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Page last updated
Wed 04 Dec 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini

genus Fusconaia Simpson, 1900: cladomics
     19 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 19

analyzed in 83 cladograms in 47 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 13, mean = 3.02

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 32
maximum number of included terminals = 13, mean = 6.25
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.91


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 14 50 91 45 8 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus             
  |                                                                   
  |                                      +-- Elliptio_lanceolata      
  |  +-----------------------------------+                            
  |  |                                   +-- Parvaspina               
  |  |                                                                
  |  |  +----------------------------------- Plethobasus              
  |  |  |                                                             
  |  |  +----------------------------------- Eurynia                  
  |  |  |                                                             
  |  |  +----------------------------------- Hemistena                
  |  |  |                                                             
--+  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_complanata      
  |  |  |                                |                            
  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis    
  |  |  |                                |                            
  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta__1     
  |  |  |                                |                            
  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_shepardiana     
  |  |  |                                |                            
  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_angustata       
  |  |  |                                |                            
  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_arca            
  |  |  |                                |                            
  |  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  +--+  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_jayensis        
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
     |  |                                |                            
     |  +--------------------------------+-- Elliptio_dariensis       
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_fisheriana      
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_folliculata     
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_fumata          
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_icterina        
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli      
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta__2     
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_pullata         
     |  |                                |                            
     |  |                                +-- Elliptio_purpurella      
     +--+                                |                            
        |                                +-- Elliptio_congaraea       
        |                                                             
        |  +-------------------------------- Pleuronaia               
        |  |                                                          
        |  |     +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum        
        |  |     |                                                    
        |  |     |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile       
        |  |     |  |                                                 
        |  |     |  |                 +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
        |  |  +--+  |              +--+                               
        |  |  |  |  |              |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 
        |  |  |  |  |              |  +--+                            
        |  |  |  |  |  +-----------+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
        |  |  |  |  |  |           |                                  
        |  |  |  +--+  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
        |  |  |     |  |           |  |                               
        |  |  |     |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 
        |  |  |     |  |              |  |                            
        |  |  |     |  |              +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
        |  |  |     |  |                 |                            
        |  |  |     |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
        |  |  |     |  |                                              
        |  |  |     +--+     +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__2
        |  |  |        |     |                                        
        |  |  |        |  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum__2 
        |  |  |        |  |  |  |                                     
        |  |  |        |  |  +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
        |  |  |        |  |     |                                     
        |  |  |        |  |     |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__1
        |  |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
        |  |  |        |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_taitianum     
        |  |  |        |  |        +--+                               
        |  |  |        |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
        |  |  |        +--+           +--+                            
        |  |  |           |              +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum__1 
        |  |  |           |                                           
        |  |  |           |           +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__6   
        |  |  |           |           |                               
        |  |  |           |        +--+----- Pleurobema_clava__3      
        |  |  |           |        |  |                               
        +--+  |           |        |  |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__5   
           |  |           |        |  +--+                            
           |  |           +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_clava__2      
           |  |                    |                                  
           |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2   
           |  |                    |  |                               
           |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__3   
           |  |                    +--+                               
           |  |                       +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__4   
           |  |                       |                               
           |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_clava__1      
           |  |                       +--+                            
           |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1   
           |  |                                                       
           |  |           +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii     
           |  |           |                                           
           |  |           |  +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__34  
           |  |           |  |                                        
           |  |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__31  
           |  |           |  |  |                                     
           |  +-----------+  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__32  
           |  |           |  |  |                                     
           |  |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__33  
           |  |           |  |  |                                     
           |  |           |  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__4            
           |  |           |  |  |  |                                  
           |  |           |  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__5            
           |  |           +--+  |  |                                  
           |  |              |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2   
           |  |              |  |  |                                  
           |  |              |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3   
           |  |              |  |  |                                  
           |  |              |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__8            
           |  |              |  |  |                                  
           |  |              |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__9            
           |  |              |  |  |                                  
           |  |              |  |  +-------- Pleurobema__10           
           |  |              |  |  |                                  
           +--+              |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__5   
              |              +--+  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__6   
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__7   
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__8   
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__9   
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__10  
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__11  
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__12  
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__13  
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__14  
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__15  
              |                 |  |                                  
              |                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__16  
              |                 +--+                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__17  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__18  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__19  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__20  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__21  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__22  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__23  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__24  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__25  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__26  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__27  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__28  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__29  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__30  
              |                    |                                  
              |                    |     +-- Pleurobema__6            
              |                    +-----+                            
              |                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1   
              |                    |                                  
              |                    |     +-- Pleurobema__7            
              |                    +-----+                            
              |                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__4   
              |                    |                                  
              |                    |  +----- Pleurobema__3            
              |                    +--+                               
              |                       |  +-- Pleurobema__1            
              |                       +--+                            
              |                          +-- Pleurobema__2            
              |                                                       
              |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum      
              |  |                                                    
              |  |                    +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **     
              |  |  +-----------------+                               
              +--+  |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cor **            
                 |  |                 +--+                            
                 |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **       
                 |  |                                                 
                 |  |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **     
                 +--+  |                                              
                    |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_escambia **       
                    |  |  +--------------+                            
                    |  |  |              +-- Fusconaia_burkei **         
                    |  |  |                                           
                    |  |  |           +----- Fusconaia_flava__27 **      
                    |  |  |           |                               
                    +--+  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **       
                       |  |           +--+                            
                       |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **      
                       |  +-----------+                               
                       |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **      
                       |  |           |  |                            
                       |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **      
                       |  |           |  |                            
                       +--+           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **      
                          |           +--+                            
                          |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi__4 **      
                          |              |                            
                          |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi__5 **      
                          |              |                            
                          |              +-- Fusconaia_chunii **         
                          |                                           
                          |  +-------------- Fusconaia_masoni **         
                          |  |                                        
                          |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava__26 **      
                          |  |  |                                     
                          |  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cerina__8 **      
                          +--+  |  +-----+                            
                             |  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava__25 **      
                             |  |  |                                  
                             |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__5 **       
                             |  |  |  |                               
                             |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__6 **       
                             +--+  |  |                               
                                |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__7 **       
                                |  |  |                               
                                |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__8 **       
                                |  |  |                               
                                |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__4 **      
                                |  |  |                               
                                |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__9 **       
                                |  |  |                               
                                +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava__10 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__11 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__12 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__13 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__14 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__15 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__16 **      
                                   |  |                               
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__17 **      
                                   +--+                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__18 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__19 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__20 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__21 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__22 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__23 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_flava__24 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_cerina__5 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_cerina__6 **      
                                      |                               
                                      +----- Fusconaia_cerina__7 **      
                                      |                               
                                      |  +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **       
                                      |  |                            
                                      |  +-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **       
                                      |  |                            
                                      |  +-- Fusconaia_flava__3 **       
                                      |  |                            
                                      +--+-- Fusconaia_flava__4 **       
                                         |                            
                                         +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **      
                                         |                            
                                         +-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **      
                                         |                            
                                         +-- Fusconaia_cerina__3 **      

