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Page last updated
Fri 30 May 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida

superfamily UNIONOIDEA Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     2 families

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 1113
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 2

analyzed in 555 cladograms in 305 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 173, mean = 22.29
maximum number of subtaxa (family) in an analysis = 2, mean = 1.46

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 553
maximum number of included terminals = 173, mean = 22.37
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2, mean = 1.46
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.94

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 89
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (family) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (superfamily).
maximum number of included terminals = 173, mean = 36.6
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2, mean = 2.0
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.7

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
70 77 71 2 10 9 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                                    
--+  +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |  |                                                 
  +--+  +----------------------------- Etherioidea     
     |  |                                              
     +--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **    
        |  |                                           
        |  |  +----------------------- Unioninae **       
        +--+  |                                        
           |  |              +-------- Rectidentini **    
           |  |  +-----------+                         
           +--+  |           |  +----- Lens **            
              |  |           +--+                      
              |  |              |  +-- Physunio **        
              |  |              +--+                   
              +--+                 +-- unionoid        
                 |                                     
                 |  +----------------- Ambleminae **      
                 |  |                                  
                 |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
                 +--+  +-----------+                   
                    |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **    
                    |  |                               
                    +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia **   
                       |  +--------+                   
                       |  |        +-- Pseudodontini **   
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-------- Sinosolenaia **    
                          +--+                         
                             |  +----- Gonidea **         
                             +--+                      
                                |  +-- Microcondylaea **  
                                +--+                   
                                   +-- Leguminaia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
173 173 154 2 26 24 2 143.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
173 173 109 2 26 24 2 156.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
171 171 169 2 26 24 2 153.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
125 125 72 1 0 0 0 130.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
124 137 137 2 15 13 2 110.0 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
124 137 123 2 15 13 2 114.0 
                       +-- Chamberlainia **   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                                        
  |                    +-- Etherioidea     
--+--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Hyrioidea       
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
118 118 100 2 0 0 0 155.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
112 117 99 2 9 7 2 100.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
112 112 100 1 0 0 0 149.0 
-- (Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
104 104 63 2 0 0 0 216.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
102 102 92 2 0 0 0 158.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
102 102 103 2 0 0 0 154.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
91 91 89 2 4 3 2 116.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
91 91 87 2 4 3 2 115.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
87 87 84 2 4 3 2 109.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
87 87 83 2 4 3 2 109.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
85 85 83 2 3 3 2 103.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
83 83 50 1 0 0 0 96.0 
-- (Unionidae

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
82 82 80 1 0 0 0 130.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
81 81 79 2 10 8 2 90.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
81 81 79 2 10 8 2 90.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
76 76 73 2 0 0 0 66.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
76 76 74 2 0 0 0 110.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
76 76 74 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
73 73 63 1 0 0 0 141.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
73 73 67 1 0 0 0 140.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
70 70 68 2 3 3 2 94.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
69 69 67 2 4 3 2 95.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
69 69 67 2 4 3 2 93.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
64 64 62 2 4 3 2 90.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
63 63 61 1 0 0 0 133.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
62 62 60 1 0 0 0 131.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
61 61 49 1 0 0 0 127.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
61 61 55 1 0 0 0 127.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 54 1 0 0 0 124.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 54 1 0 0 0 124.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 52 1 0 0 0 124.0 
-- (Unionidae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 59 1 0 0 0 113.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 60 2 11 9 2 104.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 60 2 11 9 2 106.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 59 2 11 9 2 104.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
57 57 48 2 0 0 0 122.0 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 56 51 2 0 0 0 122.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 56 54 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
54 54 52 2 0 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 52 2 0 0 0 97.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 45 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 51 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
53 53 51 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 50 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 50 2 5 4 2 96.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 50 2 4 3 2 82.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 41 2 0 0 0 106.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 53 50 2 5 4 2 98.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
50 50 49 1 0 0 0 112.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
49 49 42 2 0 0 0 120.0 
     +----- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Contradentini **   
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
48 48 46 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
48 48 46 2 0 0 0 93.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
47 47 45 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 44 2 0 0 0 105.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 38 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 43 2 4 3 2 89.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 38 2 0 0 0 101.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 53 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 43 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 41 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
44 44 42 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
44 44 42 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
44 46 44 2 2 2 2 90.0 
  +-------- Unionidae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 42 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 42 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 36 1 0 0 0 113.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 40 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 42 1 0 0 0 110.0 
-- (Unionidae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 41 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 114.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 106.0 
-- (Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 1 0 0 0 113.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 40 1 0 0 0 111.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 41 1 0 0 0 109.0 
-- (Unionidae

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 36 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 31 2 0 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 38 2 0 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 39 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 38 1 0 0 0 107.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 107.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 2 0 0 0 84.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 34 1 0 0 0 105.0 
-- (Unionidae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 2 4 3 2 79.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 2 0 0 0 95.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Unioninae

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 33 1 0 0 0 103.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 96.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 38 37 2 1 1 1 95.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyrioidea       
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 96.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 25 2 0 0 0 97.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 35 2 1 1 1 101.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 22 1 0 0 0 108.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 33 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 26 1 0 0 0 111.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 20 1 0 0 0 108.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 109.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 22 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Ambleminae **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 30 1 0 0 0 111.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 26 1 0 0 0 94.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 34 1 0 0 0 99.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 1 0 0 0 103.0 
-- (Unioninae

