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Page last updated
Thu 21 Mar 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini

genus Pleurobema Rafinesque, 1819: cladomics
     30 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 30

analyzed in 94 cladograms in 56 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 79, mean = 4.68

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 29
maximum number of included terminals = 79, mean = 12.93
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.45


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1, 3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
79 129 46 79 126 78 8 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |                                                             
  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
  |                                                             
  +----------------------------------- Hemistena_lata           
  |                                                             
  |                                +-- Elliptio_complanata      
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis    
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta[1]     
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_shepardiana     
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_angustata       
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_arca            
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_jayensis        
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |                                |                            
  +--------------------------------+-- Elliptio_dariensis       
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_fisheriana      
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_folliculata     
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_fumata          
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_icterina        
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli      
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta[2]     
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_pullata         
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_purpurella      
  |                                |                            
  |                                +-- Elliptio_congaraea       
  |                                                             
--+                                +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
  |                                |                            
  |  +-----------------------------+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
  |  |                             |                            
  |  |                             +-- Pleuronaia_gibber        
  |  |                                                          
  |  |     +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum **        
  |  |     |                                                    
  |  |     |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **       
  |  |     |  |                                                 
  |  |     |  |                 +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme **     
  |  |  +--+  |              +--+                               
  |  |  |  |  |              |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] ** 
  |  |  |  |  |              |  +--+                            
  |  |  |  |  |  +-----------+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni **      
  |  |  |  |  |  |           |                                  
  |  |  |  +--+  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum **       
  |  |  |     |  |           |  |                               
  |  |  |     |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] ** 
  |  |  |     |  |              |  |                            
  |  |  |     |  |              +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1] **
  |  |  |     |  |                 |                            
  |  |  |     |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2] **
  |  |  |     |  |                                              
  |  |  |     +--+     +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum[2] **
  |  |  |        |     |                                        
  |  |  |        |  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum[2] ** 
  |  |  |        |  |  |  |                                     
  |  |  |        |  |  +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum **      
  |  |  |        |  |     |                                     
  |  |  |        |  |     |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum[1] **
  |  |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
  |  |  |        |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_taitianum **     
  |  |  |        |  |        +--+                               
  |  |  |        |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **     
  |  |  |        +--+           +--+                            
  |  |  |           |              +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum[1] ** 
  |  |  |           |                                           
  |  |  |           |           +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[6] **   
  |  |  |           |           |                               
  |  |  |           |        +--+----- Pleurobema_clava[3] **      
  |  |  |           |        |  |                               
  |  |  |           |        |  |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[5] **   
  |  |  |           |        |  +--+                            
  |  |  |           +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_clava[2] **      
  +--+  |                    |                                  
     |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[2] **   
     |  |                    |  |                               
     |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[3] **   
     |  |                    +--+                               
     |  |                       +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[4] **   
     |  |                       |                               
     |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_clava[1] **      
     |  |                       +--+                            
     |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1] **   
     |  |                                                       
     |  |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum **      
     |  |  |                                                    
     |  |  |                    +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
     |  |  |  +-----------------+                               
     |  +--+  |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cor            
     |  |  |  |                 +--+                            
     |  |  |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
     |  |  |  |                                                 
     |  |  |  |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis     
     |  |  +--+  |                                              
     |  |     |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
     |  |     |  |  +--------------+                            
     |  |     |  |  |              +-- Fusconaia_burkei         
     |  |     |  |  |                                           
     |  |     |  |  |           +----- Fusconaia_flava[27]      
     |  |     |  |  |           |                               
     |  |     +--+  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_iheringi       
     |  |        |  |           +--+                            
     |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli      
     |  |        |  +-----------+                               
     |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]      
     |  |        |  |           |  |                            
     |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[2]      
     |  |        |  |           |  |                            
     |  |        +--+           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[3]      
     |  |           |           +--+                            
     |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi[4]      
     |  |           |              |                            
     |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi[5]      
     |  |           |              |                            
     |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_chunii         
     |  |           |                                           
     +--+           |  +-------------- Fusconaia_masoni         
        |           |  |                                        
        |           |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava[26]      
        |           |  |  |                                     
        |           |  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cerina[8]      
        |           +--+  |  +-----+                            
        |              |  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava[25]      
        |              |  |  |                                  
        |              |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[5]       
        |              |  |  |  |                               
        |              |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[6]       
        |              +--+  |  |                               
        |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[7]       
        |                 |  |  |                               
        |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[8]       
        |                 |  |  |                               
        |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[4]      
        |                 |  |  |                               
        |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[9]       
        |                 |  |  |                               
        |                 +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava[10]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[11]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[12]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[13]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[14]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[15]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[16]      
        |                    |  |                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[17]      
        |                    +--+                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[18]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[19]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[20]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[21]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[22]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[23]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[24]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[5]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[6]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[7]      
        |                       |                               
        |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]       
        |                       |  |                            
        |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[2]       
        |                       |  |                            
        |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]       
        |                       |  |                            
        |                       +--+-- Fusconaia_flava[4]       
        |                          |                            
        |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]      
        |                          |                            
        |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]      
        |                          |                            
        |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[3]      
        |                                                       
        |           +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii **     
        |           |                                           
        |           |  +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[21] **  
        |           |  |                                        
        |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[19] **  
        |           |  |  |                                     
        |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[20] **  
        |           |  |  |                                     
        +-----------+  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia[18] **  
                    |  |  |     |                               
                    |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[19] **    
                    |  |  |     |                               
                    |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[20] **    
                    |  |  +-----+                               
                    |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[21] **    
                    |  |  |     |                               
                    |  |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[17] **    
                    +--+  |     |  |                            
                       |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[16] **  
                       |  |     +--+                            
                       |  |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[17] **  
                       |  |        |                            
                       |  |        +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[18] **    
                       |  |                                     
                       |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[4] **            
                       |  |  |                                  
                       |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[5] **            
                       |  |  |                                  
                       |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[1] **   
                       |  |  |                                  
                       |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[8] **            
                       |  |  |                                  
                       |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[9] **            
                       +--+  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema[10] **           
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[3] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[4] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[5] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[6] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[7] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[8] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[9] **   
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[10] **  
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[11] **  
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[12] **  
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[13] **  
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[14] **  
                          |  |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[15] **  
                          |  |                                  
                          +--+-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[4] **     
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[5] **     
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[6] **     
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[7] **     
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[8] **     
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[9] **     
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[10] **    
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[11] **    
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[12] **    
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[13] **    
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[14] **    
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[15] **    
                             |                                  
                             +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[16] **    
                             |                                  
                             |     +-- Pleurobema[6] **            
                             +-----+                            
                             |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1] **     
                             |                                  
                             |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[2] **   
                             +-----+                            
                             |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2] **     
                             |                                  
                             |     +-- Pleurobema[7] **            
                             +-----+                            
                             |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[3] **     
                             |                                  
                             |  +----- Pleurobema[3] **            
                             +--+                               
                                |  +-- Pleurobema[1] **            
                                +--+                            
                                   +-- Pleurobema[2] **            