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 17 30 7 4 2 26.0
  +----------------------------------- Eurynia                
  |                                                           
  +----------------------------------- Pleurobema             
  |                                                           
  |                             +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **   
--+  +--------------------------+                             
  |  |                          |  +-- Fusconaia_cor **          
  |  |                          +--+                          
  |  |                             +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **     
  |  |                                                        
  +--+  +----------------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **   
     |  |                                                     
     |  |                 +----------- Fusconaia_cerina__3 **    
     |  |                 |                                   
     |  |  +--------------+  +-------- Fusconaia_flava__1 **     
     +--+  |              |  |                                
        |  |              +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava__3 **     
        |  |                 |  |                             
        |  |                 +--+  +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **    
        |  |                    |  |                          
        |  |                    +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **    
        +--+                       |                          
           |                       +-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **     
           |                                                  
           |  +----------------------- Fusconaia_masoni **       
           |  |                                               
           |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei **       
           |  +--------------------+                          
           +--+                    +-- Fusconaia_escambia **     
              |                                               
              |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_mitchelli **    
              |  |                                            
              +--+  +----------------- Fusconaia_chunii **       
                 |  |                                         
                 |  |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi__9 **    
                 +--+  |                                      
                    |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi__6 **    
                    |  |  |                                   
                    +--+  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi__7 **    
                       |  |                                   
                       |  +----------- Fusconaia_askewi__8 **    
                       |  |                                   
                       |  +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis__5 **
                       +--+                                   
                          +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis__6 **
                          |                                   
                          |  +-------- Fusconaia_askewi__5 **    
                          |  |                                
                          |  +-------- Fusconaia_lananensis__4 **
                          |  |                                
                          +--+  +----- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **    
                             |  |                             
                             |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **    
                             |  |                             
                             +--+----- Fusconaia_askewi__4 **    
                                |                             
                                |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **    
                                |  |                          
                                |  +-- Fusconaia_lananensis__1 **
                                +--+                          
                                   +-- Fusconaia_lananensis__2 **
                                   |                          
                                   +-- Fusconaia_lananensis__3 **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 11 1 1 1 40.0
  +-------------- Pleurobema          
  |                                   
  |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
  |  +-----+                          
--+  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
  |  |     +--+                       
  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
  |  |                                
  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **  
  +--+     +--+                       
     |     |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli ** 
     |  +--+                          
     |  |  |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi **    
     |  |  +--+                       
     |  |     +-- Fusconaia_chunii **    
     +--+                             
        |     +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
        |  +--+                       
        |  |  +-- Fusconaia_masoni **    
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei **    
           +--+                       
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 6 11 9 8 8 41.0
  +----------------------- Elliptoideus        
  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Elliptio            
--+  |                                         
  |  +-------------------- Plethobasus         
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +----------------- Parvaspina          
     |  |                                      
     |  |              +-- Hemistena           
     |  +--------------+                       
     |  |              +-- Eurynia             
     +--+                                      
        |              +-- Pleuronaia          
        |  +-----------+                       
        |  |           +-- Pleurobema          
        |  |                                   
        |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
        +--+  |                                
           |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Fusconaia_flava **     
              |  |                             
              |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **    
              |  |                             
              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei **    
              +--+-----+                       
                 |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  
                 |                             
                 |     +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **  
                 |  +--+                       
                 |  |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli ** 
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi **    
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Fusconaia_chunii **    

