34 31 2 35 15 3 49.0
                             +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------+                                 
  |                          |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **     
  |                          +--+                              
  |                             +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **        
  |                                                            
  |     +-------------------------- Pronodularia_japanensis    
  |     |                                                      
  |  +--+  +----------------------- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii     
  |  |  |  |                                                   
  |  |  +--+  +-------------------- Cristaria_plicata          
  |  |     |  |                                                
--+  |     |  |                 +-- Lasmigona_complanata       
  |  |     +--+  +--------------+                              
  |  |        |  |              +-- Lasmigona_costata          
  |  |        |  |                                             
  |  |        +--+  +-------------- Strophitus_undulatus       
  |  |           |  |                                          
  |  |           |  |           +-- Platynaias_compressa       
  |  |           |  |        +--+                              
  |  |           +--+        |  +-- Platynaias_subviridis      
  |  |              |  +-----+                                 
  |  |              |  |     |  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
  +--+              |  |     +--+                              
     |              |  |        +-- Alasmidonta_undulata       
     |              +--+                                       
     |                 |        +-- Pyganodon_lacustris        
     |                 |  +-----+                              
     |                 |  |     +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
     |                 +--+                                    
     |                    |  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis[2]
     |                    +--+                                 
     |                       |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis[1]
     |                       +--+                              
     |                          +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
     |                                                         
     |  +-------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **        
     |  |                                                      
     +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia_flava            
        |  |                                                   
        +--+  +-------------------- Reginaia_ebenus            
           |  |                                                
           |  |           +-------- Toxolasma_paulum[2]        
           +--+  +--------+                                    
              |  |        |  +----- Toxolasma_lividum          
              |  |        +--+                                 
              |  |           |  +-- Toxolasma_parvum           
              +--+           +--+                              
                 |              +-- Toxolasma_paulum[1]        
                 |                                             
                 |  +-------------- Ellipsaria_lineolata       
                 |  |                                          
                 +--+  +----------- Truncilla_macrodon         
                    |  |                                       
                    |  |        +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
                    +--+  +-----+                              
                       |  |     +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi      
                       |  |                                    
                       +--+     +-- Cambarunio_iris            
                          |  +--+                              
                          |  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                          +--+                                 
                             |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                             |  |                              
                             +--+-- Lampsilis_ornata           
                                |                              
                                +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 0 0 0 22.0
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
--+                                
  |  +----- Uniomerus_declivis **     
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **    
     +--+                          
        +-- Megalonaias_nickliniana **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 200 21 3 20.0
                             +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **        
                          +--+                              
                          |  +-- Uniomerus_carolinianus **     
  +-----------------------+                                 
  |                       |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                       +--+                              
  |                          +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **         
  |                                                         
  |                    +-------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
--+                    |                                    
  |  +-----------------+     +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  |                 |  +--+                              
  |  |                 |  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
  |  |                 +--+                                 
  |  |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  +--+                    +--+                              
     |                       +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
     |                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     |  |                 +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
     +--+  +--------------+                                 
        |  |              |  +-- Obliquaria_reflexa         
        |  |              +--+                              
        |  |                 +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
        +--+                                                
           |  +----------------- Potamilus_leptodon         
           |  |                                             
           |  |  +-------------- Potamilus_alatus           
           +--+  |                                          
              |  |  +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
              |  |  |                                       
              +--+  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |        +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata       
                 |  +--------+                              
                 +--+        +-- Truncilla_truncata         
                    |                                       
                    |        +-- Medionidus_conradicus      
                    +--------+                              
                    |        +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus   
                    |                                       
                    |  +-------- Cambarunio_iris            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 197 21 3 20.0
                                      +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **        
                                   +--+                              
                                   |  +-- Uniomerus_carolinianus **     
  +--------------------------------+                                 
  |                                |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                +--+                              
  |                                   +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **         
  |                                                                  
  |                             +-------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
--+                             |                                    
  |  +--------------------------+     +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  |                          |  +--+                              
  |  |                          |  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
  |  |                          +--+                                 
  |  |                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  +--+                             +--+                              
     |                                +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
     |                                                               
     |  +-------------------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                            
     +--+  +----------------------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
        |  |                                                         
        +--+                          +-- Obliquaria_reflexa         
           |  +-----------------------+                              
           |  |                       +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
           +--+                                                      
              |  +----------------------- Potamilus_leptodon         
              |  |                                                   
              +--+  +-------------------- Potamilus_alatus           
                 |  |                                                
                 |  |                 +-- Medionidus_conradicus      
                 +--+  +--------------+                              
                    |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus   
                    |  |                                             
                    +--+              +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata       
                       |  +-----------+                              
                       |  |           +-- Truncilla_truncata         
                       +--+                                          
                          |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                          |  |                                       
                          +--+        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                             |  +-----+                              
                             |  |     +-- Cambarunio_iris            
                             +--+                                    
                                |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                                +--+                                 
                                   |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                                   +--+                              
                                      +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 127 70 3 198 21 3 142.0
  +-------------------- Chamberlainia_somsakpanhai 
  |                                                
  +-------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **        
  |                                                
  +-------------------- Uniomerus_carolinianus **     
  |                                                
  |                 +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +-----------------+                              
  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **         
  |                                                
  |                 +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii     
  +-----------------+                              
  |                 +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii   
  |                                                
  |                 +-- Potomida_littoralis        
  |           +-----+                              
  |           |     +-- Pronodularia_japanensis    
  +-----------+                                    
  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii           
  |           +--+                                 
  |              |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata         
  |              +--+                              
  |                 +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae    
  |                                                
  |           +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata      
  |           |                                    
  |           |  +----- Gonidea_angulata           
  |           +--+                                 
  |           |  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi       
  |           |  +--+                              
  |           |     +-- Microcondylaea_bonellii    
  +-----------+                                    
  |           |  +----- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri    
  |           +--+                                 
  |           |  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis    
  |           |  +--+                              
  |           |     +-- Koreosolenaia_sitgyensis   
  |           |                                    
  |           |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita     
  |           +--+                                 
  |              |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea      
  |              +--+                              
  |                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora      
  |                                                
  |              +----- Indopseudodon_salwenianus  
  |        +-----+                                 
  |        |     |  +-- Indopseudodon_indawgyiensis
  |        |     +--+                              
  |        |        +-- Indopseudodon_bogani       
  |        |                                       
  |        |  +-------- Nyeinchanconcha_nyeinchani 
  |        |  |                                    
  |        |  +-------- Thaiconcha_callifera       
  +--------+  |                                    
  |        |  +-------- Sundadontina_cumingii      
  |        |  |                                    
  |        |  +-------- Sundadontina_tumida[1]     
  |        |  |                                    
  |        |  +-------- Sundadontina_tumida[2]     
  |        |  |                                    
  |        |  |  +----- Pilsbryoconcha_exilis[2]   
  |        +--+--+                                 
  |           |  |  +-- Pilsbryoconcha_carinifera  
  |           |  +--+                              
  |           |     +-- Pilsbryoconcha_exilis[1]   
  |           |                                    
  |           |  +----- Pseudodon_vagulus          
  |           +--+                                 
  |           |  |  +-- Pseudodon_mekongi          
  |           |  +--+                              
  |           |     +-- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus 
  |           |                                    
  |           |  +----- Bineurus_loeiensis         
  |           +--+                                 
  |              |  +-- Bineurus_mouhotii          
  |              +--+                              
  |                 +-- Bineurus_exilis            
  |                                                
  |     +-------------- Amblema_plicata            
  |     |                                          
  |     +-------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |     |                                          
  |     |           +-- Obliquaria_reflexa         
  |     +-----------+                              
  |     |           +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
  |     |                                          
  |     |  +----------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
  |     +--+                                       
  |     |  |  +-------- Elliptio_complanata        
  |     |  +--+                                    
  |     |     |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata           
  +-----+     +--+                                 
  |     |        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  |     |        +--+                              
  |     |           +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
  |     |                                          
  |     |     +-------- Ellipsaria_lineolata       
  |     |     |                                    
  |     |     +-------- Potamilus_leptodon         
  |     |     |                                    
  |     |     +-------- Medionidus_conradicus      
  |     |     |                                    
--+     |     +-------- Potamilus_alatus           
  |     |     |                                    
  |     |     +-------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus   
  |     +-----+                                    
  |           +-------- Truncilla_truncata         
  |           |                                    
  |           +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  |           |                                    
  |           +-------- Cambarunio_iris            
  |           |                                    
  |           +-------- Leaunio_lienosus           
  |           |                                    
  |           |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
  |           +--+                                 
  |              |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
  |              +--+                              
  |                 +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
  |                                                
  |     +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi        
  |     |                                          
  |     +-------------- Hyriopsis_myersiana        
  |     |                                          
  |     +-------------- Hyriopsis_panhai           
  |     |                                          
  |  +--+           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata          
  |  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |  |           +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis      
  |  |  |                                          
  |  |  |  +----------- Rectidens_sumatrensis      
  |  |  |  |                                       
  |  |  +--+        +-- Ensidens_telus             
  |  |     |  +-----+                              
  |  |     |  |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus      
  |  |     +--+                                    
  |  |        |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius       
  |  |        +--+                                 
  +--+           |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus          
  |  |           +--+                              
  |  |              +-- Ensidens_jaculus           
  |  |                                             
  |  |     +----------- Physunio_modelli           
  |  |     |                                       
  |  |     +----------- Lens                       
  |  |     |                                       
  |  |     +----------- Physunio_superbus          
  |  |     |                                       
  |  |     |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis        
  |  |     +--+                                    
  |  +-----+  |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai            
  |        |  +--+                                 
  |        |     |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni         
  |        |     +--+                              
  |        |        +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis     
  |        |                                       
  |        |        +-- Lens_comptus               
  |        |  +-----+                              
  |        |  |     +-- Lens_novoselovi            
  |        +--+                                    
  |           |  +----- Lens_eximius               
  |           +--+                                 
  |              |  +-- Lens_contradens            
  |              +--+                              
  |                 +-- Lens_micropterus           
  |                                                
  |  +----------------- Acuticosta_chinensis       
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Alasmidonta_marginata      
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina           
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Anemina_arcaeformis        
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea            
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Cristaria_plicata          
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana       
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Lasmigona_costata          
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Lepidodesma_languilati     
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Pseudanodonta_complanata   
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Pyganodon_grandis          
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Simpsonaias_ambigua        
  |  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Strophitus_undulatus       
  |  |                                             
  |  |              +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus  
  |  +--------------+                              
  |  |              +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus     
  |  |                                             
  |  |              +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
  |  +--------------+                              
  |  |              +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis   
  |  |                                             
  |  |        +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola       
  |  +--------+                                    
  |  |        |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii         
  |  |        +--+                                 
  +--+           |  +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata     
     |           +--+                              
     |              +-- Lanceolaria_triformis      
     |                                             
     |        +-------- Unio_tumidus               
     +--------+                                    
     |        |  +----- Unio_crassus               
     |        +--+                                 
     |           |  +-- Unio_delphinus             
     |           +--+                              
     |              +-- Unio_pictorum              
     |                                             
     |        +-------- Aculamprotula_tortuosa     
     |        |                                    
     +--------+     +-- Aculamprotula_coreana      
     |        |  +--+                              
     |        |  |  +-- Aculamprotula_scripta      
     |        +--+                                 
     |           |  +-- Aculamprotula_fibrosa      
     |           +--+                              
     |              +-- Aculamprotula_tientsinensis
     |                                             
     |        +-------- Cuneopsis_heudei           
     |        |                                    
     |        +-------- Cuneopsis_celtiformis      
     |        |                                    
     +--------+-------- Tchangsinaia_piscicula     
     |        |                                    
     |        +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens        
     |        |                                    
     |        |  +----- Nodularia_douglasiae[2]    
     |        +--+                                 
     |           |  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae[1]    
     |           +--+                              
     |              +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae      
     |                                             
     |  +-------------- Pletholophus_tenuis        
     |  |                                          
     +--+           +-- Sinanodonta_angula         
        |  +--------+                              
        |  |        +-- Sinanodonta_lucida         
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------- Sinanodonta_woodiana[1]    
           +--+                                    
              |  +----- Sinanodonta_jourdyi        
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta_elliptica      
                 +--+                              
                    +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana[2]    