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 14 19 98 20 8 130.0
                          +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  +-----------------------+                               
  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca            
  |                       +--+                            
  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |                                                       
  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata         
  |  +-----------------------+                            
  |  |                       +-- Parvaspina_collina       
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                    +----- Pleuronaia_gibber        
  |  +--------------------+                               
  |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
--+  |                    +--+                            
  |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
  |  |                                                    
  |  |              +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
  |  |              |                                     
  |  |              |        +-- Fusconaia_cor            
  |  +--------------+  +-----+                            
  |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
  |  |              |  |                                  
  |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]      
  |  |              +--+     |                            
  |  |                 |  +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]      
  +--+                 |  |  |                            
     |                 |  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava          
     |                 +--+                               
     |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]      
     |                    |  |                            
     |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]      
     |                    +--+                            
     |                       +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]      
     |                       |                            
     |                       +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
     |                                                    
     |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2] **     
     |                    +--+                            
     |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **      
     |  +-----------------+                               
     |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1] **     
     |  |                 +--+                            
     |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **      
     +--+                                                 
        |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **     
        |  |                                              
        |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] ** 
        |  |                 |                            
        +--+  +--------------+-- Pleurobema_georgianum[3] ** 
           |  |              |                            
           |  |              +-- Pleurobema_athearni **      
           |  |                                           
           |  |           +----- Pleurobema_decisum **       
           +--+           |                               
              |  +--------+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1] **
              |  |        |  |                            
              |  |        +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2] **
              |  |           |                            
              |  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] ** 
              +--+                                        
                 |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1] **   
                 |           |                            
                 |  +--------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme[2] **   
                 |  |        |                            
                 +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava **         
                    |                                     
                    |  +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum **    
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **      
                       +--+                               
                          |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **     
                          +--+                            
                             +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **     

