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Page last updated
Sat 03 May 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida

superfamily UNIONOIDEA Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     2 families

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 1116
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 2

analyzed in 545 cladograms in 301 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 173, mean = 22.18
maximum number of subtaxa (family) in an analysis = 2, mean = 1.46

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 543
maximum number of included terminals = 173, mean = 22.26
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2, mean = 1.46
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.94

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 88
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (family) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (superfamily).
maximum number of included terminals = 173, mean = 36.22
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2, mean = 2.0
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.69

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
70 77 71 2 10 9 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                                    
--+  +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |  |                                                 
  +--+  +----------------------------- Etherioidea     
     |  |                                              
     +--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **    
        |  |                                           
        |  |  +----------------------- Unioninae **       
        +--+  |                                        
           |  |              +-------- Rectidentini **    
           |  |  +-----------+                         
           +--+  |           |  +----- Lens **            
              |  |           +--+                      
              |  |              |  +-- Physunio **        
              |  |              +--+                   
              +--+                 +-- unionoid        
                 |                                     
                 |  +----------------- Ambleminae **      
                 |  |                                  
                 |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
                 +--+  +-----------+                   
                    |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **    
                    |  |                               
                    +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia **   
                       |  +--------+                   
                       |  |        +-- Pseudodontini **   
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-------- Sinosolenaia **    
                          +--+                         
                             |  +----- Gonidea **         
                             +--+                      
                                |  +-- Microcondylaea **  
                                +--+                   
                                   +-- Leguminaia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
173 173 154 2 26 24 2 143.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
173 173 109 2 26 24 2 156.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
171 171 169 2 26 24 2 153.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
125 125 72 1 0 0 0 130.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
124 137 137 2 15 13 2 110.0 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
124 137 123 2 15 13 2 114.0 
                       +-- Chamberlainia **   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                                        
  |                    +-- Etherioidea     
--+--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Hyrioidea       
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
118 118 100 2 0 0 0 155.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
112 112 100 1 0 0 0 149.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
112 117 99 2 9 7 2 100.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
104 104 63 2 0 0 0 216.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
102 102 103 2 0 0 0 154.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
102 102 92 2 0 0 0 158.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
92 92 90 2 4 3 2 117.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
92 92 88 2 4 3 2 116.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
88 88 85 2 4 3 2 110.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
88 88 84 2 4 3 2 110.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
83 83 50 1 0 0 0 96.0 
-- (Unionidae

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
82 82 80 1 0 0 0 130.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
81 81 79 2 10 8 2 90.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
81 81 79 2 10 8 2 90.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
77 77 75 2 0 0 0 111.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
76 76 74 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
76 76 73 2 0 0 0 66.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
73 73 63 1 0 0 0 141.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
73 73 67 1 0 0 0 140.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
71 71 69 2 3 3 2 95.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
70 70 68 2 4 3 2 96.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
70 70 68 2 4 3 2 94.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
65 65 63 2 4 3 2 91.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
63 63 61 1 0 0 0 133.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
62 62 60 1 0 0 0 131.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
61 61 55 1 0 0 0 127.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
61 61 49 1 0 0 0 127.0 
-- (Unionidae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 59 1 0 0 0 113.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 61 2 11 9 2 104.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 54 1 0 0 0 124.0 
-- (Unionidae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 60 2 11 9 2 104.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 54 1 0 0 0 124.0 
-- (Unionidae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 61 2 11 9 2 106.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 52 1 0 0 0 124.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 48 2 0 0 0 122.0 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 56 51 2 0 0 0 122.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 56 54 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 52 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 53 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 52 2 0 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 51 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 51 2 4 3 2 83.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 45 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 50 2 5 4 2 96.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 41 2 0 0 0 106.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 50 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 53 50 2 5 4 2 98.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
50 50 49 1 0 0 0 112.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
49 49 42 2 0 0 0 120.0 
     +----- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Contradentini **   
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
49 49 47 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
47 47 45 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 44 2 4 3 2 90.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 58 2 0 0 0 100.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 44 2 0 0 0 105.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 41 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 47 45 2 2 2 2 91.0 
  +-------- Unionidae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 43 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 43 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 43 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 42 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 42 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 36 1 0 0 0 113.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 42 1 0 0 0 110.0 
-- (Unionidae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 41 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 40 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 106.0 
-- (Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 1 0 0 0 113.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 40 1 0 0 0 111.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 41 1 0 0 0 109.0 
-- (Unionidae