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 14 12 3 19.0
              +----- Quadrula_nobilis **   
  +-----------+                         
  |           |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |           +--+                      
--+              +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum 
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava    
     +--+                               
        |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei[1]
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]
              +--+                      
                 +-- Fusconaia_escambia 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 1 14 12 3 20.0
                    +-- Reginaia_rotulata[1]
                    |                       
  +-----------------+-- Reginaia_rotulata[2]
  |                 |                       
  |                 +-- Reginaia_ebenus     
  |                                         
--+                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
  |                 |                       
  |  +--------------+-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
  |  |              |                       
  +--+              +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
     |                                      
     |  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum  
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava     
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei[1] 
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2] 
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3] 
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Fusconaia_escambia  

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 13 11 3 19.0
  +----- Quadrula_nobilis **  
--+                        
  |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **
  +--+                     
     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 1 13 11 3 20.0
                 +----- Lampsilis_teres    
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor  
  |              +--+                      
  |                 +-- Obovaria_olivaria  
--+                                        
  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
  |                 |                      
  |  +--------------+-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  |              |                      
  +--+              +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
     |                                     
     |  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum 
     +--+                                  
        |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava    
        +--+                               
           |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei[1]
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Fusconaia_escambia 

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 15 4 2 21.0
     +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
  |  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  |  +--+                              
--+     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
  |                                    
  |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula[2] **       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula[1] **       
     +--+                              
        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **           

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 36 14 3 19.0
  +-------- Fusconaia_flava       
--+                               
  |  +----- Megalonaias_nervosa **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 45 12 3 --
                       +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **        
  +--------------------+                             
  |                    +-- Quadrula_quadrula **         
  |                                                  
--+  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata           
  |  |                                               
  |  |              +----- Eurynia_dilatata          
  +--+  +-----------+                                
     |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_flava           
     |  |           +--+                             
     |  |              +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia       
     +--+                                            
        |  +-------------- Obliquaria_reflexa        
        |  |                                         
        |  +-------------- Truncilla_truncata        
        +--+                                         
           +-------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
           |                                         
           |  +----------- Ligumia_recta             
           +--+                                      
              |  +-------- Cambarunio_iris           
              +--+                                   
                 |  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra      
                 +--+                                
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
                    +--+                             
                       +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 14 0 2 32 12 3 32.0
  +----------------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa **     
  |                                                      
  |                       +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
--+  +--------------------+                              
  |  |                    |  +-- Uniomerus_carolinianus **  
  |  |                    +--+                           
  +--+                       +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
     |                                                   
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata         
     |  |                                                
     +--+                    +-- Obliquaria_reflexa      
        |  +-----------------+                           
        |  |                 +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
        +--+                                             
           |  +----------------- Medionidus_conradicus   
           +--+                                          
              |  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis      
              +--+                                       
                 |  +----------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus
                 +--+                                    
                    |  +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus    
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +----- Lampsilis_teres         
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-- Villosa_delumbis        
                          +--+                           
                             +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata    