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 16 25 24 7 43.0
  +-------------------------------- Hemistena              
  |                                                        
  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile     
  |                                                        
  |  +----------------------------- Eurynia                
  |  |                                                     
--+  |                    +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii   
  |  |                    |                                
  |  |  +-----------------+  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2 
  |  |  |                 |  |                             
  |  |  |                 +--+----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3 
  |  |  |                    |                             
  +--+  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum    
     |  |                    +--+                          
     |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1 
     |  |                                                  
     |  |  +----------------------- Parvaspina             
     |  |  |                                               
     |  |  +----------------------- Pleuronaia             
     |  |  |                                               
     +--+  |                    +-- Plethobasus            
        |  +--------------------+                          
        |  |                    +-- Elliptio               
        |  |                                               
        |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_clava       
        |  |           +--------+                          
        |  |           |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme    
        |  |           |                                   
        |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum     
        |  +-----------+  |                                
        |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme   
        |  |           |  |                                
        +--+           |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum 
           |           +--+                                
           |              +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum  
           |              |                                
           |              |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum    
           |              |  |                             
           |              |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum 
           |              +--+                             
           |                 +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
           |                 |                             
           |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum   
           |                 +--+                          
           |                    +-- Pleurobema_taitianum   
           |                                               
           |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **   
           |  |                                            
           |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor **          
           +--+  +--------------+                          
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **     
              |  |                                         
              |  |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **   
              +--+  |                                      
                 |  |     +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **       
                 |  |     |                                
                 |  |     |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei **       
                 |  |  +--+-----+                          
                 +--+  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia **     
                    |  |  |                                
                    |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina **       
                    |  |  +--+                             
                    |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **    
                    |  |     +--+                          
                    +--+        +-- Fusconaia_flava **        
                       |                                   
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **    
                       |        |                          
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **    
                       |        |                          
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi__4 **    
                       +--------+                          
                                +-- Fusconaia_lananensis__1 **
                                |                          
                                +-- Fusconaia_lananensis__2 **
                                |                          
                                +-- Fusconaia_askewi__5 **    

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 11 13 30 24 7 43.0
  +----------------------------------- Parvaspina            
  |                                                          
  |                                +-- Plethobasus           
  |  +-----------------------------+                         
  |  |                             +-- Elliptio              
  |  |                                                       
--+  |           +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **  
  |  |           |                                           
  |  |           |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor **         
  |  |  +--------+  +--------------+                         
  |  |  |        |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **    
  |  |  |        |  |                                        
  |  |  |        +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **  
  +--+  |           |  |                                     
     |  |           |  |     +-------- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **   
     |  |           |  |  +--+                               
     |  |           +--+  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **   
     |  |              |  |  +--+                            
     |  |              |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_lananensis **  
     |  |              |  |     +--+                         
     |  |              +--+        +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **   
     |  |                 |                                  
     |  |                 |        +-- Fusconaia_burkei **      
     +--+                 |  +-----+                         
        |                 |  |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia **    
        |                 +--+                               
        |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni **      
        |                    +--+                            
        |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **       
        |                       +--+                         
        |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina **      
        |                                                    
        |                          +-- Eurynia               
        |  +-----------------------+                         
        |  |                       +-- Hemistena             
        |  |                                                 
        |  |              +----------- Pleuronaia            
        +--+  +-----------+                                  
           |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii  
           |  |           +--+                               
           |  |              |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
           |  |              +--+                            
           +--+                 |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
              |                 +--+                         
              |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum   
              |                                              
              |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile    
              |  |                                           
              +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme  
                 |  |                                        
                 |  |           +----- Pleurobema_georgianum 
                 +--+  +--------+                            
                    |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
                    |  |        +--+                         
                    |  |           +-- Pleurobema_decisum    
                    +--+                                     
                       |           +-- Pleurobema_clava      
                       |  +--------+                         
                       |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
                       +--+                                  
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
                          |  |                               
                          +--+     +-- Pleurobema_rubellum   
                             |  +--+                         
                             |  |  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
                             +--+                            
                                |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum  
                                +--+                         
                                   +-- Pleurobema_taitianum  