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 39 29 19 21 21 7 124.0
  +----------------------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                                            
  |  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum **       
  |  |                                                         
--+  |                             +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |  |                       +-----+                           
  |  |                       |     +-- Hemistena_lata          
  |  |  +--------------------+                                 
  +--+  |                    |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata        
     |  |                    +--+                              
     |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
     |  |                       +--+                           
     |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
     |  |                                                      
     |  |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum[2] **  
     +--+  |                                                   
        |  |           +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
        |  |           |                                       
        |  |           |           +-- Fusconaia_cor           
        |  |           |  +--------+                           
        |  |  +--------+  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
        |  |  |        |  |                                    
        |  |  |        |  |  +-------- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
        |  |  |        |  |  |                                 
        +--+  |        +--+  +-------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
           |  |           |  |                                 
           |  |           |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
           |  |           |  |                                 
           |  |           |  |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi        
           |  |           +--+--+                              
           |  |              |  |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
           |  |              |  +--+                           
           |  |              |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
           |  |              |                                 
           +--+              |     +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      
              |              |     |                           
              |              +-----+-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     
              |                    |                           
              |                    +-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
              |                                                
              |              +-------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
              |              |                                 
              |  +-----------+  +----- Pleurobema_riddellii **    
              |  |           |  |                              
              |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum[1] **  
              |  |              |  |                           
              |  |              |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **       
              |  |              +--+                           
              |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[1] **  
              +--+                 |                           
                 |                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[2] **  
                 |                                             
                 |              +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                 |  +-----------+                              
                 |  |           |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                 |  |           +--+                           
                 |  |              +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                 +--+                                          
                    |              +-- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
                    |  +-----------+                           
                    |  |           +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
                    |  |                                       
                    +--+           +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
                       |  +--------+                           
                       |  |        +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
                       |  |                                    
                       +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
                          |  +-----+                           
                          |  |     +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
                          |  |                                 
                          +--+  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
                             |  |                              
                             |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
                             +--+                              
                                +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
                                |                              
                                |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
                                +--+                           
                                   +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 29 24 18 97 18 8 124.0
  +----------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |                                                       
  +----------------------------- Parvaspina_collina       
  |                                                       
  |                          +-- Elliptio_arca            
  +--------------------------+                            
  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |                                                       
  |  +-------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
--+  |                                                    
  |  +-------------------------- Hemistena_lata           
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1] **     
  |  |                    +--+                            
  |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **      
  |  |  +-----------------+                               
  |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2] **     
  |  |  |                 +--+                            
  +--+  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **      
     |  |                                                 
     |  |        +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
     |  |        |                                        
     |  |        |           +-- Fusconaia_cor            
     |  +--------+  +--------+                            
     |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
     |  |        |  |                                     
     |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina         
     |  |           |  +-----+                            
     |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava          
     +--+           +--+                                  
        |              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]      
        |              +--+                               
        |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
        |                 +--+                            
        |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]      
        |                                                 
        |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber        
        |  +--------------+                               
        |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
        |  |              +--+                            
        |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
        |  |                                              
        |  |           +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **      
        +--+  +--------+                                  
           |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum **    
           |  |        +--+                               
           |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **     
           |  |           +--+                            
           |  |              +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **     
           +--+                                           
              |              +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1] **   
              |              |                            
              |  +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme[2] **   
              |  |           |                            
              |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava **         
              +--+                                        
                 |  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **     
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+        +-- Pleurobema_athearni **      
                    |  +-----+                            
                    |  |     +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] ** 
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum **       
                       |  |                               
                       +--+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1] **
                          |  |                            
                          +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2] **
                             |                            
                             +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] ** 

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 14 18 11 9 7 128.0
                             +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
  +--------------------------+                           
  |                          +-- Fusconaia_flava         
  |                                                      
  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
--+  +-----------------------+                           
  |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  |                                                   
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
  +--+                    +--+                           
     |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1] **    
     |  +-----------------+                              
     |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2] **    
     |  |                 +--+                           
     +--+                    +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
        |                                                
        |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
           |  |                                          
           |  |           +----- Pleurobema_decisum **      
           +--+  +--------+                              
              |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
              |  |        +--+                           
              |  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] **
              +--+                                       
                 |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] **
                 |  +--------+                           
                 |  |        +-- Pleurobema_athearni **     
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
                    |  +-----+                           
                    |  |     +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
                    |  |                                 
                    +--+  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
                       |  |                              
                       |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
                       +--+                              
                          +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
                          |                              
                          |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
                          +--+                           
                             +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 32 25 18 20 18 6 120.0
                             +----- Eurynia_dilatata      
  +--------------------------+                            
  |                          |  +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus   
  |                          +--+                         
  |                             +-- Elliptio_crassidens   
  |                                                       
  |  +----------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum **     
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                          +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana 
--+  +--------------------------+                         
  |  |                          +-- Pleuronaia_gibber     
  |  |                                                    
  |  |              +-------------- Pleurobema_stabile **    
  |  |              |                                     
  |  |              |           +-- Pleurobema_rubellum **   
  |  |              |     +-----+                         
  |  |              |     |     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum ** 
  +--+  +-----------+  +--+                               
     |  |           |  |  |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **
     |  |           |  |  +--+                            
     |  |           |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **  
     |  |           |  |     +--+                         
     |  |           +--+        +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **  
     |  |              |                                  
     |  |              |        +-- Pleurobema_clava **      
     |  |              |  +-----+                         
     |  |              |  |     +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **   
     |  |              |  |                               
     |  |              +--+     +-- Pleurobema_decisum **    
     +--+                 |  +--+                         
        |                 |  |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **
        |                 +--+                            
        |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **  
        |                    +--+                         
        |                       +-- Pleurobema_georgianum ** 
        |                                                 
        |                    +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia[1] **
        |                    |                            
        |  +-----------------+  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum[2] **
        |  |                 |  |                         
        |  |                 +--+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[2] **
        |  |                    |                         
        +--+                    +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **     
           |                                              
           |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum[1] **
           |  |                                           
           +--+  +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda  
              |  |                                        
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cor         
              +--+  +-----------+                         
                 |  |           +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus    
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+  +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis  
                    |  |                                  
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni      
                    +--+  +-----+                         
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]    
                       |  |                               
                       +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava[1]    
                          |  |                            
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[4]   
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]   
                             |  |                         
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]   
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Fusconaia_cerina[3]   
                                |                         
                                +-- Fusconaia_flava[2]    