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 14 0 2 32 12 3 32.0
  +----------- Megalonaias_nervosa **     
  |                                    
  |     +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |  +--+                              
--+  |  |  +-- Uniomerus_carolinianus **  
  |  |  +--+                           
  |  |     +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
  |  |                                 
  |  |  +----- Potamilus_fragilis      
  +--+  |                              
     |  +----- Medionidus_conradicus   
     |  |                              
     |  +----- Amblema_plicata         
     |  |                              
     |  |  +-- Obliquaria_reflexa      
     +--+--+                           
        |  +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
        |                              
        |  +-- Villosa_delumbis        
        |  |                           
        |  +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata    
        |  |                           
        +--+-- Lampsilis_teres         
           |                           
           +-- Potamilus_purpuratus    
           |                           
           +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 19 18 4 --
                                         +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------------------+                              
  |                                      +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **        
  |                                                                     
--+                                      +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
  |  +-----------------------------------+                              
  |  |                                   +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  +--+                                                                  
     |  +----------------------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                               
     +--+  +-------------------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
        |  |                                                            
        +--+  +----------------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
           |  |                                                         
           +--+  +-------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum          
              |  |                                                      
              +--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa         
                 |  |                                                   
                 |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
                 +--+  +-----------------+                              
                    |  |                 +-- Glebula_rotundata          
                    |  |                                                
                    +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                       |  +--------------+                              
                       |  |              +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
                       |  |                                             
                       +--+              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                          |  +-----------+                              
                          |  |           +-- Obovaria_olivaria          
                          +--+                                          
                             |  +----------- Hamiota_subangulata        
                             +--+                                       
                                |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata            
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                                   +--+                                 
                                      |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea        
                                      +--+                              
                                         +-- Lampsilis_hydiana          

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 9 7 2 --
           +----- Amblema_plicata       
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Leaunio_lienosus      
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Lampsilis_straminea   
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Lampsilis_teres       
           +--+                         
              +-- Potamilus_purpuratus  

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 10 7 2 --
                 +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  +--------------+                         
  |              +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **   
--+                                        
  |  +-------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Amblema_plicata       
     |  |                                  
     +--+        +-- Potamilus_purpuratus  
        |  +-----+                         
        |  |     +-- Glebula_rotundata     
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Leaunio_lienosus      
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Lampsilis_teres       

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 --
  +----- Lampsilis_teres    
--+                         
  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                      
     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
--+                      
  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
--+                      
  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 45 12 3 --
     +----- Obliquaria_reflexa 
  +--+                         
  |  |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
  |  +--+                      
--+     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                            
  |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
     +--+                      
        +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 44 11 2 --
        +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
        |                      
  +-----+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
  |     |                      
--+     +-- Fusconaia_flava    
  |                            
  |  +----- Obliquaria_reflexa 
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                      
        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 44 11 3 --
        +----- Obliquaria_reflexa        
  +-----+                                
  |     |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **        
  |     +--+                             
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **         
  |                                      
--+  +-------- Amblema_plicata           
  |  |                                   
  |  |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata          
  |  +--+                                
  |  |  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia       
  +--+  +--+                             
     |     +-- Fusconaia_flava           
     |                                   
     |  +----- Truncilla_truncata        
     |  |                                
     |  +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
        |  |                             
        |  +-- Cambarunio_iris           
        +--+                             
           +-- Ligumia_recta             
           |                             
           +-- Epioblasma_triquetra      

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 19 18 4 --
                                         +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------------------+                              
  |                                      +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **        
  |                                                                     
--+                                      +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
  |  +-----------------------------------+                              
  |  |                                   +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  +--+                                                                  
     |  +----------------------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                               
     +--+  +-------------------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
        |  |                                                            
        +--+  +----------------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
           |  |                                                         
           +--+  +-------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum          
              |  |                                                      
              +--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa         
                 |  |                                                   
                 |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
                 +--+  +-----------------+                              
                    |  |                 +-- Glebula_rotundata          
                    |  |                                                
                    +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                       |  +--------------+                              
                       |  |              +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
                       |  |                                             
                       +--+              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                          |  +-----------+                              
                          |  |           +-- Obovaria_olivaria          
                          +--+                                          
                             |  +----------- Hamiota_subangulata        
                             +--+                                       
                                |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata            
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                                   +--+                                 
                                      |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea        
                                      +--+                              
                                         +-- Lampsilis_hydiana          

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 24 11 3 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
--+                     
  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 79 7 3 --
     +-------- Amblema_plicata        
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Cambarunio_iris        
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |                                   
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Elliptio_complanata    
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
        +--+                          
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata       

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 139 7 3 --
     +-------- Amblema_plicata        
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Cambarunio_iris        
  |                                   
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
        +--+                          
           +-- Elliptio_complanata    

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 139 7 3 --
     +-------- Amblema_plicata        
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Cambarunio_iris        
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |                                   
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Elliptio_complanata    
        +--+                          
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata       

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 9 0 1 129 7 3 27.0
  +-- Amblema_plicata        
  |                          
  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |                          
  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |                          
  +-- Cambarunio_iris        
  |                          
--+-- Elliptio_complanata    
  |                          
  +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
  |                          
  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
  |                          
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                          
  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 55 8 2 --
                    +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +-----------------+                              
  |                 +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
--+                                                
  |  +----------------- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
     |  |                                          
     +--+           +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
        |  +--------+                              
        |  |        +-- Potamilus_alatus           
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------- Leaunio_lienosus           
           +--+                                    
              |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                 +--+                              
                    +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 35 34 1 --
                                      +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  +-----------------------------------+                          
  |                                   +-- Pustulosa_petrina **      
  |                                                              
  |  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata       
  |  |                                                           
--+  |                             +----- Pleurobema_clava       
  |  +-----------------------------+                             
  |  |                             |  +-- Pleurobema_riddellii   
  |  |                             +--+                          
  |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
  +--+                                                           
     |                             +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda   
     |  +--------------------------+                             
     |  |                          |  +-- Fusconaia_cor          
     |  |                          +--+                          
     |  |                             +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus     
     |  |                                                        
     +--+  +----------------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis   
        |  |                                                     
        |  |                 +----------- Fusconaia_cerina[3]    
        |  |                 |                                   
        |  |  +--------------+  +-------- Fusconaia_flava[1]     
        +--+  |              |  |                                
           |  |              +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava[3]     
           |  |                 |  |                             
           |  |                 +--+  +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]    
           |  |                    |  |                          
           |  |                    +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]    
           +--+                       |                          
              |                       +-- Fusconaia_flava[2]     
              |                                                  
              |  +----------------------- Fusconaia_masoni       
              |  |                                               
              |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei       
              |  +--------------------+                          
              +--+                    +-- Fusconaia_escambia     
                 |                                               
                 |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_mitchelli    
                 |  |                                            
                 +--+  +----------------- Fusconaia_chunii       
                    |  |                                         
                    |  |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi[9]    
                    +--+  |                                      
                       |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi[6]    
                       |  |  |                                   
                       +--+  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi[7]    
                          |  |                                   
                          |  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi[8]    
                          |  |                                   
                          |  +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis[5]
                          +--+                                   
                             +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis[6]
                             |                                   
                             |  +-------- Fusconaia_askewi[5]    
                             |  |                                
                             |  +-------- Fusconaia_lananensis[4]
                             |  |                                
                             +--+  +----- Fusconaia_askewi[2]    
                                |  |                             
                                |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi[3]    
                                |  |                             
                                +--+----- Fusconaia_askewi[4]    
                                   |                             
                                   |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]    
                                   |  |                          
                                   |  +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[1]
                                   +--+                          
                                      +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[2]
                                      |                          
                                      +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[3]