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 31 2 0 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 36 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 39 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionidae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 2 4 3 2 80.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 38 1 0 0 0 107.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 2 0 0 0 85.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 2 0 0 0 85.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 107.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Unioninae

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 34 1 0 0 0 105.0 
-- (Unionidae

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 33 1 0 0 0 103.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 2 0 0 0 95.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 96.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 96.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 25 2 0 0 0 97.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 38 37 2 1 1 1 95.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyrioidea       
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 109.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 22 1 0 0 0 108.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 22 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Ambleminae **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 35 2 1 1 1 101.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 33 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 20 1 0 0 0 108.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 26 1 0 0 0 111.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 26 1 0 0 0 94.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 34 1 0 0 0 99.0 
-- (Unionidae

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 30 1 0 0 0 111.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 15 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 21 1 0 0 0 94.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 32 2 0 0 0 103.0 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus **           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula **           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus **        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae **        
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini **              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma **               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 31 2 0 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 29 2 0 0 0 100.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 21 1 0 0 0 107.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 31 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 16 2 1 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 2 0 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 2 8 7 2 72.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 32 2 2 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 2 0 0 0 93.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 29 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 1 0 0 0 92.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 22 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 27 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 31 1 0 0 0 106.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 31 29 2 1 1 1 81.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Hyrioidea       
  |                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 20 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 100.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 28 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 96.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 13 12 2 86.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 27 1 0 0 0 97.0 
-- (Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 25 2 0 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Unioninae

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 100.0 
-- (Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 13 12 2 86.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 3 2 2 79.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 28 26 2 20 19 2 76.0 
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                 +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae **       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Contradentini **   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Ambleminae **      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Pseudodontini **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 23 2 0 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 22 1 0 0 0 94.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 1 0 0 89.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 21 2 20 19 2 80.0 
     +-- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 21 2 3 2 2 80.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 97.0 
-- (Anodontini

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 96.0 
-- (Unionidae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 23 1 0 0 0 99.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 24 2 0 0 0 93.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 31 30 2 10 9 2 77.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 30 27 2 10 9 2 83.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 45 39 2 20 19 2 99.0 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                                  
  |           +----- Margaritiferidae **
--+  +--------+                      
  |  |        |  +-- Hyrioidea       
  |  |        +--+                   
  +--+           +-- Etherioidea     
     |                               
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Contradentini **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Unioninae **       
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideini **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 17 1 0 0 0 95.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 27 24 2 20 19 2 83.0 
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                       +-- Etheria         
  |                    +--+                   
--+                    |  +-- Mulleria        
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |  |                 +--+                   
  +--+                    +-- Iridinidae      
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria  
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Contradentini **   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Unioninae **       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Ambleminae **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 18 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Unionidae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 6 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 9 1 0 0 0 100.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 27 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 17 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 10 1 0 0 0 98.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 11 9 2 86.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 8 6 2 83.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 95.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 11 9 2 86.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unioninae

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unioninae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 21 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 2 1 1 1 78.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **       
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Anodontini **             
--+  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae **           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
        |                                      
        |        +----- Aculamprotula **          
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
              |                                
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Acuticostini **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 22 4 2 1 0 0 88.0 
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                   
  +----- None__2      
--+                   
  +----- Margaritifera **
  |                   
  |  +-- None__1      
  +--+                
     +-- Unionidae **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Unionidae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 16 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 4 3 2 80.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 22 3 2 1 0 0 87.5 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
  +-- None__1      
  |                
--+-- None__2      
  |                
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 4 3 2 78.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 30 18 2 11 10 2 90.0 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Eurynia **         
--+  |                               
  |  +-------------- Fusconaia **       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Pleurobema **      
  |  |                               
  +--+-------------- Quadrulini **      
     |                               
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana **     
     +--+                            
     |  |  +-------- Glebula **         
     |  +--+                         
     |     |  +----- Potamilus **       
     |     +--+                      
     |        |  +-- Ligumia **         
     |        +--+                   
     |           +-- Toxolasma **       
     |                               
     |  +----------- Cyrtonaias **      
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Unionini **        
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodontini **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Hyrioidea       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Etherioidea

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 13 1 0 0 0 92.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 23 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Unionidae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 30 28 2 11 10 2 80.0 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 21 14 2 14 13 2 81.0 
  +-------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Anodontini **      
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Gonideinae **      
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Unionini **        
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 2 2 1 80.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 11 10 2 78.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Gonideinae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Unioninae **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 16 2 11 10 2 84.0 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 2 2 1 78.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 11 10 2 79.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideinae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 5 2 0 0 0 90.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 22 2 2 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 17 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Anodontini