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 26 17 17 11 9 7 128.0
                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
                    |                           
        +-----------+-- Pleurobema_rubrum **       
        |           |                           
        |           +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
        |                                       
  +-----+           +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
  |     |  +--------+                           
  |     |  |        +-- Fusconaia_flava         
  |     |  |                                    
  |     +--+  +-------- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |        |  |                                 
  |        |  |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |        +--+  |                              
  |           |  +----- Hemistena_lata          
  |           |  |                              
  |           +--+----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
--+              |                              
  |              +----- Parvaspina_collina      
  |              |                              
  |              |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
  |              +--+                           
  |                 +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
  |  |                                          
  |  |  +-------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
  |  |  |                                       
  +--+  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] **
     |  +-----------+                           
     |  |           +-- Pleurobema_athearni **     
     |  |                                       
     |  |        +----- Pleurobema_decisum **      
     +--+--------+                              
        |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
        |        +--+                           
        |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] **
        |                                       
        |           +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
        |  +--------+                           
        |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
        +--+                                    
           |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
           |  |                                 
           +--+-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
              |                                 
              |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 26 4 17 13 10 7 131.0
           +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  +--------+                            
  |        +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |                                     
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum **       
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **      
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] ** 
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_stabile **       
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **     
  |  |                                  
--+  +-------- Pleurobema_oviforme[2] **   
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2] **
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleuronaia_gibber        
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum[3] ** 
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_cordatum **      
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum **   
  |  |                                  
  |  +-------- Hemistena_lata           
  +--+                                  
     +-------- Fusconaia_flava          
     |                                  
     +-------- Fusconaia_cerina         
     |                                  
     +-------- Eurynia_dilatata         
     |                                  
     +-------- Elliptio_arca            
     |                                  
     +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis  
     |                                  
     |     +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
     +-----+                            
     |     +-- Parvaspina_collina       
     |                                  
     |     +-- Pleurobema_athearni **      
     |     |                            
     +-----+-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] ** 
     |     |                            
     |     +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1] **
     |                                  
     |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[1] **   
     |  |                               
     +--+----- Pleurobema_clava **         
        |                               
        |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **        
        +--+                            
           +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 41 35 17 57 25 8 124.0
  +----------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |                                                            
  |  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
  |  |                                                         
  |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
  |  |                 +-----------+                           
--+  |                 |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
  |  |                 |                                       
  |  |  +--------------+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
  |  |  |              |  |                                    
  |  |  |              |  |        +-- Pleurobema_athearni **     
  |  |  |              |  |     +--+                           
  +--+  |              +--+     |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
     |  |                 |  +--+                              
     |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
     |  |                 |  |  +--+                           
     |  |                 |  |     +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
     |  |                 +--+                                 
     |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
     |  |                    |  |                              
     |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
     |  |                    +--+                              
     |  |                       +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
     +--+                       |                              
        |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
        |                       +--+                           
        |                          +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    
        |                                                      
        |                    +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii **    
        |  +-----------------+                                 
        |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
        |  |                 +--+                              
        |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **       
        |  |                    +--+                           
        |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
        |  |                                                   
        |  |        +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
        |  |        |                                          
        +--+  +-----+              +-- Fusconaia_cor           
           |  |     |  +-----------+                           
           |  |     |  |           +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
           |  |     +--+                                       
           |  |        |  +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
           |  |        |  |                                    
           |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
           |  |           |  +-----+                           
           |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
           |  |           +--+                                 
           +--+              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni        
              |              +--+                              
              |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
              |                 +--+                           
              |                    +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
              |                                                
              |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
              |  +--------------+                              
              |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
              |  |              +--+                           
              |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
              +--+                                             
                 |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
                 |  +--------------+                           
                 |  |              +-- Parvaspina_collina      
                 |  |                                          
                 +--+              +-- Hemistena_lata          
                    |  +-----------+                           
                    |  |           +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                    |  |                                       
                    +--+  +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana    
                       |  |                                    
                       |  |  +-------- Elliptio_complanata     
                       +--+  |                                 
                          |  |  +----- Elliptio_purpurella     
                          |  +--+                              
                          |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                          +--+  +--+                           
                             |     +-- Elliptio_arctata        
                             |                                 
                             |     +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli     
                             |     |                           
                             +-----+-- Elliptio_pullata        
                                   |                           
                                   +-- Elliptio_crassidens     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 17 57 25 8 125.0
                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  +--------------------+                              
  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |                                                   
  |           +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
  |           |                                       
  |           |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
  |  +--------+  +-----+                              
--+  |        |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor           
  |  |        |  |     +--+                           
  |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
  |  |        +--+                                    
  |  |           |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
  |  |           |  +-----+                           
  |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
  |  |           +--+                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni        
  +--+              +--+                              
     |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
     |                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Fusconaia_flava         
     |                                                
     |              +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii **    
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **       
     |  |              +--+                           
     +--+                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
        |  |                                          
        |  |     +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
        |  |  +--+                                    
        +--+  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
           |  |  +--+                                 
           |  |     |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
           |  |     +--+                              
           |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
           +--+        +--+                           
              |           +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    
              |                                       
              |           +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
              |  +--------+                           
              |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni **     
                    |  +--+                           
                    |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 42 25 17 26 25 7 125.0
  +-------------------------------- Hemistena_lata          
  |                                                         
  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
  |                                                         
  |  +----------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  |                                                      
--+  |                    +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii **    
  |  |                    |                                 
  |  |  +-----------------+  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
  |  |  |                 |  |                              
  |  |  |                 +--+----- Pleurobema_rubrum[2] **    
  |  |  |                    |                              
  +--+  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
     |  |                    +--+                           
     |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1] **    
     |  |                                                   
     |  |  +----------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
     |  |  |                                                
     |  |  |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
     |  |  +-----------------+                              
     |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+  |                 +--+                           
        |  |                    +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
        |  |                                                
        |  |                 +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
        |  +-----------------+                              
        |  |                 |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
        |  |                 +--+                           
        |  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
        |  |                                                
        |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
        |  |           +--------+                           
        |  |           |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
        |  |           |                                    
        |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum **      
        +--+-----------+  |                                 
           |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
           |           |  |                                 
           |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
           |           +--+                                 
           |              +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
           |              |                                 
           |              |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
           |              |  |                              
           |              |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
           |              +--+                              
           |                 +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
           |                 |                              
           |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
           |                 +--+                           
           |                    +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    
           |                                                
           |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
           |  |                                             
           |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
           +--+  +--------------+                           
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
              |  |                                          
              |  |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
              +--+  |                                       
                 |  |     +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                 |  |     |                                 
                 |  |     |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                 |  |  +--+-----+                           
                 +--+  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    |  |  |                                 
                    |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina        
                    |  |  +--+                              
                    |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]     
                    |  |     +--+                           
                    +--+        +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                       |                                    
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[2]     
                       |        |                           
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[3]     
                       |        |                           
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[4]     
                       +--------+                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[1] 
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[2] 
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_askewi[5]     