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 31 31 4 --
                          +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  +-----------------------+                          
  |                       +-- Uniomerus_declivis **     
  |                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
--+  |                                               
  |  |  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii       
  |  |  |                                            
  |  |  |                 +-- Elliptio_crassidens    
  |  |  +-----------------+                          
  +--+  |                 +-- Pleurobema_rubellum    
     |  |                                            
     |  |                 +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
     |  |              +--+                          
     |  |              |  +-- Glebula_rotundata      
     |  +--------------+                             
     |  |              |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus        
     +--+              +--+                          
        |                 +-- Obliquaria_reflexa     
        |                                            
        |  +----------------- Toxolasma_lividum      
        |  |                                         
        |  |              +-- Potamilus_fragilis     
        |  |  +-----------+                          
        |  |  |           +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi  
        |  |  |                                      
        |  |  |        +----- Medionidus_acutissimus 
        |  |  +--------+                             
        +--+  |        |  +-- Lemiox_rimosus         
           |  |        +--+                          
           |  |           +-- Dromus_dromas          
           |  |                                      
           |  |        +----- Ellipsaria_lineolata   
           |  |        |                             
           |  +--------+  +-- Truncilla_cognata      
           |  |        |  |                          
           +--+        |  +-- Truncilla_donaciformis 
              |        +--+                          
              |           +-- Truncilla_macrodon     
              |           |                          
              |           +-- Truncilla_truncata     
              |                                      
              |  +----------- Cambarunio_simus       
              |  |                                   
              |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus       
              |  |                                   
              |  +----------- Villosa_villosa        
              |  |                                   
              |  |        +-- Sagittunio_nasutus     
              |  +--------+                          
              +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
                 |                                   
                 |     +----- Venustaconcha_pleasii  
                 +-----+                             
                 |     |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana    
                 |     +--+                          
                 |        +-- Obovaria_unicolor      
                 |                                   
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres        
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana      
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lampsilis_straminea    

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 55 13 4 --
                       +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  +--------------------+                          
  |                    +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **  
  |                                               
  |                 +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
--+  +--------------+                             
  |  |              |  +-- Elliptio_complanata    
  |  |              +--+                          
  |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +----- Reginaia_ebenus        
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           |  +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
     |  |           +--+                          
     |  |              +-- Amblema_plicata        
     +--+                                         
        |              +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa 
        |  +-----------+                          
        |  |           +-- Popenaias_popeii       
        +--+                                      
           |  +----------- Obliquaria_reflexa     
           +--+                                   
              |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Leaunio_lienosus       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Pachynaias_spheniopsis 

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 55 13 4 --
                    +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  +-----------------+                          
  |                 +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **  
  |                                            
  |              +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
  |           +--+                             
  |           |  |  +-- Elliptio_complanata    
--+           |  +--+                          
  |  +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
  |  |        |                                
  |  |        |  +----- Reginaia_ebenus        
  |  |        +--+                             
  |  |           |  +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
  +--+           +--+                          
     |              +-- Amblema_plicata        
     |                                         
     |              +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa 
     |  +-----------+                          
     |  |           +-- Popenaias_popeii       
     +--+                                      
        |  +----------- Obliquaria_reflexa     
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Leaunio_lienosus       
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Pachynaias_spheniopsis 

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 42 41 3 --
                                            +-- Pustulosa_petrina **       
  +-----------------------------------------+                           
  |                                         +-- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |                                                                     
  |                             +-------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                             |                                       
  |                             |           +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  +--------------------------+  +--------+                           
  |  |                          |  |        +-- Hemistena_lata          
--+  |                          |  |                                    
  |  |                          +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava        
  |  |                             |  +-----+                           
  |  |                             |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
  |  |                             +--+                                 
  |  |                                |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |                                +--+                              
  |  |                                   |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
  +--+                                   +--+                           
     |                                      +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
     |                                                                  
     |                                      +-- Amblema_plicata         
     |                                   +--+                           
     |                                   |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
     |  +--------------------------------+                              
     |  |                                |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
     |  |                                +--+                           
     |  |                                   +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
     |  |                                                               
     +--+  +----------------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum       
        |  |                                                            
        |  |                          +-------- Potamilus_fragilis      
        |  |                          |                                 
        |  |  +-----------------------+     +-- Potamilus_ohiensis      
        +--+  |                       |  +--+                           
           |  |                       |  |  +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus  
           |  |                       +--+                              
           |  |                          |  +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi   
           |  |                          +--+                           
           |  |                             +-- Potamilus_purpuratus    
           +--+                                                         
              |                       +-------- Ellipsaria_lineolata    
              |  +--------------------+                                 
              |  |                    |  +----- Truncilla_macrodon      
              |  |                    +--+                              
              |  |                       |  +-- Truncilla_donaciformis  
              |  |                       +--+                           
              |  |                          +-- Truncilla_cognata       
              +--+                                                      
                 |  +-------------------------- Leaunio_lienosus        
                 |  |                                                   
                 |  |     +-------------------- Lampsilis_bracteata     
                 |  |     |                                             
                 |  |  +--+  +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola      
                 |  |  |  |  |                                          
                 +--+  |  +--+  +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                    |  |     |  |                                       
                    |  |     +--+           +-- Lampsilis_ovata         
                    |  |        |  +--------+                           
                    |  |        |  |        +-- Lampsilis_cariosa       
                    |  |        +--+                                    
                    |  |           |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium[3]    
                    +--+           +--+                                 
                       |              |  +----- Lampsilis_cardium[2]    
                       |              +--+                              
                       |                 |  +-- Lampsilis_satura        
                       |                 +--+                           
                       |                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium[1]    
                       |                                                
                       |                    +-- Lampsilis_higginsii     
                       |     +--------------+                           
                       |     |              +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina 
                       +-----+                                          
                             |  +-------------- Lampsilis_teres         
                             |  |                                       
                             +--+           +-- Lampsilis_radiata       
                                |  +--------+                           
                                |  |        +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +-------- Lampsilis_bergmanni     
                                   +--+                                 
                                      |  +----- Lampsilis_hydiana       
                                      +--+                              
                                         |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens     
                                         +--+                           
                                            +-- Lampsilis_straminea     

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 41 40 3 --
                                               +-- Pustulosa_petrina **       
  +--------------------------------------------+                           
  |                                            +-- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |                                                                        
  |                                            +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |  +-----------------------------------------+                           
--+  |                                         +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
  |  |                                                                     
  |  |                             +-------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |  |                             |                                       
  |  |                             |           +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  |  +--------------------------+  +--------+                           
  +--+  |                          |  |        +-- Hemistena_lata          
     |  |                          |  |                                    
     |  |                          +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava        
     |  |                             |  +-----+                           
     |  |                             |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
     |  |                             +--+                                 
     |  |                                |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+                                +--+                              
        |                                   |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        |                                   +--+                           
        |                                      +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
        |                                                                  
        |                                      +-- Amblema_plicata         
        |  +-----------------------------------+                           
        |  |                                   +-- Amblema_elliottii       
        |  |                                                               
        +--+  +----------------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum       
           |  |                                                            
           |  |  +-------------------------------- Ellipsaria_lineolata    
           +--+  |                                                         
              |  |                          +----- Truncilla_cognata       
              |  |  +-----------------------+                              
              |  |  |                       |  +-- Truncilla_macrodon      
              +--+  |                       +--+                           
                 |  |                          +-- Truncilla_donaciformis  
                 |  |                                                      
                 |  |                    +-------- Potamilus_fragilis      
                 |  |                    |                                 
                 +--+  +-----------------+     +-- Potamilus_ohiensis      
                    |  |                 |  +--+                           
                    |  |                 |  |  +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus  
                    |  |                 +--+                              
                    |  |                    |  +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi   
                    |  |                    +--+                           
                    |  |                       +-- Potamilus_purpuratus    
                    +--+                                                   
                       |  +----------------------- Leaunio_lienosus        
                       |  |                                                
                       |  |     +----------------- Lampsilis_bracteata     
                       |  |     |                                          
                       |  |  +--+              +-- Lampsilis_ornata        
                       |  |  |  |  +-----------+                           
                       +--+  |  |  |           +-- Lampsilis_fasciola      
                          |  |  +--+                                       
                          |  |     |  +----------- Lampsilis_ovata         
                          |  |     +--+                                    
                          |  |        |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium[3]    
                          |  |        +--+                                 
                          +--+           |  +----- Lampsilis_cardium[2]    
                             |           +--+                              
                             |              |  +-- Lampsilis_satura        
                             |              +--+                           
                             |                 +-- Lampsilis_cardium[1]    
                             |                                             
                             |     +-------------- Lampsilis_teres         
                             |     |                                       
                             |     |           +-- Lampsilis_higginsii     
                             +-----+  +--------+                           
                                   |  |        +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina 
                                   |  |                                    
                                   +--+        +-- Lampsilis_radiata       
                                      |  +-----+                           
                                      |  |     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                                      |  |                                 
                                      +--+     +-- Lampsilis_hydiana       
                                         |  +--+                           
                                         |  |  +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni     
                                         +--+                              
                                            |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens     
                                            +--+                           
                                               +-- Lampsilis_straminea     

