MUSSELpdb | publication Campbell et al., 2005

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The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

This page documents data for Campbell et al. (2005), such as genera and species attributed to that publication (including known misspellings, misidentifications, and other unavailable names) as well as taxonomic opinions, if available. Taxonomic opinions refer to uses of genera and species as valid and invalid in that work.

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Publication information

Campbell, D.C., J.M. Serb, J.E. Buhay, K.J. Roe, R.L. Minton & C. Lydeard. 2005. Phylogeny of North American amblemines (Bivalvia, Unionidae): prodigious polyphyly proves pervasive across genera. Invertebrate Biology 124(2): 131-164.

Click here for online access.

Cladogram Figures

(click the figure number to see the cladogram)

fig. 1
fig. 2

Attributed Species Names

Uniomerus declivus Williams et al., 1993
‘Say’ of Authors.
Williams et al., 1993, Fisheries 18(9): 14.
Vidrine, 1993, Histr. Distr. Freshw. Mussels LA: 86.
Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155.
Inoue et al., 2018, Invert. Syst. 32: Table S2.
Burlakova et al., 2019, Malacologia 62(2): 351.
(error for Unio declivis Say, 1831)

Pleurobema georgianum Campbell et al., 2005
‘Lea’ Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 154. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio georgianus Lea, 1841)

Quadrula nobilis Campbell et al., 2005
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155. [in part]
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 23. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio nobilis Conrad, 1854)

Medionidus accutissimus Campbell et al., 2005
‘Lea’ Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 154.
(error for Unio acutissimus Lea, 1831)

Plethobasus cyphus Campbell et al., 2005
‘Rafinesque’ Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 154.
(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) cyphya Rafinesque, 1820)

Lasmigona holstonia etowahensis Campbell et al., 2005
‘Lea’ Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 154.
(misidentified reference to Margaritana etowahensis Lea, 1858)

Villosa iris Campbell et al., 2005
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155. [in part]
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006, MPE 41(1): 198. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio iris Lea, 1829)

Venustaconcha pleasii Campbell et al., 2005
‘Marsh’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155.
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006, MPE 41(1): 198.
Gangloff et al., 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14: 915. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio pleasii Marsh, 1891)

Taxonomic Opinions

Actinonaias ligamentina (Lamarck, 1819)

Actinonaias pectorosa (Conrad, 1834)

Amblema elliottii (Lea, 1856)

Amblema plicata (Say, 1817)

Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Anodonta oregonensis (Lea, 1838)

Cumberlandia monodonta (Say, 1829)

Cyclonaias tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Cyprogenia aberti (Conrad, 1850)

Cyprogenia stegaria (Rafinesque, 1820)

Cyrtonaias tampicoensis (Lea, 1838)

Dromus dromas (Lea, 1834)

Ellipsaria lineolata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Elliptio arca (Conrad, 1834)

Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck, 1819)

Elliptio dilatata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Elliptoideus sloatianus (Lea, 1840)

Epioblasma brevidens (Lea, 1831)

Epioblasma capsaeformis (Lea, 1831)

Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Wilson & Clark, 1914)

Epioblasma triquetra (Rafinesque, 1820)

Fusconaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838)

Fusconaia cerina (Conrad, 1838)

Fusconaia cor (Conrad, 1834)

Fusconaia cuneolus (Lea, 1840)

Fusconaia ebena (Lea, 1831)

Fusconaia escambia (Clench & Turner, 1956)

Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820)

Fusconaia subrotunda (Lea, 1831)

Fusconaia succissa (Lea, 1852)

Glebula rotundata (Lamarck, 1819)

Gonidea angulata (Lea, 1838)

Hemistena lata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea, 1852)

Inversidens japanensis (Lea, 1859)

Lampsilis altilis (Conrad, 1834)

Lampsilis australis Simpson, 1900

Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis ornata (Conrad, 1835)

Lampsilis ovata (Say, 1817)

Lampsilis perovalis (Conrad, 1834)

Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes, 1823)

Lampsilis subangulata (Lea, 1840)