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 6 12 25 25 7 45.0
  +----------------------------------- Parvaspina            
  |                                                          
  |  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum     
  |  |                                                       
--+  |                             +-- Plethobasus           
  |  |                          +--+                         
  |  |                          |  +-- Hemistena             
  |  |  +-----------------------+                            
  +--+  |                       |  +-- Eurynia               
     |  |                       +--+                         
     |  |                          +-- Elliptio              
     |  |                                                    
     |  |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum__2
     |  |  |                                                 
     +--+  |           +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **  
        |  |           |                                     
        |  |           |           +-- Fusconaia_cor **         
        |  |           |  +--------+                         
        |  |  +--------+  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **    
        |  |  |        |  |                                  
        |  |  |        |  |  +-------- Fusconaia_flava__2 **    
        |  |  |        |  |  |                               
        +--+  |        +--+  +-------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **  
           |  |           |  |                               
           |  |           |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **      
           |  |           |  |                               
           |  |           |  |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi **      
           |  |           +--+--+                            
           |  |              |  |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei **      
           |  |              |  +--+                         
           |  |              |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia **    
           |  |              |                               
           +--+              |     +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **    
              |              |     |                         
              |              +-----+-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **   
              |                    |                         
              |                    +-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **   
              |                                              
              |              +-------- Pleurobema_stabile    
              |              |                               
              |  +-----------+  +----- Pleurobema_riddellii  
              |  |           |  |                            
              |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__1
              |  |              |  |                         
              |  |              |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
              |  |              +--+                         
              +--+                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
                 |                 |                         
                 |                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
                 |                                           
                 |  +----------------- Pleuronaia            
                 |  |                                        
                 |  |              +-- Pleurobema_georgianum 
                 +--+  +-----------+                         
                    |  |           +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme  
                    |  |                                     
                    +--+           +-- Pleurobema_decisum    
                       |  +--------+                         
                       |  |        +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
                       |  |                                  
                       +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava      
                          |  +-----+                         
                          |  |     +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
                          |  |                               
                          +--+  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum   
                             |  |                            
                             |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
                             +--+                            
                                +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
                                |                            
                                |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum  
                                +--+                         
                                   +-- Pleurobema_taitianum  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 9 16 34 16 8 41.0
  +-------------------------------------- Elliptio            
  |                                                           
--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia             
  |  |                                                        
  |  |  +-------------------------------- Parvaspina          
  +--+  |                                                     
     |  |                             +-- Hemistena           
     |  +-----------------------------+                       
     |  |                             +-- Plethobasus         
     +--+                                                     
        |  +----------------------------- Pleuronaia          
        |  |                                                  
        |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_stabile  
        |  |                    +-----+                       
        +--+                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia 
           |  +-----------------+                             
           |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum  
           |  |                 +--+                          
           |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_clava    
           +--+                    +--+                       
              |                       +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
              |                                               
              |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum 
              |  |                                            
              +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
                 |  |                                         
                 |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
                 +--+  +--------------+                       
                    |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
                    |  |                                      
                    +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
                       |  |                                   
                       |  |           +-- Fusconaia_flava__6 **  
                       |  |  +--------+                       
                       +--+  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni **    
                          |  |                                
                          |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  
                          |  |        |                       
                          +--+        +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 ** 
                             |  +-----+                       
                             |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2 ** 
                             |  |     |                       
                             |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 ** 
                             +--+                             
                                |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__5 **  
                                |  |                          
                                |  |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina **    
                                +--+  |                       
                                   |  +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **  
                                   |  |                       
                                   +--+-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **  
                                      |                       
                                      +-- Fusconaia_flava__3 **  
                                      |                       
                                      +-- Fusconaia_flava__4 **  