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 52 9 2 --
                    +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +-----------------+                              
  |                 +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
--+                                                
  |  +----------------- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  |                                             
  +--+              +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
     |  +-----------+                              
     |  |           +-- Potamilus_alatus           
     +--+                                          
        |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
        |  |                                       
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
           |  +-----+                              
           |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
           +--+                                    
              |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                 +--+                              
                    +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 17 12 4 --
                          +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  +-----------------------+                              
  |                       +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                                      
--+                       +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +--------------------+                              
  |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                   
     |  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +----------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +-------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                          
           |  |           +-- Potamilus_alatus           
           +--+  +--------+                              
              |  |        +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
              |  |                                       
              +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                 |  +-----+                              
                 |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
                 +--+                                    
                    |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                       +--+                              
                          +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 16 0 1 14 14 3 33.0
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  |                                            
--+                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
  |  +--------------+                          
  |  |              +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
  |  |                                         
  |  |              +-- Amblema_plicata        
  +--+  +-----------+                          
     |  |           +-- Amblema_elliottii      
     |  |                                      
     |  |           +-- Obovaria_olivaria      
     +--+  +--------+                          
        |  |        +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
        |  |                                   
        |  |        +-- Obliquaria_reflexa     
        |  +--------+                          
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata       
           |                                   
           |     +----- Lampsilis_radiata[2]   
           |  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Lampsilis_radiata[1]   
              |                                
              |  +----- Lampsilis_virescens    
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana      
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Lampsilis_straminea    

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 12 0 1 10 10 3 29.0
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Pustulosa_pustulosa **    
--+                                            
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +-------------- Amblema_plicata        
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +----------- Obovaria_olivaria      
        |  |                                   
        +--+  +-------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
           |  |                                
           +--+  +----- Lampsilis_hydiana      
              |  |                             
              |  +----- Lampsilis_straminea    
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                 |  |                          
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_radiata      
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Lampsilis[1]           
                    |                          
                    +-- Lampsilis[2]           

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 72 13 4 --
                             +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  +--------------------------+                              
  |                          +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                                         
--+                          +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  +--+                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                             
           +--+              +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  +-----------+                              
              |  |           +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    |  +-----+                              
                    |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_powellii         

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1, 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 74 7 3 --
     +-------- Amblema_plicata        
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Cambarunio_iris        
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |                                   
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Elliptio_complanata    
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
        +--+                          
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata       

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2, 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 74 7 3 --
     +-------- Amblema_plicata        
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Cambarunio_iris        
  |                                   
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **     
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
        +--+                          
           +-- Elliptio_complanata    

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 13 13 4 --
  +-------- Amblema_plicata      
  |                              
--+     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |  +--+                        
  |  |  +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme  
     +--+                        
        +-- Elliptio_complanata  

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 51 13 4 --
                             +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------+                              
  |                          +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  |                                                         
--+                          +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                             
           +--+              +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
              |  +-----------+                              
              |  |           +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    |  +-----+                              
                    |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 18 7 3 --
                 +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  +--------------+                              
  |              +-- Megalonaias_nervosa **        
  |                                             
--+              +-- Elliptio_crassidens        
  |  +-----------+                              
  |  |           +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------- Amblema_plicata            
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Potamilus_streckersoni     
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
              +--+                              
                 +-- Lampsilis_cardium          

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4, S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 94 15 4 --
                             +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------+                              
  |                          +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  |                                                         
--+                          +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                             
           |  |           +----- Potamilus_leptodon         
           +--+  +--------+                                 
              |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  |        +--+                              
              |  |           +-- Potamilus_streckersoni     
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |     +----- Lampsilis_ornata           
                 +--+  +--+                                 
                    |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    |  |  +--+                              
                    +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cariosa          
                       |                                    
                       |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4, S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 95 15 4 --
                             +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------+                              
  |                          +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  |                                                         
--+                          +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                             
           |  |           +----- Potamilus_leptodon         
           +--+  +--------+                                 
              |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  |        +--+                              
              |  |           +-- Potamilus_streckersoni     
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |     +----- Lampsilis_ornata           
                 +--+  +--+                                 
                    |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    |  |  +--+                              
                    +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cariosa          
                       |                                    
                       |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a, S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 90 15 4 --
                             +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------+                              
  |                          +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  |                                                         
--+                          +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                             
           |  |           +----- Potamilus_leptodon         
           +--+  +--------+                                 
              |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  |        +--+                              
              |  |           +-- Potamilus_streckersoni     
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |     +----- Lampsilis_ornata           
                 +--+  +--+                                 
                    |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    |  |  +--+                              
                    +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cariosa          
                       |                                    
                       |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b, S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 90 15 4 --
                             +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------------+                              
  |                          +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  |                                                         
--+                          +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                      
     |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                             
           |  |           +----- Potamilus_leptodon         
           +--+  +--------+                                 
              |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  |        +--+                              
              +--+           +-- Potamilus_streckersoni     
                 |                                          
                 |  +----------- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+  +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                    |  |                                    
                    |  |     +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
                    +--+-----+                              
                       |     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
                       |                                    
                       |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata           
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                          +--+                              
                             +-- Lampsilis_cariosa          

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 50 10 4 --
                       +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  +--------------------+                              
  |                    +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus **      
  |                                                   
--+                    +-- Elliptio_complanata        
  |  +-----------------+                              
  |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
  +--+                                                
     |  +----------------- Amblema_plicata            
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +-------------- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +----------- Toxolasma_parvum           
           |  |                                       
           +--+        +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
              |  +-----+                              
              |  |     +-- Potamilus_alatus           
              +--+                                    
                 |  +----- Leaunio_lienosus           
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    +--+                              
                       +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 16 3 --
           +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **         
  +--------+                                   
  |        |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata          
  |        +--+                                
  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia       
  |           +--+                             
--+              +-- Fusconaia_flava           
  |                                            
  |  +-------------- Amblema_plicata           
  |  |                                         
  |  |  +----------- Ligumia_recta             
  |  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Truncilla_truncata        
     |  |                                      
     |  |        +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
     |  +--------+                             
     +--+        +-- Sagittunio_nasutus        
        |                                      
        |     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
        |  +--+                                
        |  |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra      
        |  |  +--+                             
        |  |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens      
        +--+                                   
           |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
           |  |                                
           |  +----- Cambarunio_iris           
           +--+                                
              +----- Leaunio_vanuxemensis      
              |                                
              |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
              +--+                             
                 +-- Lampsilis_fasciola        