Lampsilis teres (Rafinesque, 1820)

Lasmigona costata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Lasmigona holstonia etowahensis (Lea, 1858)

Lemiox rimosus (Rafinesque, 1831)

Leptodea fragilis (Rafinesque, 1820)

Leptodea leptodon (Rafinesque, 1820)

Lexingtonia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840)

Ligumia nasuta (Say, 1817)

Ligumia recta (Lamarck, 1819)

Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)

Medionidus accutissimus [sic] (Lea, 1831)

Medionidus conradicus (Lea, 1834)

Megalonaias nervosa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Obliquaria reflexa Rafinesque, 1820

Obovaria jacksoniana (Frierson, 1912)

Obovaria olivaria (Rafinesque, 1820)

Obovaria rotulata (Wright, 1899)

Obovaria subrotunda (Rafinesque, 1820)

Obovaria unicolor (Lea, 1845)

Plectomerus dombeyanus (Valenciennes, 1827)

Plethobasus cyphus [sic] (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pleurobema chattanoogaense (Lea, 1858)

Pleurobema clava (Lamarck, 1819)

Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837)

Pleurobema cordatum (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pleurobema decisum (Lea, 1831)

Pleurobema furvum (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema georgianum (Lea, 1841)

Pleurobema gibberum (Lea, 1838)

Pleurobema hanleyianum (Lea, 1852)

Pleurobema oviforme (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema perovatum (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema pyriforme (Lea, 1857)

Pleurobema rubellum (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema rubrum (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pleurobema strodeanum (Wright, 1898)

Pleurobema taitianum (Lea, 1834)

Pleurobema troschelianum (Lea, 1852)

Popenaias popeii (Lea, 1857)

Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817)

Potamilus purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819)

Psilunio littoralis (Cuvier, 1798)

Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829)

Quadrula apiculata (Say, 1829)

Quadrula kieneriana (Lea, 1852)

Quadrula metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820)

Quadrula nobilis (Conrad, 1854)
+ Quadrula quadrula Lydeard et al., 2000

Quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820)

Quincuncina burkei Walker, 1922

Quincuncina infucata (Conrad, 1834)

Quincuncina kleiniana (Lea, 1852)

Strophitus subvexus (Conrad, 1834)

Toxolasma parvus (Barnes, 1823)

Toxolasma texasiensis (Lea, 1857)

Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Truncilla truncata Rafinesque, 1820

Uniomerus declivus [sic] (Say, 1831)

Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Conrad, 1836)

Venustaconcha pleasii (Marsh, 1891)

Villosa iris (Lea, 1829)

Villosa vanuxemensis (Lea, 1838)

Villosa villosa (Wright, 1898)