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 10 33 16 8 43.0
  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus        
  |                                                              
  |  +-------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile  
--+  |                                                           
  |  |                                +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
  |  |  +-----------------------------+                          
  +--+  |                             |  +-- Pleurobema_clava    
     |  |                             +--+                       
     |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_decisum  
     |  |                                                        
     +--+                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum 
        |  +-----------------------------+                       
        |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia 
        |  |                                                     
        |  |                             +-- Eurynia             
        +--+                          +--+                       
           |                          |  +-- Hemistena           
           |  +-----------------------+                          
           |  |                       |  +-- Plethobasus         
           |  |                       +--+                       
           +--+                          +-- Elliptio            
              |                                                  
              |  +-------------------------- Pleuronaia          
              |  |                                               
              +--+  +----------------------- Parvaspina          
                 |  |                                            
                 +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
                    |  |                                         
                    +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
                       |  +--------------+                       
                       |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
                       +--+                                      
                          |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
                          |  |                                   
                          +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei **    
                             |  +--------+                       
                             |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  
                             +--+                                
                                |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **    
                                +--+                             
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2 ** 
                                   +--+                          
                                      |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
                                      +--+                       
                                         +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 ** 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 10 33 16 8 43.0
  +-------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus        
  |                                                                 
--+  +----------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile  
  |  |                                                              
  +--+  +-------------------------------------- Hemistena           
     |  |                                                           
     +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia             
        |  |                                                        
        |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum 
        +--+  +-----------------------------+                       
           |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia 
           |  |                                                     
           |  |                          +----- Pleurobema_clava    
           +--+  +-----------------------+                          
              |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum  
              |  |                       +--+                       
              |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
              +--+                                                  
                 |                          +-- Parvaspina          
                 |  +-----------------------+                       
                 |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia          
                 |  |                                               
                 +--+                       +-- Plethobasus         
                    |  +--------------------+                       
                    |  |                    +-- Elliptio            
                    +--+                                            
                       |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
                       |  |                                         
                       +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
                          |  +--------------+                       
                          |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
                          +--+                                      
                             |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
                             |  |                                   
                             +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei **    
                                |  +--------+                       
                                |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  
                                +--+                                
                                   |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **    
                                   +--+                             
                                      |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2 ** 
                                      +--+                          
                                         |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
                                         +--+                       
                                            +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 ** 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 10 33 16 8 41.0
  +-------------------------- Elliptoideus        
  |                                               
  |  +----------------------- Hemistena           
  |  |                                            
--+  +----------------------- Plethobasus         
  |  |                                            
  |  +----------------------- Elliptio            
  |  |                                            
  |  |                    +-- Eurynia             
  +--+--------------------+                       
     |                    +-- Parvaspina          
     |                                            
     |  +-------------------- Pleuronaia          
     |  |                                         
     |  +-------------------- Pleurobema          
     |  |                                         
     +--+              +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
        |  +-----------+                          
        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
        |  |           +--+                       
        +--+              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
           |                                      
           |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
           |  |                                   
           +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei **    
              |  +--------+                       
              |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2 ** 
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 ** 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 9 64 32 8 43.0
  +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus          
  |                                                       
  |  +----------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile    
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_clava      
--+  |              +-----------+                         
  |  |              |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
  |  |              |                                     
  |  |  +-----------+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme  
  |  |  |           |  |                                  
  |  |  |           |  |        +-- Pleurobema_athearni   
  +--+  |           |  |     +--+                         
     |  |           +--+     |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum 
     |  |              |  +--+                            
     |  |              |  |  |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum    
     |  |              |  |  +--+                         
     |  |              |  |     +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
     |  |              +--+                               
     |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
     |  |                 |  |                            
     |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
     +--+                 +--+                            
        |                    +----- Pleurobema_rubellum   
        |                    |                            
        |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum  
        |                    +--+                         
        |                       +-- Pleurobema_taitianum  
        |                                                 
        |                    +----- Pleurobema_riddellii  
        |  +-----------------+                            
        |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia   
        |  |                 +--+                         
        |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum   
        |  |                                              
        |  |           +----------- Pleuronaia            
        +--+           |                                  
           |  +--------+        +-- Eurynia               
           |  |        |  +-----+                         
           |  |        |  |     +-- Parvaspina            
           |  |        +--+                               
           |  |           |  +----- Elliptio              
           |  |           +--+                            
           +--+              |  +-- Hemistena             
              |              +--+                         
              |                 +-- Plethobasus           
              |                                           
              |  +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **  
              |  |                                        
              +--+              +-- Fusconaia_cor **         
                 |  +-----------+                         
                 |  |           +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **    
                 +--+                                     
                    |  +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **  
                    |  |                                  
                    +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **    
                       |  +-----+                         
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei **      
                       +--+                               
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni **      
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **       
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Fusconaia_cerina **      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 9 64 32 8 43.0
  +-------------------------- Elliptoideus        
  |                                               
  |  +----------------------- Elliptio            
  |  |                                            
--+  |                    +-- Eurynia             
  |  +--------------------+                       
  |  |                    +-- Parvaspina          
  |  |                                            
  +--+                    +-- Hemistena           
     +--------------------+                       
     |                    +-- Plethobasus         
     |                                            
     |  +-------------------- Pleuronaia          
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema          
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
           |  |                                   
           |  |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
           +--+  +-----+                          
              |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
              |  |     +--+                       
              |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
              +--+                                
                 |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  
                 |  +-----+                       
                 |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei **    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina **    
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Fusconaia_flava **     