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 16 3 --
                    +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **         
  +-----------------+                                   
  |                 |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata          
  |                 +--+                                
  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia       
--+                    +--+                             
  |                       +-- Fusconaia_flava           
  |                                                     
  |  +----------------------- Amblema_plicata           
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +-------------------- Truncilla_truncata        
     |  |                                               
     +--+  +----------------- Ligumia_recta             
        |  |                                            
        |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
        +--+  +-----------+                             
           |  |           +-- Sagittunio_nasutus        
           |  |                                         
           +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
              |  |                                      
              |  |     +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
              +--+  +--+                                
                 |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
                 |  |  +--+                             
                 |  |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola        
                 +--+                                   
                    |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens      
                    |  +--+                             
                    |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra      
                    +--+                                
                       |  +-- Cambarunio_iris           
                       +--+                             
                          +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis      

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 10 3 --
  +-------- Toxolasma_lividum      
  |                                
  +-------- Amblema_plicata        
  |                                
  |     +-- Glebula_rotundata      
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
  |                                
--+  +----- Potamilus_alatus       
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Ligumia_recta          
  |                                
  |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |  |                             
  +--+  +-- Eurynia_dilatata       
     |  |                          
     +--+-- Pleurobema_clava       
        |                          
        +-- Fusconaia_flava        

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14.2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 10 3 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14.4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 10 3 --
        +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  +-----+                                
  |     |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata       
  |     +--+                             
  |        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava        
  |        +--+                          
--+           +-- Pleurobema_clava       
  |                                      
  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Glebula_rotundata      
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Toxolasma_lividum      
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Potamilus_alatus       
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ligumia_recta          
           +--+                          
              +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 10 3 --
  +----------- Amblema_plicata  
--+                             
  |  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata 
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Pleurobema_clava 
        +--+                    
           +-- Fusconaia_flava  

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4.2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 10 3 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4.3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 10 3 --
        +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  +-----+                                
  |     |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata       
  |     +--+                             
  |        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava        
  |        +--+                          
--+           +-- Pleurobema_clava       
  |                                      
  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Glebula_rotundata      
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Toxolasma_lividum      
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ligumia_recta          
           +--+                          
              +-- Potamilus_alatus       

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 28 3 --
  +----------------------- Uniomerus_declivis **       
  |                                                 
  +----------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus   
  |                                                 
  |  +-------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis  
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_cerina         
  |  |                                              
--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_flava          
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Hemistena_lata           
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Parvaspina_collina       
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum      
  |  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Pleuronaia_gibber        
  +--+                                              
     +-------------------- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]   
     |                                              
     +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile       
     |                                              
     |              +----- Elliptio_arca            
     +--------------+                               
     |              |  +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
     |              +--+                            
     |                 +-- Elliptio_arctata         
     |                                              
     |  +----------------- Pleurobema_decisum       
     |  |                                           
     |  +----------------- Pleurobema_clava         
     |  |                                           
     |  +----------------- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]   
     |  |                                           
     +--+              +-- Pleurobema_rubrum        
        +--------------+                            
        |              +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia      
        |                                           
        |  +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum   
        |  |                                        
        +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
              |  |                                  
              |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]
              +--+                                  
                 +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] 
                 |                                  
                 |  +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]
                 +--+                               
                    |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] 
                    +--+                            
                       +-- Pleurobema_athearni      

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 29 3 --
  +-------------- Uniomerus_declivis **       
  |                                        
  +-------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus   
  |                                        
  |           +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  |  +--------+                            
  |  |        +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |  |                                     
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum       
--+  |  |                                  
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
  |  |  |                                  
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] 
  |  |  |                                  
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_stabile       
  |  |  |                                  
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
  |  |  |                                  
  +--+  +-------- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]   
     |  |                                  
     |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]
     |  |                                  
     |  +-------- Pleuronaia_gibber        
     |  |                                  
     |  +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum[3] 
     |  |                                  
     |  +-------- Pleurobema_cordatum      
     |  |                                  
     |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum   
     |  |                                  
     |  +-------- Hemistena_lata           
     +--+                                  
        +-------- Fusconaia_flava          
        |                                  
        +-------- Fusconaia_cerina         
        |                                  
        +-------- Eurynia_dilatata         
        |                                  
        +-------- Elliptio_arca            
        |                                  
        +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis  
        |                                  
        |     +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
        +-----+                            
        |     +-- Parvaspina_collina       
        |                                  
        |     +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
        |     |                            
        +-----+-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] 
        |     |                            
        |     +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]
        |                                  
        |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]   
        |  |                               
        +--+----- Pleurobema_clava         
           |                               
           |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum        
           +--+                            
              +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia      

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 2 2 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 13 3 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1 ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 36 4 3 --
  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia
--+                               
  |  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Amblema_plicata    
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Truncilla_truncata 
        +--+                      
           +-- Lampsilis_cardium  

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1 MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 36 4 3 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  |                            
--+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia
  |                            
  |  +----- Amblema_plicata    
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium  
     +--+                      
        +-- Truncilla_truncata 

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 12 1 --
  +-------------- Elliptio               
  |                                      
  +-------------- Uniomerus_carolinianus ** 
--+                                      
  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
  |  |                                   
  +--+  +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
     |  |                                
     |  |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme[7]
     +--+  |                             
        |  |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[1]
        |  |  |                          
        +--+  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[2]
           |  |                          
           |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[3]
           |  |                          
           |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[4]
           +--+                          
              +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[5]
              |                          
              +-- Pleurobema[1]          
              |                          
              +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[6]
              |                          
              +-- Pleurobema[2]          

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 13 2 --
  +-------------------- Amblema_plicata        
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
--+                                            
  |  +----------------- Elliptio_crassidens    
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_flava        
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
        |  |                                   
        |  |        +-- Pleurobema_clava       
        +--+  +-----+                          
           |  |     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
           |  |                                
           +--+  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme[6]
              |  |                             
              |  |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[1]
              +--+  |                          
                 |  +-- Pleurobema             
                 |  |                          
                 |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[2]
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[3]
                    |                          
                    +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[4]
                    |                          
                    +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[5]

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1, 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 1 --
  +-------- Megalonaias_nervosa **
--+                            
  |  +----- Amblema_plicata    
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Amblema_neislerii  
     +--+                      
        +-- Amblema_elliottii  

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 14 3 --
                       +-- Eurynia_dilatata      
  +--------------------+                         
  |                    +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
  |                                              
  |              +-------- Paetulunio_fabalis    
--+  +-----------+                               
  |  |           |  +----- Amblema_plicata       
  |  |           +--+                            
  |  |              |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus       
  +--+              +--+                         
     |                 +-- Reginaia_rotulata     
     |                                           
     |  +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata      
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +-------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis  
        |  |                                     
        |  |           +-- Villosa_villosa       
        +--+-----------+                         
           |           +-- Cambarunio_iris       
           |                                     
           |  +----------- Obovaria_olivaria     
           +--+                                  
              |  +-------- Obovaria_arkansasensis
              +--+                               
                 |  +----- Obovaria_retusa       
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor     
                    +--+                         
                       +-- Obovaria_subrotunda   

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 4 3 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
--+                              
  |  +-------- Eurynia_dilatata  
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Amblema_plicata   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata  
        +--+                     
           +-- Truncilla_truncata

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 1 1 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata 
--+                   
  +-- Quadrula_nobilis **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 1 1 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata     
--+                       
  +-- Theliderma_metanevra **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 4 2 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
--+                              
  |  +-------- Amblema_plicata   
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Potamilus_alatus  
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium 
        +--+                     
           +-- Truncilla_truncata

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                              
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 3 3 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                              
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 17 4 2 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                    
--+-------- Parvaspina_collina         
  |                                    
  |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana        
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 2 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1 bottom

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                              
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1 top