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 27 9 16 13 10 7 134.0
  +-------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis  
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Fusconaia_cerina         
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Fusconaia_flava          
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Hemistena_lata           
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Parvaspina_collina       
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum **      
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Pleuronaia_gibber        
--+                                              
  +-------------------- Pleurobema_oviforme[2] **   
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **       
  |                                              
  |              +----- Elliptio_arca            
  +--------------+                               
  |              |  +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |              +--+                            
  |                 +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  |                                              
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_decisum **       
  |  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_clava **         
  |  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_oviforme[1] **   
  |  |                                           
  +--+              +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **        
     +--------------+                            
     |              +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **      
     |                                           
     |  +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum **   
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **     
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **      
           |  |                                  
           |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2] **
           +--+                                  
              +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] ** 
              |                                  
              |  +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1] **
              +--+                               
                 |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] ** 
                 +--+                            
                    +-- Pleurobema_athearni **      

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 19 17 16 28 22 7 129.0
           +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
           |                                             
           |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
  +--------+  +--------------+                           
  |        |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
  |        |  |                                          
  |        +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
  |           |  |                                       
  |           |  |     +-------- Fusconaia_askewi[3]     
  |           |  |  +--+                                 
  |           +--+  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi[2]     
  |              |  |  +--+                              
  |              |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_lananensis    
  |              |  |     +--+                           
  |              +--+        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]     
  |                 |                                    
  |                 |        +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
  |                 |  +-----+                           
--+                 |  |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
  |                 +--+                                 
  |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni        
  |                    +--+                              
  |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
  |                       +--+                           
  |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
  |                                                      
  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  +-----------------------+                           
  |  |                       +-- Hemistena_lata          
  |  |                                                   
  |  |                    +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  |              +-----+                              
  |  |              |     |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  +--+              |     +--+                           
     |  +-----------+        +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
     |  |           |                                    
     |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii **    
     |  |           +--+                                 
     |  |              |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
     |  |              +--+                              
     +--+                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **       
        |                 +--+                           
        |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
        |                                                
        |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
           |  |                                          
           |  |           +----- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
           +--+  +--------+                              
              |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
              |  |        +--+                           
              |  |           +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
              +--+                                       
                 |           +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
                 |  +--------+                           
                 |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
                 +--+                                    
                    |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
                    |  |                                 
                    +--+     +-- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
                       |  +--+                           
                       |  |  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
                          +--+                           
                             +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **    

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 3 11 2 1 1 126.0
  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia **    
  |                                   
--+  +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum **  
  |  |                                
  |  |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme[7] **
  +--+  |                             
     |  |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[1] **
     |  |  |                          
     +--+  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[2] **
        |  |                          
        |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[3] **
        |  |                          
        |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[4] **
        +--+                          
           +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[5] **
           |                          
           +-- Pleurobema[1] **          
           |                          
           +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[6] **
           |                          
           +-- Pleurobema[2] **          

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 4 10 4 2 2 126.0
  +----------------- Elliptio_crassidens    
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_flava        
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia **    
     |  |                                   
     |  |        +-- Pleurobema_clava **       
     +--+  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **  
        |  |                                
        +--+  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme[6] **
           |  |                             
           |  |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[1] **
           +--+  |                          
              |  +-- Pleurobema **             
              |  |                          
              |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[2] **
              +--+                          
                 +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[3] **
                 |                          
                 +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[4] **
                 |                          
                 +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme[5] **