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 7 12 23 21 6 42.0
                             +----- Eurynia               
  +--------------------------+                            
  |                          |  +-- Plethobasus           
  |                          +--+                         
  |                             +-- Elliptio              
  |                                                       
  |  +----------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum     
  |  |                                                    
--+  +----------------------------- Pleuronaia            
  |  |                                                    
  |  |              +-------------- Pleurobema_stabile    
  |  |              |                                     
  |  |              |           +-- Pleurobema_rubellum   
  |  |              |     +-----+                         
  |  |              |     |     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
  |  |  +-----------+  +--+                               
  +--+  |           |  |  |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
     |  |           |  |  +--+                            
     |  |           |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum  
     |  |           |  |     +--+                         
     |  |           +--+        +-- Pleurobema_taitianum  
     |  |              |                                  
     |  |              |        +-- Pleurobema_clava      
     |  |              |  +-----+                         
     |  |              |  |     +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
     |  |              |  |                               
     |  |              +--+     +-- Pleurobema_decisum    
     +--+                 |  +--+                         
        |                 |  |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
        |                 +--+                            
        |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme  
        |                    +--+                         
        |                       +-- Pleurobema_georgianum 
        |                                                 
        |                    +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
        |                    |                            
        |  +-----------------+  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__2
        |  |                 |  |                         
        |  |                 +--+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
        |  |                    |                         
        +--+                    +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
           |                                              
           |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum__1
           |  |                                           
           +--+  +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **  
              |  |                                        
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cor **         
              +--+  +-----------+                         
                 |  |           +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **    
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+  +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **  
                    |  |                                  
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni **      
                    +--+  +-----+                         
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava__3 **    
                       |  |                               
                       +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava__1 **    
                          |  |                            
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__4 **   
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **   
                             |  |                         
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **   
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Fusconaia_cerina__3 **   
                                |                         
                                +-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **    

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 10 95 23 8 45.0
  +----------------------- Elliptoideus        
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Hemistena           
  |  |                                         
  |  |                 +-- Plethobasus         
  +--+  +--------------+                       
     |  |              +-- Elliptio            
     |  |                                      
     |  |  +-------------- Pleuronaia          
     +--+  |                                   
        |  +-------------- Pleurobema          
        |  |                                   
        |  |           +-- Eurynia             
        +--+-----------+                       
           |           +-- Parvaspina          
           |                                   
           |  +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
           |  |                                
           |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cor **       
           +--+  +-----+                       
              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **  
              |  |                             
              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 ** 
              +--+     |                       
                 |  +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 ** 
                 |  |  |                       
                 |  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 ** 
                    |  |                       
                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2 ** 
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 ** 
                       |                       
                       +-- Fusconaia_escambia **  

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 6 8 95 23 8 46.0
  +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus             
  |                                                          
  |  +----------------------------- Plethobasus              
  |  |                                                       
--+  +----------------------------- Parvaspina               
  |  |                                                       
  |  +----------------------------- Elliptio                 
  |  |                                                       
  |  |  +-------------------------- Eurynia                  
  +--+  |                                                    
     |  +-------------------------- Hemistena                
     |  |                                                    
     |  |                    +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2   
     |  |  +-----------------+                               
     |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1   
     |  |  |                 +--+                            
     +--+  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum      
        |  |                                                 
        |  |        +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **     
        |  |        |                                        
        |  |        |           +-- Fusconaia_cor **            
        |  +--------+  +--------+                            
        |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **       
        |  |        |  |                                     
        |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina **         
        +--+           |  +-----+                            
           |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava **          
           |           +--+                                  
           |              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **      
           |              +--+                               
           |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_escambia **       
           |                 +--+                            
           |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **      
           |                                                 
           |  +-------------------- Pleuronaia               
           |  |                                              
           |  |           +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
           |  |  +--------+                                  
           +--+  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum    
              |  |        +--+                               
              |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
              |  |           +--+                            
              |  |              +-- Pleurobema_taitianum     
              +--+                                           
                 |              +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1   
                 |              |                            
                 |  +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2   
                 |  |           |                            
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava         
                 +--+                                        
                    |  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
                    |  |                                     
                    +--+        +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
                       |  +-----+                            
                       |  |     +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 
                       +--+                                  
                          |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
                          |  |                               
                          +--+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
                             |  |                            
                             +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
                                |                            
                                +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 6 8 31 14 8 46.0
  +----------------------- Elliptio             
  |                                             
  |  +-------------------- Parvaspina           
  |  |                                          
  |  +-------------------- Plethobasus          
--+  |                                          
  |  |                 +-- Hemistena            
  |  +-----------------+                        
  |  |                 +-- Eurynia              
  |  |                                          
  |  |              +----- Pleurobema_riddellii 
  +--+           +--+                           
     |           |  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia  
     |           |  +--+                        
     |  +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_cordatum  
     |  |        |                              
     |  |        |  +----- Pleuronaia           
     |  |        |  |                           
     |  |        +--+  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme 
     |  |           |  |                        
     +--+           +--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
        |              |                        
        |              +-- Pleurobema_clava     
        |                                       
        |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi **     
        |  |                                    
        |  |           +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **  
        +--+  +--------+                        
           |  |        +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **   
           |  |                                 
           +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia **   
              |  +-----+                        
              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei **     
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__2 **   
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina **     
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **   