Cladogram Figure 1

                                                     +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera   
  +--------------------------------------------------+                                 
  |                                                  +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta        
  |                                                                                    
  |  +-------------------------------------------------- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii        
  |  |                                                                                 
  |  |                                      +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis          
  |  |                                      |                                          
  |  +--------------------------------------+        +-- Anodonta_cygnea               
  |  |                                      |  +-----+                                 
  |  |                                      |  |     +-- Alasminota_holstonia          
--+  |                                      +--+                                       
  |  |                                         |  +----- Pyganodon_grandis             
  |  |                                         +--+                                    
  |  |                                            |  +-- Lasmigona_costata             
  |  |                                            +--+                                 
  |  |                                               +-- Pseudodontoideus_subvexus     
  |  |                                                                                 
  |  |                                            +----- Gonidea_angulata              
  |  |  +-----------------------------------------+                                    
  |  |  |                                         |  +-- Potomida_littoralis           
  +--+  |                                         +--+                                 
     |  |                                            +-- Pronodularia_japanensis       
     |  |                                                                              
     |  |                                            +-- Megalonaias_nervosa           
     |  |                                +-----------+                                 
     |  |                                |           +-- Uniomerus_declivis            
     |  |                                |                                             
     |  |  +-----------------------------+  +----------- Theliderma_metanevra          
     |  |  |                             |  |                                          
     |  |  |                             |  |     +----- Quadrula_verrucosa            
     |  |  |                             +--+  +--+                                    
     |  |  |                                |  |  |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula             
     |  |  |                                |  |  +--+                                 
     |  |  |                                |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis              
     |  |  |                                +--+                                       
     |  |  |                                   |  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana          
     |  |  |                                   |  |                                    
     |  |  |                                   |  |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata        
     +--+  |                                   +--+--+                                 
        |  |                                      |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa            
        |  |                                      |                                    
        |  |                                      |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata            
        |  |                                      +--+                                 
        |  |                                         +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana           
        |  |                                                                           
        |  |        +----------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus       
        |  |        |                                                                  
        |  |        |  +-------------------------------- Hemistena_lata                
        |  |        |  |                                                               
        |  |  +-----+  |                          +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus           
        |  |  |     |  |  +-----------------------+                                    
        |  |  |     |  |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca                 
        |  |  |     |  |  |                       +--+                                 
        |  |  |     |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens           
        |  |  |     +--+  |                                                            
        |  |  |        |  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata              
        |  |  |        |  |  +-----------------------+                                 
        |  |  |        |  |  |                       +-- Parvaspina_collina            
        +--+  |        |  |  |                                                         
           |  |        |  |  |                    +----- Pleuronaia_gibber             
           |  |        |  |  +--------------------+                                    
           |  |        +--+  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana         
           |  |           |  |                    +--+                                 
           |  |           |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides      
           |  |           |  |                                                         
           |  |           |  |              +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda          
           |  |           |  |              |                                          
           |  |           |  |              |        +-- Fusconaia_cor                 
           |  |           |  +--------------+  +-----+                                 
           |  |           |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus            
           |  |           |  |              |  |                                       
           |  |           |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1           
           |  |           |  |              +--+     |                                 
           |  |           +--+                 |  +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2           
           |  |              |                 |  |  |                                 
           |  |              |                 |  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava               
           |  |              |                 +--+                                    
           |  |              |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1           
           |  |              |                    |  |                                 
           |  |              |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2           
           |  |              |                    +--+                                 
           |  |              |                       +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3           
           |  |              |                       |                                 
           |  |              |                       +-- Fusconaia_escambia            
           |  |              |                                                         
           |  |              |                    +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2        
           |  |              |  +-----------------+                                    
           |  |              |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1        
           |  |              |  |                 +--+                                 
           +--+              |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum           
              |              +--+                                                      
              |                 |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme          
              |                 |  |                                                   
              |                 |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2      
              |                 |  |                 |                                 
              |                 +--+  +--------------+-- Pleurobema_georgianum__3      
              |                    |  |              |                                 
              |                    |  |              +-- Pleurobema_athearni           
              |                    |  |                                                
              |                    |  |           +----- Pleurobema_decisum            
              |                    +--+           |                                    
              |                       |  +--------+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1     
              |                       |  |        |  |                                 
              |                       |  |        +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2     
              |                       |  |           |                                 
              |                       |  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1      
              |                       +--+                                             
              |                          |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1        
              |                          |           |                                 
              |                          |  +--------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2        
              |                          |  |        |                                 
              |                          +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava              
              |                             |                                          
              |                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum         