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 1 1 --
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                              
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 31 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 27 2 --
  +----------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |                                                
  +----------------------- Uniomerus_declivis **      
  |                                                
  |                    +-- Parvaspina_steinstansana
  |                    |                           
  |                    +-- Parvaspina_collina[1]   
--+                    |                           
  |  +-----------------+-- Parvaspina_collina[2]   
  |  |                 |                           
  |  |                 +-- Parvaspina_collina[3]   
  |  |                 |                           
  |  |                 +-- Parvaspina_collina[4]   
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +----------------- Elliptio_arca           
     |  |                                          
     |  +----------------- Hemistena_lata          
     |  |                                          
     |  |              +-- Elliptio_arctata        
     |  +--------------+                           
     |  |              +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
     +--+                                          
        |  +-------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
        |  |                                       
        |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_oviforme     
        |  |  |                                    
        |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_clava        
        |  |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
           |  |                                    
           |  +----------- Pleurobema_georgianum   
           |  |                                    
           |  +----------- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
           |  |                                    
           |  +----------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  
           +--+                                    
              +----------- Pleurobema_decisum      
              |                                    
              |     +----- Pleurobema_rubellum     
              +-----+                              
              |     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
              |     +--+                           
              |        +-- Pleurobema_rubrum       
              |                                    
              |  +-------- Elliptio_spinosa        
              |  |                                 
              +--+  +----- Fusconaia_escambia      
                 |  |                              
                 |  +----- Fusconaia_flava         
                 +--+                              
                    +----- Fusconaia_cerina        
                    |                              
                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                    +--+                           
                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
--+                        
  |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon
  +--+                     
     +-- Lampsilis_ornata  

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 3 2 --
     +-- Fusconaia_flava            
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 1 1 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 2 1 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 1 1 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 1 1 --
  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                              
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **          

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
        +--+                              
           +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
--+                        
  |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon
  +--+                     
     +-- Lampsilis_ornata  

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 84 6 3 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
        +--+                              
           +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 52 8 3 --
-- Quadrula_quadrula

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 22 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 31 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
        +--+                              
           +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **    
--+                           
  |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
  +--+                        
     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **    
--+                           
  |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii   
  +--+                        
     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
        +--+                              
           +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 31 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
        +--+                              
           +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 38 4 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
--+                              
  |  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum  
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata  
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus  
        +--+                     
           +-- Potamilus_leptodon

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 44 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
        +--+                              
           +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 44 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
        +--+                              
           +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 41 41 3 --
  +----------------------------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                                                           
  |                                            +-- Amblema_plicata            
--+  +-----------------------------------------+                              
  |  |                                         +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
  |  |                                                                        
  +--+  +----------------------------------------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
     |  |                                                                     
     |  |  +-------------------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum          
     +--+  |                                                                  
        |  |                                +----- Popenaias_popeii           
        |  |  +-----------------------------+                                 
        +--+  |                             |  +-- Glebula_rotundata          
           |  |                             +--+                              
           |  |                                +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
           |  |                                                               
           |  |  +-------------------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa         
           +--+  |                                                            
              |  |                             +-- Medionidus_conradicus      
              |  |                          +--+                              
              |  |                          |  +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
              |  |  +-----------------------+                                 
              |  |  |                       |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria        
              |  |  |                       +--+                              
              +--+  |                          +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                 |  |                                                         
                 |  |                          +-- Hamiota_subangulata        
                 |  |     +--------------------+                              
                 |  |     |                    +-- Villosa_villosa            
                 |  |     |                                                   
                 |  |  +--+  +-------------------- Ligumia_recta              
                 |  |  |  |  |                                                
                 +--+  |  |  |              +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
                    |  |  +--+  +-----------+                                 
                    |  |     |  |           |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda        
                    |  |     |  |           +--+                              
                    |  |     +--+              +-- Epioblasma_rangiana        
                    |  |        |                                             
                    |  |        |  +-------------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa      
                    |  |        +--+                                          
                    |  |           |  +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                    |  |           +--+                                       
                    |  |              |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata            
                    |  |              +--+                                    
                    +--+                 |  +----- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis   
                       |                 +--+                                 
                       |                    |  +-- Lampsilis_satura           
                       |                    +--+                              
                       |                       +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                       |                                                      
                       |           +-------------- Atlanticoncha_ochracea     
                       |     +-----+                                          
                       |     |     |  +----------- Ellipsaria_lineolata       
                       |     |     +--+                                       
                       |     |        |  +-------- Truncilla_truncata         
                       |     |        +--+                                    
                       |     |           |  +----- Truncilla_cognata          
                       |     |           +--+                                 
                       +-----+              |  +-- Truncilla_macrodon         
                             |              +--+                              
                             |                 +-- Truncilla_donaciformis     
                             |                                                
                             |  +----------------- Potamilus_capax            
                             |  |                                             
                             |  |           +----- Potamilus_inflatus         
                             +--+  +--------+                                 
                                |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_fragilis         
                                |  |        +--+                              
                                |  |           +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
                                +--+                                          
                                   |        +----- Potamilus_ohiensis         
                                   |  +-----+                                 
                                   |  |     |  +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus     
                                   |  |     +--+                              
                                   +--+        +-- Potamilus_streckersoni     
                                      |                                       
                                      |  +-------- Potamilus_metnecktayi      
                                      +--+                                    
                                         |  +----- Potamilus_purpuratus[1]    
                                         +--+                                 
                                            |  +-- Potamilus_purpuratus[2]    
                                            +--+                              
                                               +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 121 3 3 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata    
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Lampsilis_cardium  
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 35 6 3 --
  +-- Amblema_plicata        
  |                          
  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |                          
  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |                          
--+-- Cambarunio_iris        
  |                          
  +-- Elliptio_complanata    
  |                          
  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
  |                          
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **      

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 49 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
        +--+                              
           +-- Potamilus_leptodon         

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 28 3 --
  +-------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                                      
  |                       +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
  |  +--------------------+                              
  |  |                    +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
--+  |                                                   
  |  |                 +----- Amblema_plicata            
  |  |  +--------------+                                 
  |  |  |              |  +-- Amblema_elliottii          
  |  |  |              +--+                              
  +--+  |                 +-- Amblema_neislerii          
     |  |                                                
     |  |              +----- Popenaias_popeii           
     |  |           +--+                                 
     |  |           |  |  +-- Popenaias_berezai          
     |  |           |  +--+                              
     |  |           |     +-- Popenaias_semirasa         
     +--+           |                                    
        |  +--------+     +-- Psoronaias_profunda        
        |  |        |     |                              
        |  |        |     +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa[1]  
        |  |        |     |                              
        |  |        |     +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa[2]  
        |  |        |     |                              
        |  |        +-----+-- Psoronaias_guatemalensis[1]
        |  |              |                              
        |  |              +-- Psoronaias_guatemalensis[2]
        +--+              |                              
           |              +-- Psoronaias_percompressa    
           |              |                              
           |              +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa[3]  
           |                                             
           |              +-- Glebula_rotundata          
           |  +-----------+                              
           |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +----------- Potamilus_alatus           
              |  |                                       
              |  |        +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
              +--+  +-----+                              
                 |  |     +-- Truncilla_truncata         
                 |  |                                    
                 |  |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                 +--+  |                                 
                    |  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra       
                    |  |                                 
                    |  +----- Lampsilis_cardium          
                    |  |                                 
                    +--+----- Ligumia_recta              
                       |                                 
                       +----- Cambarunio_iris            
                       |                                 
                       +----- Pachynaias_spheniopsis     
                       |                                 
                       |  +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata       
                       +--+                              
                          +-- Sphenonaias_microdon       