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 32 30 6 46.0
  +----------------- Pleurobema          
  |                                      
  |  +-------------- Pleuronaia          
--+  |                                   
  |  |     +-------- Parvaspina          
  |  |  +--+                             
  +--+  |  |  +----- Elliptio            
     |  |  +--+                          
     |  |     |  +-- Eurynia             
     |  |     +--+                       
     +--+        +-- Hemistena           
        |                                
        |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni **    
        |     +--+                       
        |     |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
        +-----+                          
              |  +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
              +--+                       
                 +-- Fusconaia_cor **       

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 3 5 11 1 1 47.0
  +-------------- Pleurobema         
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava **    
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
           +--+                      
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia ** 

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 5 1 3 21 19 6 49.0
  +----------------- Parvaspina            
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Elliptio_arca         
  |  |                                     
--+  +-------------- Hemistena             
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Elliptio_arctata      
  |  +-----------+                         
  |  |           +-- Elliptio_crassidens   
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------- Eurynia               
     |  |                                  
     |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_oviforme   
     |  |  |                               
     |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_clava      
     |  |  |                               
     +--+  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme  
        |  |                               
        |  +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum 
        |  |                               
        |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
        |  |                               
        +--+-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
           |                               
           +-------- Pleurobema_decisum    
           |                               
           |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia   
           +-----+                         
           |     +-- Pleurobema_rubellum   
           |                               
           |  +----- Elliptio_spinosa      
           |  |                            
           +--+  +-- Fusconaia_escambia **    
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **       
              +--+                         
                 +-- Fusconaia_cerina **      
                 |                         
                 +-- Pleuronaia            

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 50 3 3 48.0
  +----------- Pleurobema      
  |                            
--+        +-- Elliptio        
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Eurynia         
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Fusconaia_askewi **
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
        +--+                   
           +-- Fusconaia_burkei **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 3 5 11 1 1 47.0
  +-------------- Pleurobema         
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava **    
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
           +--+                      
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia ** 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 3 5 11 1 1 47.0
  +-------------- Pleurobema         
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava **    
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
           +--+                      
              +-- Fusconaia_escambia ** 

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 5 11 1 1 47.0
  +-------- Pleurobema         
  |                            
--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava **    
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
     +--+                      
        +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
        |                      
        +-- Fusconaia_escambia ** 

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 27 3 3 --
  +-------- Hemistena       
--+                         
  |  +----- Elliptio        
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
     +--+                   
        +-- Fusconaia_flava ** 

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 24 22 7 --
  +----------------- Parvaspina      
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Hemistena       
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Plethobasus     
  +--+  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Elliptio        
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava ** 
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Pleurobema      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Eurynia         
              +--+                   
                 +-- Pleuronaia      

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 21 0 2 23 20 7 46.0
        +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  +-----+                            
  |     +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |                                  
  |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum      
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_stabile       
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
  |  |                               
--+  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2   
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleuronaia               
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_georgianum__3 
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_cordatum      
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum   
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Hemistena                
  +--+                               
     +----- Fusconaia_flava **          
     |                               
     +----- Fusconaia_cerina **         
     |                               
     +----- Eurynia                  
     |                               
     +----- Elliptio_arca            
     |                               
     +----- Cyrtonaias               
     |                               
     |  +-- Plethobasus              
     +--+                            
     |  +-- Parvaspina               
     |                               
     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia      
     |  |                            
     +--+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1   
     |  |                            
     |  +-- Pleurobema_clava         
     |                               
     |  +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
     |  |                            
     +--+-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 
        |                            
        +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 40 6 5 --
  +-------------- Parvaspina          
  |                                   
--+           +-- Eurynia             
  |  +--------+                       
  |  |        +-- Hemistena           
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Pleurobema          
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Pleuronaia          
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
           +--+                       
              +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 23 0 2 23 20 7 47.0
  +-------------------- Cyrtonaias               
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Eurynia                  
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Fusconaia_cerina **         
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Fusconaia_flava **          
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Hemistena                
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Plethobasus              
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Parvaspina               
  |                                              
--+-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum      
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Pleuronaia               
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Pleurobema_oviforme__2   
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile       
  |                                              
  +-------------------- Elliptio                 
  |                                              
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_decisum       
  |  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia      
  |  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_clava         
  +--+                                           
     +----------------- Pleurobema_oviforme__1   
     |                                           
     |  +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum   
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
           |  |                                  
           |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
           +--+                                  
              +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 
              |                                  
              |  +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
              +--+                               
                 |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 
                 +--+                            
                    +-- Pleurobema_athearni      