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 10 27 25 6 125.0
                                      +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
                          +-----------+                           
                          |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
                          |                                       
                          |     +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
  +-----------------------+  +--+                                 
  |                       |  |  |  +----- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
  |                       |  |  +--+                              
  |                       |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
  |                       +--+     +--+                           
  |                          |        +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
  |                          |                                    
  |                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
  |                          +--+                                 
  |                             |  +----- Pleurobema_perovatum **    
  |                             +--+                              
--+                                |  +-- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
  |                                +--+                           
  |                                   +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
  |                                                               
  |                                +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  +-----------------------------+                              
  |  |                             |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  |                             +--+                           
  |  |                                +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |                                                            
  |  |                                +-- Fusconaia_masoni        
  +--+                             +--+                           
     |                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
     |  +--------------------------+                              
     |  |                          |  +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
     |  |                          +--+                           
     |  |                             +-- Fusconaia_cor           
     +--+                                                         
        |                             +-- Parvaspina_collina      
        |  +--------------------------+                           
        |  |                          +-- Parvaspina_steinstansana
        |  |                                                      
        +--+                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
           |  +-----------------------+                           
           |  |                       +-- Hemistena_lata          
           +--+                                                   
              |  +----------------------- Elliptio_producta[2]    
              |  |                                                
              +--+  +-------------------- Elliptio_producta[1]    
                 |  |                                             
                 +--+  +----------------- Elliptio_spinosa        
                    |  |                                          
                    |  |  +-------------- Elliptio_icterina       
                    +--+  |                                       
                       |  |     +-------- Elliptio_roanokensis    
                       |  |  +--+                                 
                       +--+  |  |  +----- Elliptio_complanata     
                          |  |  +--+                              
                          |  |     |  +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                          |  |     +--+                           
                          +--+        +-- Elliptio_pullata        
                             |                                    
                             |        +-- Elliptio_congaraea      
                             |  +-----+                           
                             |  |     +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis   
                             |  |                                 
                             +--+     +-- Elliptio_folliculata    
                                |  +--+                           
                                |  |  +-- Elliptio_jayensis       
                                +--+                              
                                   |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                                   +--+                           
                                      +-- Elliptio_arctata        