              |                             +--+                                       
              |                                |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum           
              |                                +--+                                    
              |                                   |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum          
              |                                   +--+                                 
              |                                      +-- Pleurobema_taitianum          
              |                                                                        
              |                                   +----- Plectomerus_dombeyanus        
              |  +--------------------------------+                                    
              |  |                                |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus               
              |  |                                +--+                                 
              |  |                                   +-- Reginaia_rotulata             
              |  |                                                                     
              |  |                                +----- Popenaias_popeii              
              |  |  +-----------------------------+                                    
              |  |  |                             |  +-- Amblema_elliottii             
              +--+  |                             +--+                                 
                 |  |                                +-- Amblema_plicata               
                 |  |                                                                  
                 |  |                                +-- Toxolasma_parvum              
                 |  |                          +-----+                                 
                 |  |                          |     +-- Toxolasma_texasiense          
                 |  |  +-----------------------+                                       
                 |  |  |                       |  +----- Obliquaria_reflexa            
                 +--+  |                       +--+                                    
                    |  |                          |  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis       
                    |  |                          +--+                                 
                    |  |                             +-- Glebula_rotundata             
                    |  |                                                               
                    |  |                             +-- Potamilus_fragilis            
                    |  |                          +--+                                 
                    |  |                          |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon            
                    |  |              +-----------+                                    
                    |  |              |           |  +-- Potamilus_alatus              
                    |  |              |           +--+                                 
                    +--+              |              +-- Potamilus_purpuratus          
                       |              |                                                
                       |  +-----------+              +-- Sagittunio_nasutus            
                       |  |           |           +--+                                 
                       |  |           |           |  +-- Medionidus_conradicus         
                       |  |           |  +--------+                                    
                       |  |           |  |        |  +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris    
                       |  |           |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |           +--+           +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
                       |  |              |                                             
                       |  |              |  +----------- Medionidus_acutissimus        
                       |  |              +--+                                          
                       |  |                 |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus                
                       |  |                 +--+                                       
                       +--+                    |  +----- Dromus_dromas                 
                          |                    +--+                                    
                          |                       |  +-- Cyprogenia_aberti             
                          |                       +--+                                 
                          |                          +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria           
                          |                                                            
                          |                          +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata          
                          |  +-----------------------+                                 
                          |  |                       +-- Truncilla_truncata            
                          |  |                                                         
                          |  |  +----------------------- Villosa_villosa               
                          |  |  |                                                      
                          |  |  |                    +-- Obovaria_olivaria             
                          +--+  |     +--------------+                                 
                             |  |     |              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
                             |  |     |                                                
                             |  |  +--+           +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
                             |  |  |  |  +--------+                                    
                             |  |  |  |  |        |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
                             +--+  |  |  |        +--+                                 
                                |  |  +--+           +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
                                |  |     |                                             
                                |  |     |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens          
                                |  |     +--+                                          
                                |  |        |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra          
                                |  |        +--+                                       
                                |  |           |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__2         
                                |  |           +--+                                    
                                |  |              |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis       
                                +--+              +--+                                 
                                   |                 +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1         
                                   |                                                   
                                   |                 +-- Ligumia_recta                 
                                   |        +--------+                                 
                                   |        |        +-- Cambarunio_iris               
                                   |     +--+                                          
                                   |     |  |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres               
                                   |     |  +--+                                       
                                   |     |     |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                                   |     |     +--+                                    
                                   |     |        |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                                   |     |        +--+                                 
                                   |     |           +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis          
                                   +-----+                                             
                                         |           +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
                                         |        +--+                                 
                                         |        |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
                                         |  +-----+                                    
                                         |  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
                                         |  |     +--+                                 
                                         |  |        +-- Lampsilis_ornata              
                                         |  |                                          
                                         +--+     +----- Hamiota_australis__2          
                                            |  +--+                                    
                                            |  |  |  +-- Hamiota_australis__1          
                                            |  |  +--+                                 
                                            |  |     +-- Hamiota_subangulata           
                                            +--+                                       
                                               |  +----- Hamiota_altilis__2            
                                               |  |                                    
                                               |  |  +-- Hamiota_altilis__1            
                                               +--+--+                                 
                                                  |  +-- Hamiota_perovalis__1          
                                                  |                                    
                                                  |  +-- Hamiota_altilis__3            
                                                  +--+                                 
                                                     +-- Hamiota_perovalis__2