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 32 2 0 0 0 102.0 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus **           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula **           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus **        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae **        
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini **              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma **               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 15 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 31 2 0 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 21 1 0 0 0 94.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 16 2 1 0 0 95.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 29 2 0 0 0 100.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 21 1 0 0 0 107.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 2 0 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 2 8 7 2 72.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 32 2 2 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 27 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 29 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 29 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 29 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 2 0 0 0 98.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 1 0 0 0 92.0 
-- (Unionidae

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 29 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 22 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 2 0 0 0 93.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 31 1 0 0 0 106.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 31 29 2 1 1 1 81.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Hyrioidea       
  |                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 100.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 20 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 2 0 0 0 94.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 28 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 27 1 0 0 0 97.0 
-- (Anodontini

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 100.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 96.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 13 12 2 86.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 25 2 0 0 0 92.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 2 13 12 2 86.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Unioninae

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Unioninae

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 22 1 0 0 0 94.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 1 0 0 89.5 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 21 2 3 2 2 80.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 96.0 
-- (Unionidae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 3 2 2 79.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 21 2 20 19 2 80.0 
     +-- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 97.0 
-- (Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 28 26 2 20 19 2 76.0 
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                 +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae **       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Contradentini **   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Ambleminae **      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Pseudodontini **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 23 2 0 0 0 91.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 45 39 2 20 19 2 99.0 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                                  
  |           +----- Margaritiferidae **
--+  +--------+                      
  |  |        |  +-- Hyrioidea       
  |  |        +--+                   
  +--+           +-- Etherioidea     
     |                               
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Contradentini **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Unioninae **       
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideini **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 24 2 0 0 0 93.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 30 27 2 10 9 2 83.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 31 30 2 10 9 2 77.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 17 1 0 0 0 95.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 27 24 2 20 19 2 83.0 
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                       +-- Etheria         
  |                    +--+                   
--+                    |  +-- Mulleria        
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |  |                 +--+                   
  +--+                    +-- Iridinidae      
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria  
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Contradentini **   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Unioninae **       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Ambleminae **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 23 1 0 0 0 99.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 18 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Unionidae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 6 1 0 0 0 101.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 27 1 0 0 0 93.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 9 1 0 0 0 100.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 17 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 10 1 0 0 0 98.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 11 9 2 86.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 95.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 11 9 2 86.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 8 6 2 83.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unioninae

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unioninae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 2 1 1 1 78.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 21 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **       
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Anodontini **             
--+  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae **           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
        |                                      
        |        +----- Aculamprotula **          
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
              |                                
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Acuticostini **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 22 3 2 1 0 0 87.5 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
  +-- None__1      
  |                
--+-- None__2      
  |                
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 4 3 2 80.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Unionidae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 22 4 2 1 0 0 88.0 
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                   
  +----- None__2      
--+                   
  +----- Margaritifera **
  |                   
  |  +-- None__1      
  +--+                
     +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 4 3 2 78.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 16 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 23 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Unionidae

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 21 14 2 14 13 2 81.0 
  +-------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Anodontini **      
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Gonideinae **      
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Unionini **        
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 2 2 1 78.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 16 2 11 10 2 84.0 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 11 10 2 78.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Gonideinae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Unioninae **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 13 1 0 0 0 92.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 2 11 10 2 79.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideinae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 2 2 2 1 80.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 30 18 2 11 10 2 90.0 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Eurynia **         
--+  |                               
  |  +-------------- Fusconaia **       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Pleurobema **      
  |  |                               
  +--+-------------- Quadrulini **      
     |                               
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana **     
     +--+                            
     |  |  +-------- Glebula **         
     |  +--+                         
     |     |  +----- Potamilus **       
     |     +--+                      
     |        |  +-- Ligumia **         
     |        +--+                   
     |           +-- Toxolasma **       
     |                               
     |  +----------- Cyrtonaias **      
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Unionini **        
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodontini **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Hyrioidea       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Etherioidea

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 30 28 2 11 10 2 80.0 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 5 2 0 0 0 90.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 22 2 2 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 17 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Anodontini

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 14 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 10 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Unioninae

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Unionidae

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 13 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 2 11 9 2 86.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Cristariina

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 11 9 2 87.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionidae

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 18 11 1 1 1 1 78.0 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae **     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Hyrioidea      
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 3 2 1 85.0 
  +----- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 11 9 2 87.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Unioninae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 13 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Anodontini

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 10 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Anodontini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 13 2 20 19 2 83.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unioninae **       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Gonideinae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 92.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 2 1 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unioninae

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 1 0 0 0 90.0 
-- (Margaritiferidae

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 1 1 1 74.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 15 2 1 0 0 85.0 
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
--+                                       
  |  +----- Unionidae **                     
  +--+                                    
     |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
     +--+                                 
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Anodontini

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 2 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Anodontini