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 24 22 7 --
                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
                    |                           
           +--------+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1  
           |        |                           
           |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2  
           |                                    
  +--------+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina **        
  |        |  +-----+                           
  |        |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava **         
  |        |  |                                 
  |        +--+  +----- Pleuronaia              
  |           |  |                              
  |           |  |  +-- Eurynia                 
  |           +--+  |                           
  |              |  +-- Hemistena               
  |              |  |                           
--+              +--+-- Plethobasus             
  |                 |                           
  |                 +-- Parvaspina              
  |                 |                           
  |                 +-- Elliptio                
  |                                             
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
  |  |                                          
  |  |  +-------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
  |  |  |                                       
  +--+  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
     |  +-----------+                           
     |  |           +-- Pleurobema_athearni     
     |  |                                       
     |  |        +----- Pleurobema_decisum      
     +--+--------+                              
        |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  
        |        +--+                           
        |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
        |                                       
        |           +-- Pleurobema_clava        
        |  +--------+                           
        |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme     
        +--+                                    
           |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum     
           |  |                                 
           +--+-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
              |                                 
              |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Pleurobema_taitianum    
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Pleurobema_perovatum    

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 27 3 3 --
  +-------- Hemistena       
--+                         
  |  +----- Elliptio        
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
     +--+                   
        +-- Fusconaia_flava ** 

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 39 6 5 --
  +-------------- Parvaspina          
  |                                   
--+           +-- Eurynia             
  |  +--------+                       
  |  |        +-- Hemistena           
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Pleurobema          
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Pleuronaia          
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **     
           +--+                       
              +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 36 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 195 4 4 --
  +-------- Elliptoideus   
  |                        
--+     +-- Elliptio       
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Eurynia        
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
     +--+                  
        +-- Pleurobema     

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 2 2 --
-- Fusconaia_cerina

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 55 3 3 --
  +-- Pleurobema     
  |                  
  +-- Eurynia        
--+                  
  +-- Pleuronaia     
  |                  
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 10 1 --
  +-------------------- Fusconaia_flava **       
  |                                           
--+                 +-- Pleurobema_clava      
  |  +--------------+                         
  |  |              +-- Pleurobema_oviforme   
  +--+                                        
     |  +-------------- Pleurobema_decisum    
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
        |  |                                  
        +--+        +-- Pleurobema_taitianum  
           |  +-----+                         
           |  |     +-- Pleurobema_perovatum  
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum 
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Pleurobema_beadleianum

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Pleurobema     
  +--+                  
     +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 6 2 --
  +----------------- Elliptio               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_flava **        
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia    
     |  |                                   
     |  |        +-- Pleurobema_clava       
     +--+  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum  
        |  |                                
        +--+  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme__6
           |  |                             
           |  |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme__1
           +--+  |                          
              |  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme__2
              |  |                          
              +--+-- Pleurobema_pyriforme__3
                 |                          
                 +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme__4
                 |                          
                 +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme__5

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_mitchelli

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
  +--+                  
     +-- Pleurobema     

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 2 2 --
-- Fusconaia_cerina

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
  +--+                  
     +-- Pleurobema     

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 1 1 --
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+                  
  +-- Pleurobema     

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 --
  +-------- Pleuronaia     
  |                        
--+-------- Pleurobema     
  |                        
  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Hemistena      
     +--+                  
        +-- Eurynia        

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Pleurobema     
  +--+                  
     +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Pleurobema     
  +--+                  
     +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema     
--+                  
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Pleurobema     
  +--+                  
     +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 5 4 --
  +-------------- Elliptoideus         
--+                                    
  |  +----------- Elliptio             
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Pleuronaia           
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Pleurobema_riddellii 
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **      
           +--+                        
              +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 197 4 4 --
  +----------- Elliptoideus   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Elliptio       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Eurynia        
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
        +--+                  
           +-- Pleurobema     

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Pleurobema     
  +--+                  
     +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 9 1 --
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+                  
  +-- Pleurobema     

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 3 3 --
     +-- Fusconaia_flava **
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Pleurobema     
--+                     
  |  +-- Eurynia        
  +--+                  
     +-- Elliptio       

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 2 2 --
  +-- Eurynia        
  |                  
--+-- Pleurobema     
  |                  
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
  +-- Pleurobema     
--+                  
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 197 4 4 --
  +-------- Elliptoideus   
  |                        
--+     +-- Elliptio       
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Eurynia        
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
     +--+                  
        +-- Pleurobema     

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 2 2 --
  +-- Eurynia        
  |                  
--+-- Pleurobema     
  |                  
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 3 3 --
  +-------- Pleurobema     
--+                        
  |  +----- Elliptio       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
     +--+                  
        +-- Eurynia        

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 3 3 --
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+                  
  +-- Eurynia        

Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_cerina

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
-- Fusconaia_cerina

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Eurynia        
--+                     
  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava **
  +--+                  
     +-- Pleurobema     

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
-- Fusconaia_flava

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 1 1 --
  +-- Pleuronaia     
--+                  
  +-- Fusconaia_flava **

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 --
  +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
--+                   
  +-- Pleurobema      

Page updated: 14:56:37 Wed 04 Dec 2024

 
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