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 16 5 10 18 16 6 128.0
  +----------------- Elliptio_arca           
  |                                          
  +----------------- Hemistena_lata          
  |                                          
  |              +-- Elliptio_arctata        
  +--------------+                           
  |              +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  |                                       
  |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_oviforme **     
  |  |  |                                    
  |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_clava **        
  |  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------- Pleurobema_georgianum **   
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------- Pleurobema_beadleianum **  
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **  
     +--+                                    
        +----------- Pleurobema_decisum **      
        |                                    
        |     +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **     
        +-----+                              
        |     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
        |     +--+                           
        |        +-- Pleurobema_rubrum **       
        |                                    
        |  +-------- Elliptio_spinosa        
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----- Fusconaia_escambia      
           |  |                              
           |  +----- Fusconaia_flava         
           +--+                              
              +----- Fusconaia_cerina        
              |                              
              |  +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
              +--+                           
                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 25 23 6 37 20 8 127.0
  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |                                                                  
  |  +-------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
--+  |                                                               
  |  |                                +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
  |  |  +-----------------------------+                              
  +--+  |                             |  +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
     |  |                             +--+                           
     |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
     |  |                                                            
     +--+                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
        |  +-----------------------------+                           
        |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
        |  |                                                         
        |  |                             +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
        |  |                       +-----+                           
        +--+                       |     +-- Hemistena_lata          
           |  +--------------------+                                 
           |  |                    |  +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
           |  |                    +--+                              
           |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
           |  |                       +--+                           
           +--+                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
              |                                                      
              |                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
              |  +--------------------+                              
              |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
              |  |                    +--+                           
              +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                 |                                                   
                 |  +----------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
                 |  |                                                
                 +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                    |  |                                             
                    +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                       |  +--------------+                           
                       |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                       +--+                                          
                          |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                          |  |                                       
                          +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                             |  +--------+                           
                             |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                             +--+                                    
                                |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                +--+                                 
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                                   +--+                              
                                      |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                      +--+                           
                                         +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 6 37 20 8 126.0
  +----------------------- Hemistena_lata          
  |                                                
  +----------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |                                                
  |                    +-- Elliptio_arca           
  +--------------------+                           
  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
  |                                                
  |                    +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--------------------+                           
  |                    +-- Parvaspina_collina      
--+                                                
  |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  +--------------+                              
  |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  |              +--+                           
  |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |                                             
  |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
  |  |        +--------+                           
  |  |        |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
  |  +--------+                                    
  |  |        |  +-------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
  +--+        +--+                                 
     |           |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
     |           +--+                              
     |              |  +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
     |              +--+                           
     |                 +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
     |                                             
     |              +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
     |  +-----------+                              
     |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_cor           
     |  |           +--+                           
     +--+              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
        |                                          
        |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
        |  |                                       
        +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
           |  +--------+                           
           |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
           +--+                                    
              |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
              +--+                                 
                 |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                 +--+                              
                    |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                    +--+                           
                       +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 22 15 6 45 26 8 119.0
  +-------------------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                                         
  |                             +-- Hemistena_lata          
  +-----------------------------+                           
  |                             +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |                                                         
--+                          +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |                       +--+                           
  |  |                          +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  |                                                      
  |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_stabile **      
  +--+                    +-----+                           
     |                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
     |  +-----------------+                                 
     |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum **      
     |  |                 +--+                              
     |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
     +--+                    +--+                           
        |                       +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
        |                                                   
        |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
           |  |                                             
           |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
           +--+  +--------------+                           
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
              |  |                                          
              +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |           +-- Fusconaia_flava[6]      
                 |  |  +--------+                           
                 +--+  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni        
                    |  |                                    
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    |  |        |                           
                    +--+        +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]     
                       |  +-----+                           
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]     
                       |  |     |                           
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]     
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[5]      
                          |  |                              
                          |  |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                          +--+  |                           
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      
                             |  |                           
                             +--+-- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]      
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_flava[4]      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 25 23 6 37 20 8 125.0
  +-------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |                                                                     
--+  +----------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **      
  |  |                                                                  
  +--+  +-------------------------------------- Hemistena_lata          
     |  |                                                               
     +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
        |  |                                                            
        |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
        +--+  +-----------------------------+                           
           |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
           |  |                                                         
           |  |                          +----- Pleurobema_clava **        
           +--+  +-----------------------+                              
              |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum **      
              |  |                       +--+                           
              |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
              |  |                                                      
              +--+                    +-------- Parvaspina_collina      
                 |  +-----------------+                                 
                 |  |                 |  +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                 |  |                 +--+                              
                 |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                 |  |                    +--+                           
                 +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                    |                                                   
                    |                    +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                    |  +-----------------+                              
                    |  |                 |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                    |  |                 +--+                           
                    +--+                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                       |                                                
                       |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                       |  |                                             
                       +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                          |  +--------------+                           
                          |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                          +--+                                          
                             |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                             |  |                                       
                             +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                                |  +--------+                           
                                |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                   +--+                                 
                                      |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                                      +--+                              
                                         |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                         +--+                           
                                            +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 7 4 6 33 16 8 128.0
  +-------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                             
  +-------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |                                             
  |                 +-- Hemistena_lata          
  +-----------------+                           
  |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |                                             
  |              +----- Pleurobema_riddellii **    
--+           +--+                              
  |           |  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
  |           |  +--+                           
  |  +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **     
  |  |        |                                 
  |  |        |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |        |  |                              
  |  |        +--+  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **    
  |  |           |  |                           
  +--+           +--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **   
     |              |                           
     |              +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
     |                                          
     |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi        
     |  |                                       
     |  |           +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli     
     +--+  +--------+                           
        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_iheringi      
        |  |                                    
        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
           |  +-----+                           
           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
           +--+                                 
              |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 34 31 2 126.0
  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata       
  |                                                           
  |                             +----- Pleurobema_clava **       
  +-----------------------------+                             
  |                             |  +-- Pleurobema_riddellii **   
  |                             +--+                          
  |                                +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **    
--+                                                           
  |                             +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda   
  |  +--------------------------+                             
  |  |                          |  +-- Fusconaia_cor          
  |  |                          +--+                          
  |  |                             +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus     
  |  |                                                        
  +--+  +----------------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis   
     |  |                                                     
     |  |                 +----------- Fusconaia_cerina[3]    
     |  |                 |                                   
     |  |  +--------------+  +-------- Fusconaia_flava[1]     
     +--+  |              |  |                                
        |  |              +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava[3]     
        |  |                 |  |                             
        |  |                 +--+  +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]    
        |  |                    |  |                          
        |  |                    +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]    
        +--+                       |                          
           |                       +-- Fusconaia_flava[2]     
           |                                                  
           |  +----------------------- Fusconaia_masoni       
           |  |                                               
           |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei       
           |  +--------------------+                          
           +--+                    +-- Fusconaia_escambia     
              |                                               
              |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_mitchelli    
              |  |                                            
              +--+  +----------------- Fusconaia_chunii       
                 |  |                                         
                 |  |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi[9]    
                 +--+  |                                      
                    |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi[6]    
                    |  |  |                                   
                    +--+  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi[7]    
                       |  |                                   
                       |  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi[8]    
                       |  |                                   
                       |  +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis[5]
                       +--+                                   
                          +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis[6]
                          |                                   
                          |  +-------- Fusconaia_askewi[5]    
                          |  |                                
                          |  +-------- Fusconaia_lananensis[4]
                          |  |                                
                          +--+  +----- Fusconaia_askewi[2]    
                             |  |                             
                             |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi[3]    
                             |  |                             
                             +--+----- Fusconaia_askewi[4]    
                                |                             
                                |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]    
                                |  |                          
                                |  +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[1]
                                +--+                          
                                   +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[2]
                                   |                          
                                   +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[3]

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 1 1 1 126.0
  +-------- Fusconaia_cerina      
--+                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_riddellii **  
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pleurobema_beadleianum **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pleurobema_clava **      

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 37 4 4 127.0
  +----------- Elliptio_fumata      
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Pleuronaia_barnesiana
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Pleurobema_riddellii ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava      
        +--+                        
           +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 27 0 0 --
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme ** 
--+                       
  +-- Pleurobema_riddellii **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 24 0 0 --
  +-- Pleurobema_riddellii **
--+                       
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme ** 