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Anodontini

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 91.0 
-- (Contradentini

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionidae

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 1 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 16 13 2 82.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 16 13 2 82.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Unio

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 13 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 11 2 0 0 0 88.0 
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  +----- Amblemini **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 9 2 0 0 0 89.0 
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Quadrulini **      
  |                      
  +----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 10 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 87.0 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionini

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Quadrulini

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 5 4 1 78.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 74.0 
-- (Unionidae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionidae

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 72.0 
-- (Unionidae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 1 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 2 1 1 82.5 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 10 2 0 0 0 86.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 2 1 1 84.5 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Lampsilini **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Margaritiferidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 2 1 1 82.5 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 1 1 1 80.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Unionini

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 10 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Pseudodontini

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 11 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionini

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 1 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 89.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionini

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Cristariina

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Anodontini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Contradentini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 1 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 10 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Margaritiferidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Contradentini

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 0 0 0 85.0 
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae **

Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 88.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Nodularia

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 6 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 0 0 0 85.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 7 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 13 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 7 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 1 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 12 8 1 1 0 0 84.0 
     +----- Amblemini **   
  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Pleurobemini **
  |  +--+               
  |     +-- Quadrulini **  
--+                     
  |  +----- Obliquaria **  
  |  |                  
  |  +----- None        
  +--+                  
     +----- Popenaiadini **
     |                  
     |  +-- Glebula **     
     +--+               
        +-- Cyrtonaias **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 6 2 2 0 0 80.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 2 1 0 0 79.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 2 2 0 0 80.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 6 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 9 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Unio

Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 5 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 6 3 1 86.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 87.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 11 9 2 1 1 1 76.0 
  +----- Unionidae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 1 1 1 77.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 11 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unioninae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Unionidae

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 15 7 1 6 3 1 84.0 
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
  |                     
  +-------- Gonideinae **  
--+                     
  |     +-- Hyrioidea   
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trigonioidea
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Pleurobemini **
     |  |               
     +--+-- Lampsilini **  
        |               
        +-- Unioninae **

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Lamellidentini

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 0 1 6 3 1 79.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 1 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 1 0 0 81.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 10 8 2 1 1 1 80.0 
  +----- Unionidae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 14 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 86.0 
-- (Contradentini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 1 1 1 80.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Pseudodontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 84.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 1 0 0 0 85.0 
-- (Contradentini

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 73.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 80.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unioninae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Cristariina

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 1 1 1 80.0 
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Cristariina

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 3 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 4 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferidae **
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unio

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 83.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 2 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unio

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 9 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 2 1 1 1 75.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 74.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 10 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 6 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 74.0 
-- (Unionidae

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 1 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Epioblasma

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 2 1 1 1 75.0 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Epioblasma

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 16 14 2 10 9 2 88.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                               
  |     +-------- Unionini **        
--+  +--+                         
  |  |  |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |  +--+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini **      
  +--+     +--+                   
     |        +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                            
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Coelaturini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Hyrioidea       
           +--+                   
              +-- Etherioidea

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 2 1 0 0 79.5 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 7 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unioninae

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 82.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionini

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unioninae

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Anodontini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unioninae

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 74.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 80.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Unionidae

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 80.5 
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 6 1 0 0 0 84.0 
-- (Lampsilis

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Gonideini

Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Anodontini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Anodontini

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Epioblasma

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Lamellidentini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 11 9 2 6 6 1 79.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Unionidae **       
  |                   
  +-- Hyrioidea

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Anodontini

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.5 
-- (Unionini

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Leoparreysia

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 82.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 1 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Unionidae

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 83.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unioninae

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Unioninae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Pleurobemini

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Anodontini

Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Lampsilini

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontini

Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Ambleminae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Quadrulini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Beringiana

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Anodontini

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontini

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Cristariina

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 78.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 11 9 2 77.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 79.0 
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 14 12 2 10 10 1 86.0 
     +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Cristariina

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Anodonta

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 2 2 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unio

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 81.0 
-- (Cristariina

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 10 8 2 11 9 2 80.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Rectidentini

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 2 1 1 77.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Anodontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unioninae

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Gonideinae

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Parreysiinae

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Margaritifera

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 76.0 
-- (Unionidae

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 79.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 76.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Anodontina

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 1 0 0 75.0 
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 78.0 
-- (Unionidae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 77.0 
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 80.0 
-- (Potamilus

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 75.0 
-- (Anodontina

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 77.0 
-- (Unio

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 1 0 0 78.0 
  +----- Unionidae **
--+               
  |  +-- None__1  
  +--+            
     +-- None__2

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 2 1 1 77.0 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Unionidae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 3 2 2 78.0 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 18 17 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 2 1 -- 
  +----- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 4 1 -- 
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Ambleminae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 3 2 2 77.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 4 2 2 77.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 4 2 2 78.0 
  +----- Unionidae **       
  |                      
--+----- Hyrioidea       
  |                      
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 4 2 2 78.0 
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 7 1 -- 
  +-- Unionidae **
--+            
  +-- Hyrioidea

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Unionidae **
--+            
  +-- Hyrioidea

Page updated: 10:14:09 Fri 30 May 2025
 
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