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Page last updated
Wed 04 Dec 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae

subfamily PARREYSIINAE Henderson, 1935: cladomics
     5 tribes

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 114
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 5

analyzed in 88 cladograms in 54 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 62, mean = 12.62
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) in an analysis = 5, mean = 2.53

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 56
maximum number of included terminals = 62, mean = 19.27
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5, mean = 3.41
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.96

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 40
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (subfamily).
maximum number of included terminals = 62, mean = 20.35
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5, mean = 3.85
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.97

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 5 110 85 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** 

           +----------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-------- Parreysiini **    
  |        +--+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |                 +-- Rectidentini   
  |  +--------------+                  
  |  |              +-- Contradentini  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudodontini  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 30 5 164 125 3 18.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

           +----------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-------- Parreysiini **    
  |        +--+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
--+              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
  |              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Rectidentini   
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Contradentini  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Gonideini      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Pseudodontini

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
62 62 60 5 1 1 1 51.0 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
  |                             
--+  +----------- Parreysia **     
  |  |                          
  +--+        +-- Leoparreysiini **
     |  +-----+                 
     |  |     +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Assamnaia **     
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
62 62 60 5 0 0 0 53.0 
  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |                       
--+     +-- Leoparreysiini **
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  +-- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Coelaturini **   
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 47 5 4 4 1 46.0 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 53 5 4 4 1 49.0 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 52 5 4 4 1 39.0 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
  |                          
--+  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |                       
  +--+     +-- Parreysiini **   
     |  +--+                 
     |  |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 52 5 4 4 1 43.0 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 50 5 4 4 1 43.0 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 5 77 72 1 36.0 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
  |                          
--+  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |                       
  +--+     +-- Parreysiini **   
     |  +--+                 
     |  |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 37 5 72 72 1 37.0 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
  |                          
--+  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |                       
  +--+     +-- Parreysiini **   
     |  +--+                 
     |  |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 28 5 87 87 3 39.0 
              +-------------- Pseudodontini           
              |                                       
              |           +-- Rectidentini            
  +-----------+  +--------+                           
  |           |  |        +-- Contradentini           
  |           |  |                                    
  |           +--+  +-------- Unioninae               
  |              |  |                                 
  |              |  |  +----- Ambleminae              
  |              |  |  |                              
  |              +--+  |  +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                 |  |  |                           
  |                 |  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
  |                 |  |  |                           
  |                 |  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                 +--+  |                           
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii        
  |                    |  |                           
  |                    |  +-- Potomida                
  |                    |  |                           
  |                    |  +-- Pronodularia            
  |                    |  |                           
  |                    +--+-- Gonidea                 
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi    
--+                       |                           
  |                       +-- Leguminaia              
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Microcondylaea          
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata   
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora   
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita  
  |                                                   
  |           +-------------- Trapezidens **             
  |           |                                       
  |  +--------+  +----------- Lamellidens_lamellatus **  
  |  |        |  |                                    
  |  |        +--+  +-------- Lamellidens_jenkinsianus **
  |  |           |  |                                 
  |  |           |  |  +----- Lamellidens_generosus **   
  |  |           +--+  |                              
  |  |              |  +----- Lamellidens_mainwaringi ** 
  |  |              |  |                              
  |  |              +--+  +-- Lamellidens_ferrugineus ** 
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                 |  +-- Lamellidens_marginalis **  
     |                 |                              
     |                 |  +-- Lamellidens_savadiensis ** 
     |                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Lamellidens_corrianus__1 **
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiini **             
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------- Leoparreysiini **          
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------- Coelaturini **             
           |  |                                       
           |  |        +----- Indochinella **            
           +--+  +-----+                              
              |  |     |  +-- Scabies **                 
              |  |     +--+                           
              +--+        +-- Radiatula **               
                 |                                    
                 |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **  
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **         
                    |  |                              
                    |  |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **   
                    +--+--+                           
                       |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **       
                       |                              
                       |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **     
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus__2 **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 22 3 0 0 0 44.0 
  +----- Leoparreysiini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Coelaturini **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 20 3 0 0 0 46.0 
  +----- Leoparreysiini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Coelaturini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 30 5 162 123 3 21.0 
           +----------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-------- Parreysiini **    
  |        +--+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
--+              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
  |              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Pseudodontini  
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Rectidentini   
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Contradentini  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Ambleminae     
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lamprotulini   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 25 5 164 125 3 17.0 
        +-------- Parreysiini **       
        |                           
  +-----+-------- Lamellidentini **    
  |     |                           
  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **    
  |     +--+                        
  |        |  +-- Coelaturini **       
  |        +--+                     
  |           +-- Indochinellini **    
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Chamberlainia     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Megalonaias       
--+  |                              
  |  +----------- Uniomerus         
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Quadrulina        
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Lamprotulini      
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Gonideini         
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini     
  +--+                              
     +----------- Unioninae         
     |                              
     |        +-- Rectidentini      
     +--------+                     
     |        +-- Contradentini     
     |                              
     |  +-------- Amblema           
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Toxolasma         
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Pleurobemini      
     |  |                           
     |  |     +-- Obliquaria        
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Plectomerus       
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Ellipsaria        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Medionidus        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_alatus  
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Ptychobranchus    
        +--+                        
           +----- Truncilla         
           |                        
           +----- Venustaconcha     
           |                        
           +----- Cambarunio        
           |                        
           +----- Leaunio           
           |                        
           |  +-- Ortmanniana       
           +--+                     
              +-- Lampsilis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 26 5 110 85 3 6.0 
                    +-- Parreysiini **    
              +-----+                  
              |     +-- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Contradentini  
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Pseudodontini  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 5 1 0 0 28.0 
  +----------- Lamellidentini **
--+                          
  |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 5 59 59 3 16.0 
     +----------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                          
  |  |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
  |  +--+                       
  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |     +--+                    
  |        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
--+        +--+                 
  |           +-- Indochinellini **
  |                             
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini 
  |  |                          
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini  
  |  |  +-----+                 
  +--+  |     +-- Contradentini 
     |  |                       
     |  |  +----- Unioninae     
     |  |  |                    
     +--+  |  +-- Lamprotula    
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Potomida      
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Pronodularia  
        +--+  |                 
           |  +-- Gonidea       
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Leguminaia    
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Microcondylaea
           |  |                 
           +--+-- Amblemini     
              |                 
              +-- Ortmanniana   
              |                 
              +-- Lampsilis     
              |                 
              +-- Cambarunio    
              |                 
              +-- Elliptio      
              |                 
              +-- Pleurobema    
              |                 
              +-- Quadrulini