Cladogram Figure 2

                                               +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta        
  +--------------------------------------------+                                 
  |                                            +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera   
  |                                                                              
  |                                   +----------- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii        
  |                                   |                                          
  |  +--------------------------------+  +-------- Pyganodon_grandis             
  |  |                                |  |                                       
  |  |                                |  |     +-- Lasmigona_costata             
  |  |                                +--+-----+                                 
  |  |                                   |     +-- Pseudodontoideus_subvexus     
--+  |                                   |                                       
  |  |                                   |  +----- Alasminota_holstonia          
  |  |                                   +--+                                    
  |  |                                      |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea               
  |  |                                      +--+                                 
  |  |                                         +-- Anodonta_oregonensis          
  |  |                                                                           
  |  |                                      +----- Gonidea_angulata              
  |  |  +-----------------------------------+                                    
  |  |  |                                   |  +-- Potomida_littoralis           
  |  |  |                                   +--+                                 
  +--+  |                                      +-- Pronodularia_japanensis       
     |  |                                                                        
     |  |                    +-------------------- Megalonaias_nervosa           
     |  |                    |                                                   
     |  |  +-----------------+  +----------------- Uniomerus_declivis            
     |  |  |                 |  |                                                
     |  |  |                 +--+  +-------------- Theliderma_metanevra          
     |  |  |                    |  |                                             
     |  |  |                    +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula             
     |  |  |                       |  |                                          
     |  |  |                       |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis              
     |  |  |                       +--+  +-----+                                 
     |  |  |                          |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa            
     |  |  |                          |  |                                       
     |  |  |                          +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana          
     |  |  |                             |  |                                    
     +--+  |                             |  |  +-- Cyclonaias_tuberculata        
        |  |                             +--+--+                                 
        |  |                                |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa            
        |  |                                |                                    
        |  |                                |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata            
        |  |                                +--+                                 
        |  |                                   +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana           
        |  |                                                                     
        |  |     +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus       
        |  |     |                                                               
        |  |     |  +----------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus           
        |  |     |  |                                                            
        |  |     |  +----------------------------- Parvaspina_collina            
        |  |  +--+  |                                                            
        |  |  |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_arca                 
        |  |  |  |  +--------------------------+                                 
        |  |  |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens           
        |  |  |  |  |                                                            
        |  |  |  +--+  +-------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata              
        |  |  |     |  |                                                         
        +--+  |     |  +-------------------------- Hemistena_lata                
           |  |     |  |                                                         
           |  |     |  |                    +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2        
           |  |     |  |  +-----------------+                                    
           |  |     |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1        
           |  |     |  |  |                 +--+                                 
           |  |     |  |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum           
           |  |     +--+  |                                                      
           |  |        |  |        +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda          
           |  |        |  |        |                                             
           |  |        |  |        |           +-- Fusconaia_cor                 
           |  |        |  +--------+  +--------+                                 
           |  |        |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus            
           |  |        |  |        |  |                                          
           |  |        |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina              
           |  |        |  |           |  +-----+                                 
           |  |        |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava               
           |  |        +--+           +--+                                       
           |  |           |              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2           
           |  |           |              +--+                                    
           |  |           |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_escambia            
           |  |           |                 +--+                                 
           |  |           |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1           
           |  |           |                                                      
           |  |           |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber             
           |  |           |  +--------------+                                    
           |  |           |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana         
           |  |           |  |              +--+                                 
           |  |           |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides      
           |  |           |  |                                                   
           |  |           |  |           +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum           
           |  |           +--+  +--------+                                       
           +--+              |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum         
              |              |  |        +--+                                    
              |              |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum          
              |              |  |           +--+                                 
              |              |  |              +-- Pleurobema_taitianum          
              |              +--+                                                
              |                 |              +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1        
              |                 |              |                                 
              |                 |  +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2        
              |                 |  |           |                                 
              |                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava              
              |                 +--+                                             
              |                    |  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme          
              |                    |  |                                          
              |                    +--+        +-- Pleurobema_athearni           
              |                       |  +-----+                                 
              |                       |  |     +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2      
              |                       +--+                                       
              |                          |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum            
              |                          |  |                                    
              |                          +--+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1     
              |                             |  |                                 
              |                             +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2     