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Cristariina

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 2 11 9 2 86.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 14 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionidae

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 10 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Unioninae

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 13 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 11 9 2 87.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionidae

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 18 11 1 1 1 1 78.0 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae **     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Hyrioidea      
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 3 2 1 85.0 
  +----- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 11 9 2 87.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 10 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Anodontini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 13 2 20 19 2 83.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unioninae **       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Gonideinae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 13 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Anodontini

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 1 1 1 74.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unioninae

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Margaritiferidae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 92.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 2 1 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Anodontini

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Anodontini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 15 2 1 0 0 85.0 
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
--+                                       
  |  +----- Unionidae **                     
  +--+                                    
     |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
     +--+                                 
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 2 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Contradentini

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionidae

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 13 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 16 13 2 82.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Quadrulini

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 1 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 16 13 2 82.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 11 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  +----- Amblemini **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Unio

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 10 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 9 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Quadrulini **      
  |                      
  +----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 5 4 1 78.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 72.0 
-- (Unionidae

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 10 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 2 1 1 82.5 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 10 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionidae

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 1 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 74.0 
-- (Unionidae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 1 1 1 80.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 2 1 1 84.5 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Lampsilini **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Margaritiferidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 2 1 1 82.5 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionini

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 11 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionini

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 1 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Contradentini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Anodontini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionini

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Cristariina

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Nodularia

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 13 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 10 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 7 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Margaritiferidae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 1 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unioninae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 1 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Contradentini

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 6 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 0 0 0 85.0 
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 7 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 11 9 2 1 1 1 76.0 
  +----- Unionidae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 1 1 1 77.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unio

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 6 3 1 86.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 9 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 2 2 0 0 80.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 2 1 0 0 79.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unioninae

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 5 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 11 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 6 2 2 0 0 80.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 10 8 2 1 1 1 80.0 
  +----- Unionidae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 0 1 6 3 1 79.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 1 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Contradentini

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Lamellidentini

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 1 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 15 7 1 6 3 1 84.0 
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
  |                     
  +-------- Gonideinae **  
--+                     
  |     +-- Hyrioidea   
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trigonioidea
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Pleurobemini **
     |  |               
     +--+-- Lampsilini **  
        |               
        +-- Unioninae **

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 14 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Unionidae

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unio

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionini

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 3 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionidae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 1 1 1 80.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 80.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 1 1 1 80.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 4 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferidae **
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 73.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Pseudodontina

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Contradentini

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unioninae

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 74.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 74.0 
-- (Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 9 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 2 1 0 0 79.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unioninae

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 16 14 2 10 9 2 88.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                               
  |     +-------- Unionini **        
--+  +--+                         
  |  |  |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |  +--+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini **      
  +--+     +--+                   
     |        +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                            
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Coelaturini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Hyrioidea       
           +--+                   
              +-- Etherioidea

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 6 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 1 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Epioblasma

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 2 1 1 1 75.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unio

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 2 1 1 1 75.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 10 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 2 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 7 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Epioblasma

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionini

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionini

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 80.5 
-- (Ambleminae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 6 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilis

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontini

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Cristariina

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 1 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Anodontini

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unioninae

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Epioblasma

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 11 9 2 6 6 1 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Unionidae **       
  |                   
  +-- Hyrioidea

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Gonideini

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Lamellidentini

Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Anodontini

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.5 
-- (Unionini

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Leoparreysia

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Anodontini

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 14 12 2 10 10 1 86.0 
     +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 10 8 2 11 9 2 80.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Anodontini

Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontini

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Quadrulini

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unio

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 2 2 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Anodonta

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontini

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 11 9 2 77.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Cristariina

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Beringiana

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Cristariina

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Cristariina

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Cristariina

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unio

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Anodontina

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontina

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unioninae

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Anodontina

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 2 1 1 77.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Margaritifera

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 1 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Potamilus

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 1 0 0 78.0 
  +----- Unionidae **
--+               
  |  +-- None__1  
  +--+            
     +-- None__2

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 2 1 1 77.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 4 2 2 77.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 3 2 2 77.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 4 1 -- 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 4 2 2 78.0 
  +----- Unionidae **       
  |                      
--+----- Hyrioidea       
  |                      
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Unionidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 18 17 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 2 1 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 3 2 2 78.0 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 4 2 2 78.0 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Ambleminae

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 7 1 -- 
  +-- Unionidae **
--+            
  +-- Hyrioidea

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Unionidae **
--+            
  +-- Hyrioidea

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