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 28 3 --
  +----------------------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                                                     
  |                                      +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
  |  +-----------------------------------+                              
--+  |                                   +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
  |  |                                                                  
  |  |                                +----- Amblema_neislerii          
  |  |  +-----------------------------+                                 
  |  |  |                             |  +-- Amblema_plicata            
  +--+  |                             +--+                              
     |  |                                +-- Amblema_elliottii          
     |  |                                                               
     |  |                             +----- Popenaias_popeii           
     |  |                    +--------+                                 
     |  |                    |        |  +-- Popenaias_berezai          
     |  |                    |        +--+                              
     +--+                    |           +-- Popenaias_semirasa         
        |  +-----------------+                                          
        |  |                 |  +----------- Psoronaias_profunda        
        |  |                 |  |                                       
        |  |                 |  |     +----- Psoronaias_guatemalensis[1]
        |  |                 +--+  +--+                                 
        |  |                    |  |  |  +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa[1]  
        |  |                    |  |  +--+                              
        |  |                    +--+     +-- Psoronaias_percompressa    
        +--+                       |                                    
           |                       |  +----- Psoronaias_semigranosa[3]  
           |                       +--+                                 
           |                          |  +-- Psoronaias_guatemalensis[2]
           |                          +--+                              
           |                             +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa[2]  
           |                                                            
           |  +----------------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
           |  |                                                         
           +--+  +-------------------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
              |  |                                                      
              +--+  +----------------------- Ligumia_recta              
                 |  |                                                   
                 +--+  +-------------------- Potamilus_alatus           
                    |  |                                                
                    +--+  +----------------- Pachynaias_spheniopsis     
                       |  |                                             
                       |  |              +-- Epioblasma_triquetra       
                       +--+  +-----------+                              
                          |  |           +-- Truncilla_truncata         
                          |  |                                          
                          +--+           +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                             |  +--------+                              
                             |  |        +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
                             +--+                                       
                                |  +-------- Cambarunio_iris            
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +----- Sphenonaias_microdon[2]    
                                   +--+                                 
                                      |  +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata       
                                      +--+                              
                                         +-- Sphenonaias_microdon[1]    

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 27 4 --
  +-------------------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                                                              
  |                                   +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
--+  +--------------------------------+                          
  |  |                                +-- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
  |  |                                                           
  |  |                             +----- Reginaia_ebenus        
  +--+  +--------------------------+                             
     |  |                          |  +-- Amblema_plicata        
     |  |                          +--+                          
     |  |                             +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
     +--+                                                        
        |                             +-- Popenaias_popeii       
        |  +--------------------------+                          
        |  |                          +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa 
        |  |                                                     
        +--+  +-------------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa     
           |  |                                                  
           |  |  +----------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
           +--+  |                                               
              |  |                    +-- Pachynaias_spheniopsis 
              |  |  +-----------------+                          
              +--+  |                 +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                 |  |                                            
                 |  |        +----------- Ellipsaria_lineolata   
                 |  |  +-----+                                   
                 +--+  |     |  +-------- Truncilla_truncata     
                    |  |     +--+                                
                    |  |        |  +----- Truncilla_donaciformis 
                    |  |        +--+                             
                    |  |           |  +-- Truncilla_cognata      
                    |  |           +--+                          
                    +--+              +-- Truncilla_macrodon     
                       |                                         
                       |  +-------------- Atlanticoncha_ochracea 
                       |  |                                      
                       |  |           +-- Potamilus_fragilis     
                       |  |     +-----+                          
                       |  |     |     +-- Potamilus_leptodon     
                       +--+  +--+                                
                          |  |  |  +----- Potamilus_metnecktayi  
                          |  |  +--+                             
                          |  |     |  +-- Potamilus_alatus       
                          |  |     +--+                          
                          +--+        +-- Potamilus_purpuratus   
                             |                                   
                             |        +-- Potamilus_capax        
                             |  +-----+                          
                             |  |     +-- Potamilus_inflatus     
                             +--+                                
                                |  +----- Potamilus_ohiensis     
                                +--+                             
                                   |  +-- Potamilus_streckersoni 
                                   +--+                          
                                      +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus 

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 27 4 --
  +----------------------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **      
  |                                                                 
  |                                      +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
--+  +-----------------------------------+                          
  |  |                                   +-- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
  |  |                                                              
  |  |                                +----- Reginaia_ebenus        
  +--+  +-----------------------------+                             
     |  |                             |  +-- Amblema_plicata        
     |  |                             +--+                          
     |  |                                +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus 
     +--+                                                           
        |                                +-- Popenaias_popeii       
        |  +-----------------------------+                          
        |  |                             +-- Psoronaias_semigranosa 
        |  |                                                        
        +--+  +----------------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa     
           |  |                                                     
           |  |  +-------------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
           +--+  |                                                  
              |  |                       +-- Pachynaias_spheniopsis 
              |  |  +--------------------+                          
              +--+  |                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                 |  |                                               
                 |  |           +----------- Ellipsaria_lineolata   
                 |  |  +--------+                                   
                 +--+  |        |  +-------- Truncilla_truncata     
                    |  |        +--+                                
                    |  |           |  +----- Truncilla_donaciformis 
                    |  |           +--+                             
                    |  |              |  +-- Truncilla_cognata      
                    +--+              +--+                          
                       |                 +-- Truncilla_macrodon     
                       |                                            
                       |  +----------------- Atlanticoncha_ochracea 
                       |  |                                         
                       |  |              +-- Potamilus_capax        
                       +--+  +-----------+                          
                          |  |           +-- Potamilus_inflatus     
                          |  |                                      
                          |  |        +----- Potamilus_ohiensis     
                          +--+  +-----+                             
                             |  |     |  +-- Potamilus_streckersoni 
                             |  |     +--+                          
                             |  |        +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus 
                             +--+                                   
                                |        +-- Potamilus_fragilis     
                                |  +-----+                          
                                |  |     +-- Potamilus_leptodon     
                                +--+                                
                                   |  +----- Potamilus_metnecktayi  
                                   +--+                             
                                      |  +-- Potamilus_alatus       
                                      +--+                          
                                         +-- Potamilus_purpuratus   

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 19 1 --
  +-------------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **       
  |                                                   
--+  +----------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |  |                                                
  |  |  +-------------------- Elliptio_crassidens     
  +--+  |                                             
     |  +-------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------- Parvaspina_steinstansana
        |  |                                          
        |  |              +-- Hemistena_lata          
        |  +--------------+                           
        |  |              +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
        +--+                                          
           |              +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
           |  +-----------+                           
           |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava        
           |  |                                       
           |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
           +--+  |                                    
              |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cor           
              |  +--------+                           
              |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Fusconaia_flava         
                 |  |                                 
                 |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                 |  |                                 
                 |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                 +--+-----+                           
                    |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    |                                 
                    |     +-- Fusconaia_iheringi      
                    |  +--+                           
                    |  |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli     
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi        
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Fusconaia_chunii        

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 3 1 --
  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Toxolasma_parvum           
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 6 1 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
--+                                    
  |  +----------- Toxolasma_parvum     
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon   
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                        
              +-- Lampsilis_powellii   

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F, 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 48 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+  +-------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                    
  +--+     +-- Potamilus_alatus           
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon         
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
        +--+                              
           +-- Lampsilis_ornata           

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M, 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 22 2 1 --
  +----- Quadrula_quadrula **          
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  +--+                              
     +-- Potamilus_alatus           

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 35 6 1 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                          
--+  +----------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------- Potamilus_leptodon         
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
           +--+                              
              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 38 6 1 --
  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                          
--+  +----------- Toxolasma_parvum           
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------- Potamilus_leptodon         
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium          
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ornata           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
           +--+                              
              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 5 1 --
  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **          
  |                                       
--+        +-- Potamilus_streckersoni     
  |  +-----+                              
  |  |     +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Lampsilis_powellii         
        +--+                              
           +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 1 1 --
  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
--+                        
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **    

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 1 1 --
  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
--+                        
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula **    

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 5 2 --
           +-- Elliptio_complanata
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
--+                               
  |  +-------- Obliquaria_reflexa 
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Truncilla_truncata 
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium  
        +--+                      
           +-- Potamilus_alatus   

Page updated: 11:00:29 Thu 21 Mar 2024

 
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