              |                                |                                 
              |                                +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1      
              |                                                                  
              |                          +-------- Popenaias_popeii              
              |                          |                                       
              |           +--------------+     +-- Amblema_elliottii             
              |           |              |  +--+                                 
              |           |              |  |  +-- Amblema_plicata               
              |           |              +--+                                    
              |           |                 |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus               
              |           |                 |  |                                 
              |           |                 +--+-- Reginaia_rotulata__1          
              |           |                    |                                 
              |           |                    +-- Reginaia_rotulata__2          
              |           |                                                      
              |           |                 +----- Plectomerus_dombeyanus        
              |           |  +--------------+                                    
              +-----------+  |              |  +-- Toxolasma_parvum              
                          |  |              +--+                                 
                          |  |                 +-- Toxolasma_texasiense          
                          |  |                                                   
                          |  |              +----- Obliquaria_reflexa            
                          |  |  +-----------+                                    
                          |  |  |           |  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis       
                          |  |  |           +--+                                 
                          |  |  |              +-- Glebula_rotundata             
                          |  |  |                                                
                          |  |  |  +-------------- Sagittunio_nasutus            
                          |  |  |  |                                             
                          +--+  |  +-------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis          
                             |  |  |                                             
                             |  |  |           +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata          
                             |  |  +-----------+                                 
                             |  |  |           +-- Truncilla_truncata            
                             |  |  |                                             
                             |  |  |        +----- Lampsilis_teres               
                             |  |  +--------+                                    
                             |  |  |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                             |  |  |        +--+                                 
                             |  |  |           +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                             |  |  |                                             
                             |  |  |        +----- Villosa_villosa               
                             |  |  +--------+                                    
                             +--+  |        |  +-- Ligumia_recta                 
                                |  |        +--+                                 
                                |  |           +-- Cambarunio_iris               
                                |  |                                             
                                |  |     +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
                                |  +-----+                                       
                                |  |     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
                                |  |     +--+                                    
                                |  |        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
                                |  |        +--+                                 
                                |  |           +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
                                |  |                                             
                                |  |           +-- Potamilus_fragilis            
                                |  |        +--+                                 
                                |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon            
                                |  +--------+                                    
                                |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus              
                                |  |        +--+                                 
                                |  |           +-- Potamilus_purpuratus          
                                |  |                                             
                                |  |           +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris    
                                +--+  +--------+                                 
                                   |  |        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
                                   |  |                                          
                                   +--+  +-------- Medionidus_conradicus         
                                   |  |  |                                       
                                   |  |  |     +-- Lemiox_rimosus                
                                   |  +--+-----+                                 
                                   |     |     +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
                                   |     |                                       
                                   |     |  +----- Dromus_dromas                 
                                   |     +--+                                    
                                   |        |  +-- Cyprogenia_aberti             
                                   |        +--+                                 
                                   |           +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria           
                                   |                                             
                                   |        +----- Hamiota_australis__2          
                                   |  +-----+                                    
                                   |  |     |  +-- Hamiota_australis__1          
                                   |  |     +--+                                 
                                   |  |        +-- Hamiota_subangulata           
                                   +--+                                          
                                   |  |        +-- Hamiota_altilis__3            
                                   |  |  +-----+                                 
                                   |  |  |     +-- Hamiota_perovalis__2          
                                   |  +--+                                       
                                   |     |  +----- Hamiota_altilis__2            
                                   |     +--+                                    
                                   |        |  +-- Hamiota_altilis__1            
                                   |        +--+                                 
                                   |           +-- Hamiota_perovalis__1          
                                   |                                             
                                   |  +----------- Obovaria_olivaria             
                                   |  |                                          
                                   |  +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
                                   |  |                                          
                                   |  |     +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
                                   |  +-----+                                    
                                   +--+     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
                                      |     +--+                                 
                                      |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
                                      |                                          
                                      |        +-- Epioblasma_brevidens          
                                      |  +-----+                                 
                                      |  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra          
                                      +--+                                       
                                         |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__1         
                                         +--+                                    
                                            |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2         
                                            +--+                                 
                                               +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis

Page updated: 11:27:03 Tue 05 Nov 2024

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