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 4 25 23 1 31.0 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 5 0 0 0 33.0 
  +----------- Lamellidentini **
--+                          
  |  +-------- Leoparreysiini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 3 0 0 0 32.0 
  +----- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                 
     +-- Leoparreysiini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 10 1 68 68 1 38.0 
  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                 
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 4 78 61 3 25.0 
              +-------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Contradentini  
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 5 5 1 29.0 
  +-------- Gonideinae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Coelaturini **   
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 4 78 61 3 23.0 
              +-------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Rectidentini   
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Contradentini  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 40 38 1 25.0 
  +-------- Pseudodontini 
--+                       
  |  +----- Indochinellini **
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Rectidentini  
     +--+                 
        +-- Contradentini

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 2 0 0 0 28.0 
  +-- Leoparreysiini **
--+                 
  +-- Lamellidentini **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 4 20 10 1 19.0 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 4 47 40 3 25.0 
  +----------------- Ambleminae    
--+                                
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Unioninae     
     +--+                          
        |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Coelaturini **   
              +--+                 
                 +-- Indochinellini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 4 47 40 3 25.0 
  +-------------- Ambleminae    
  |                             
--+-------------- Gonideinae    
  |                             
  |  +----------- Unioninae     
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 1 0 0 0 29.0 
-- (Lamellidentini

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 12 2 2 1 1 30.0 
  +-- Leoparreysiini **
--+                 
  +-- Coelaturini **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 4 27 15 3 22.0 
        +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +-----+                       
  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |     +--+                    
  |        |  +-- Indochinellini **
  |        +--+                 
--+           +-- Coelaturini **   
  |                             
  |           +-- Pseudodontini 
  |  +--------+                 
  |  |        +-- Contradentini 
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Unioninae     
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Gonideini     
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Lamprotulini  
           +--+                 
              +-- Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 4 27 15 3 22.0 
           +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--------+                       
  |        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |        +--+                    
  |           |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+           +--+                 
  |              +-- Coelaturini **   
  |                                
  |  +-------------- Contradentini 
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini 
     +--+                          
        |  +-------- Unioninae     
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Gonideini     
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Lamprotulini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Ambleminae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 4 32 22 3 22.0 
        +----- Unioninae     
  +-----+                    
  |     |  +-- Ambleminae    
  |     +--+                 
--+        +-- Gonideinae    
  |                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 4 49 48 3 25.0 
        +----- Unioninae     
  +-----+                    
  |     |  +-- Ambleminae    
  |     +--+                 
--+        +-- Gonideinae    
  |                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 25.0 
-- (Lamellidentini