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 42 6 5 --
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--------+                           
  |        +-- Hemistena_lata          
  |                                    
--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
  |  +-----+                           
  |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        +--+                           
           +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 41 6 5 --
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--------+                           
  |        +-- Hemistena_lata          
  |                                    
--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
  |  +-----+                           
  |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        +--+                           
           +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                      
     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  +--+                      
     +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  +--+                      
     +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 2 2 --
  +-- Eurynia_dilatata
  |                   
--+-- Pleurobema_clava **
  |                   
  +-- Fusconaia_flava 

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14.2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
-- Pleurobema_clava

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14.4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata
--+                      
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava 
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobema_clava **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata
--+                      
  |  +-- Pleurobema_clava **
  +--+                   
     +-- Fusconaia_flava 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 5 1 --
  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum ** 
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei[1]
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]
           +--+                      
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 5 1 --
  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum ** 
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei[1]
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]
           +--+                      
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 5 1 --
  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum ** 
  |                            
--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava    
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]
     +--+                      
        +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]
        |                      
        +-- Fusconaia_escambia 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 5 1 --
  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum ** 
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei[1]
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]
           +--+                      
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia 

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4.2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
-- Pleurobema_clava

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4.3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata
--+                      
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava 
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobema_clava **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 26 2 2 --
-- Pleurobema_pyriforme

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 --
  +-- Eurynia_dilatata    
--+                       
  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 --
-- Pleurobema_pyriforme

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 1 1 --
-- Pleurobema_pyriforme

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                      
  +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 55 3 3 --
  +-- Pleurobema_clava **        
  |                           
  +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
--+                           
  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |                           
  +-- Fusconaia_flava         

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 --
  +-------- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |                                 
--+-------- Pleurobema_clava **        
  |                                 
  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava         
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Hemistena_lata          
     +--+                           
        +-- Eurynia_dilatata        

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 3 3 --
-- Pleurobema_pyriforme

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  +--+                      
     +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 2 2 --
  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
  |                      
--+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  +--+                      
     +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 3 3 --
     +-- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                      
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                         
  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +--+                      
     +-- Elliptio_crassidens

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 3 3 --
  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                            
  |  +----- Elliptio_crassidens
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Fusconaia_flava    
     +--+                      
        +-- Eurynia_dilatata   

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 2 2 --
-- Pleurobema_cordatum

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 22 2 2 --
-- Pleurobema_cordatum

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                      
  +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1 ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 36 0 0 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1 MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 36 0 0 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 25 1 1 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 80 2 2 --
  +----- Elliptio_complanata
--+                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  +--+                      
     +-- Eurynia_dilatata   

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 1 1 --
  +-- Fusconaia_flava    
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_rubellum **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 140 2 2 --
  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                         
  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +--+                      
     +-- Elliptio_complanata

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 140 2 2 --
  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                         
  |  +-- Elliptio_complanata
  +--+                      
     +-- Eurynia_dilatata   

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 130 2 2 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 84 1 1 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 52 5 3 --
  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  |                               
--+        +-- Elliptio_complanata
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi   
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina   
        +--+                      
           +-- Fusconaia_burkei   

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 203 4 4 --
     +-- Elliptio_complanata
  +--+                      
  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                      
     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 200 4 4 --
     +-- Elliptio_complanata
  +--+                      
  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                      
     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 201 4 4 --
  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                         
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava    
  +--+                      
     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_crassidens
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_rubellum **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_riddellii **
--+                       
  +-- Elliptio_crassidens 

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
  +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
--+                             
  |  +-- Elliptio_complanata    
  +--+                          
     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **  

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
  +----- Elliptoideus_sloatianus
--+                             
  |  +-- Elliptio_complanata    
  +--+                          
     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **  

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 35 1 1 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **  
--+                          
  +-- Elliptoideus_sloatianus

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **  
--+                          
  +-- Elliptoideus_sloatianus

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 18 8 --
              +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava **     
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda 
--+  |                                 
  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cor        
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus   
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_flava      
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni     
     |  |                              
     |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei     
     +--+-----+                        
        |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia   
        |                              
        |     +-- Fusconaia_iheringi   
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli  
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi     
           +--+                        
              +-- Fusconaia_chunii     

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 11 1 --
  +-------------- Pleurobema_clava **    
  |                                   
  |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda
  |  +-----+                          
--+  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor       
  |  |     +--+                       
  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus  
  |  |                                
  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_iheringi  
  +--+     +--+                       
     |     |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli 
     |  +--+                          
     |  |  |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi    
     |  |  +--+                       
     |  |     +-- Fusconaia_chunii    
     +--+                             
        |     +-- Fusconaia_flava     
        |  +--+                       
        |  |  +-- Fusconaia_masoni    
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei    
           +--+                       
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia  

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 1 1 --
  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
-- Pleurobema_sintoxia

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **
--+                      
  +-- Elliptio_complanata

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1, 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 --
  +----- Elliptio_complanata
--+                         
  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
  +--+                      
     +-- Eurynia_dilatata   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2, 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 75 2 2 --
  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
--+                         
  |  +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +--+                      
     +-- Elliptio_complanata

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **
--+                      
  +-- Elliptio_complanata

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 26 0 0 --
-- Pleurobema_strodeanum

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4, S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4, S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 96 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a, S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b, S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 51 1 1 --
  +-- Elliptio_complanata
--+                      
  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **

Page updated: 11:02:08 Thu 21 Mar 2024

 
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