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 31.0 
-- (Leoparreysia

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 4 41 39 3 27.0 
  +----------------- Ambleminae    
  |                                
  |           +----- Unioninae     
  |     +-----+                    
  |     |     |  +-- Chamberlainia 
  |     |     +--+                 
--+  +--+        +-- Discomya      
  |  |  |                          
  |  |  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |  +--+                       
  |  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |  |     +--+                    
  |  |        |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+        +--+                 
     |           +-- Coelaturini **   
     |                             
     |        +----- Ctenodesmini  
     |  +-----+                    
     |  |     |  +-- Rectidentini  
     |  |     +--+                 
     |  |        +-- Contradentini 
     +--+                          
        |        +-- Schepmaniini  
        |  +-----+                 
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini 
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Caudiculatus  
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Potomida      
              +--+                 
                 +-- Gonideini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 76 64 3 26.0 
  +-------- Lamellidentini **
--+                       
  |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Coelaturini **   
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 3 37 35 3 28.0 
        +-- Gonideinae    
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  |  |                    
  +--+  +-- Coelaturini **   
     |  |                 
     +--+-- Indochinellini **
        |                 
        +-- Parreysiini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 37 35 3 27.0 
           +-- Gonideinae    
  +--------+                 
  |        +-- Ambleminae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Unioninae     
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 0 0 0 30.0 
  +----- Lamellidentini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Parreysiini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 7 7 1 32.0 
  +-------- Unioninae     
--+                       
  |  +----- Indochinellini **
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Leoparreysiini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 18 16 1 29.0 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 18 16 1 29.0 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 3 117 106 3 29.0 
                 +-- Coelaturini **    
                 |                  
  +--------------+-- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |              |                  
  |              +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  |  |           +-- Lens           
  |  |           |                  
  |  |           +-- Ensidens       
  +--+           |                  
     |  +--------+-- Physunio       
     |  |        |                  
     |  |        +-- Rectidens      
     |  |        |                  
     +--+        +-- Yaukthwa       
        |                           
        |  +-------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 29 27 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 29 29 2 -- 
  +----- Parreysiini **
--+                 
  |  +-- Gonideinae 
  +--+              
     +-- Unioninae

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 11 0 2 15 4 2 38.5 
              +-------- Unionini      
  +-----------+                       
  |           |  +----- Pleurobemini  
  |           +--+                    
  |              |  +-- Anodontini    
--+              +--+                 
  |                 +-- Lampsilini    
  |                                   
  |  +----------------- Parreysiini **   
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------------- Coelaturini **   
     |  |                             
     |  |     +-------- Castaliini    
     +--+  +--+                       
        |  |  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
        |  |  +--+                    
        |  |     |  +-- Hyridellini   
        +--+     +--+                 
           |        +-- Velesunioninae
           |                          
           |  +-------- Iridininae    
           |  |                       
           +--+  +----- Anodontitinae 
              |  |                    
              +--+----- Mycetopodinae 
                 |                    
                 |  +-- Etheria       
                 +--+                 
                    +-- Mulleria

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 10 0 1 14 8 3 36.0 
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotula          
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 12 11 3 -- 
        +-- Lamellidentini **
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Coelaturini **   
--+                       
  |  +----- Ambleminae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unioninae     
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 29 27 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 29 29 2 -- 
  +----- Parreysiini **
--+                 
  |  +-- Gonideinae 
  +--+              
     +-- Unioninae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 32 29 3 -- 
  +-- Lamellidentini **
--+                 
  +-- Coelaturini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 91 85 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 24 3 -- 
  +-------------------------------- Lamellidentini **
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae     
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini    
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini     
           |  |                                   
           |  |              +----- Eurynia       
           +--+  +-----------+                    
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio    
              |  |           +--+                 
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus
              +--+                                
                 |              +-- Amblemini     
                 |  +-----------+                 
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----------- Truncilla     
                    |  |                          
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis     
                       |  +-----+                 
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma    
                       +--+                       
                          |  +----- Ligumia       
                          +--+                    
                             |  +-- Obliquaria    
                             +--+                 
                                +-- Ortmanniana

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 15 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Indochinellini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Ambleminae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +-------- Coelaturini **
--+                    
  |  +----- Unioninae  
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Gonideinae 
     +--+              
        +-- Ambleminae

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 24 3 -- 
  +-------- Pseudodontini
  |                      
--+  +----- Coelaturini **  
  |  |                   
  |  +----- Contradentini
  +--+                   
     +----- Unioninae    
     |                   
     |  +-- Gonideini    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 45 3 -- 
  +-------------- Indochinellini ** 
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ambleminae     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 23 23 2 -- 
  +----- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Unioninae     
  +--+                 
     +-- Gonideinae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 35 33 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 23 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 95 84 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 10 3 -- 
     +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Gonideinae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unioninae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +----------------------------- Gonideinae 
  |                                         
--+  +-------------------------- Coelaturini **
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia  
     |  |                                   
     |  +----------------------- Amblemini  
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------------------- Quadrulini 
        |  |                                
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema 
           |  |                             
           +--+  +-------------- Eurynia    
              |  |                          
              |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias 
              +--+-----------+              
                 |           +-- Unioninae  
                 |                          
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana
                 +--+                       
                    |  +-------- Glebula    
                    +--+                    
                       |  +----- Potamilus  
                       +--+                 
                          |  +-- Ligumia    
                          +--+              
                             +-- Toxolasma

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 8 3 -- 
  +-- Aculamprotula  
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
  |                  
  +-- Lamellidentini ** 
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 8 3 -- 
-- Lamellidens_corrianus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 53 51 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 45 3 -- 
  +-------- Indochinellini **
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 45 3 -- 
  +-------- Indochinellini **
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 24 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 95 84 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 12 1 -- 
  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                 
  +-- Unioninae

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Gonideinae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 38 36 3 -- 
     +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Gonideinae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 23 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
     +-- Pseudodontini 
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Rectidentini  
  +--+                 
     +-- Contradentini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 91 85 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 10 3 -- 
     +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Gonideinae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca

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