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Page last updated
Thu 15 May 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Margaritiferidae | Margaritiferinae

genus Pseudunio Haas, 1910: cladomics
5 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5

analyzed in 74 cladograms in 39 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5, mean = 1.5

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 28
maximum number of included terminals = 5, mean = 2.32
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.96

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ tree

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	1	5	11	8	2	0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------- Margaritifera             
  |                                      
--+  +-------- Cumberlandia              
  |  |                                   
  +--+  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **       
     |  |                                
     +--+  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **    
        |  |                             
        |  +-- Pseudunio_flabellata **      
        +--+                             
           +-- Pseudunio_flabellatiformis **
           |                             
           +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	196	8	2	2.0

  +----------- Cumberlandia          
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Margaritifera         
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
        +--+                         
           +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	10	7	2	2.0

  +----------- Margaritifera         
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
        +--+                         
           +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	196	8	2	2.0

  +-------- Cumberlandia          
  |                               
--+-------- Margaritifera         
  |                               
  |  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	25	8	2	2.0

  +----------- Margaritifera         
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
        +--+                         
           +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	25	8	2	2.0

  +----------- Margaritifera         
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
        +--+                         
           +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	194	8	2	2.0

  +----------- Margaritifera         
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
        +--+                         
           +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	32	8	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	8	0	2	8	6	2	9.0

  +-------- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
--+                               
  |  +----- Pseudunio_auricularius **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cumberlandia          
     +--+                         
        +-- Margaritifera

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	67	8	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	67	8	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	67	8	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	74	7	2	--

  +----- Margaritifera         
--+                            
  |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
  +--+                         
     +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	74	7	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	137	7	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	39	4	2	--

  +-------- Cumberlandia          
--+                               
  |  +----- Margaritifera         
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	18	0	0	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	28	7	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	11	8	2	--

  +-------- Margaritifera         
--+                               
  |  +----- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	137	7	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	27	8	2	--

  +-------- Margaritifera         
--+                               
  |  +----- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	28	7	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	39	4	2	--

  +-------- Cumberlandia          
--+                               
  |  +----- Margaritifera         
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	32	8	2	--

  +-------- Margaritifera         
--+                               
  |  +----- Cumberlandia          
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	6	5	2	--

  +-------- Cumberlandia          
--+                               
  |  +----- Margaritifera         
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	9	8	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	7	6	2	--

  +-------- Cumberlandia          
--+                               
  |  +----- Margaritifera         
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	7	6	2	--

  +-------- Cumberlandia          
--+                               
  |  +----- Margaritifera         
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
     +--+                         
        +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	18	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_marocanus

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	17	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_auricularius

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	11	6	2	--

  +-------- Margaritifera_dahurica        
  |                                       
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
  |                                       
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
  |                                       
--+-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__3
  |                                       
  |     +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **        
  +-----+                                 
  |     +-- Cumberlandia                  
  |                                       
  |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata         
  +--+                                    
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi    
     +--+                                 
        +-- Margaritifera_marrianae

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	16	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_auricularius

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	2	1	1	--

  +-- Margaritifera         
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	10	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_auricularius

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	19	1	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Cumberlandia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	22	1	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Margaritifera

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	5	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_homsensis

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	5	2	--

  +----- Margaritifera      
--+                         
  |  +-- Cumberlandia       
  +--+                      
     +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	8	7	2	--

  +----------- Margaritifera_margaritifera
  |                                       
  |     +----- Margaritifera_dahurica__1  
  |     |                                 
  +-----+----- Margaritifera_dahurica__2  
--+     |                                 
  |     |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **     
  |     +--+                              
  |        +-- Cumberlandia               
  |                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis       
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	9	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_auricularius

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	5	2	--

  +----- Margaritifera      
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Cumberlandia

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	13	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_marocanus

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	31	1	1	--

  +-- Margaritifera         
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	9	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_marocanus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	68	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	95	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	10	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_auricularius

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	53	1	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Cumberlandia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	9	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	16	1	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
--+                         
  +-- Margaritifera

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	48	2	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Margaritifera

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	11	6	2	--

  +----- Margaritifera         
--+                            
  |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
  +--+                         
     +-- Cumberlandia

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	21	2	2	--

  +----- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                         
  |  +-- Margaritifera      
  +--+                      
     +-- Cumberlandia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	32	2	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Margaritifera

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	22	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_marocanus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	21	2	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Margaritifera      
  +--+                      
     +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	2	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Margaritifera

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	38	2	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Margaritifera

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	8	0	2	9	7	2	12.0

  +----- Pseudunio_auricularius__1 **
  |                               
--+----- Pseudunio_auricularius__2 **
  |                               
  |  +-- Cumberlandia             
  +--+                            
     +-- Margaritifera

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	5	2	2	--

  +----- Margaritifera      
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Cumberlandia

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	5	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia          
--+                            
  |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
  +--+                         
     +-- Margaritifera

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	7	5	2	--

  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera  
  |                                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia                 
--+  |                                   
  |  |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **       
  |  |  |                                
  +--+  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica       
     |  |                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__1
     |  |                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__2
     +--+                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__1     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__2     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__3     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__4

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	2	1	--

  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
--+                      
  +-- Margaritifera

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	3	2	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia          
--+                            
  |  +-- Margaritifera         
  +--+                         
     +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	42	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	10	6	2	--

  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **
  |                         
--+-- Cumberlandia          
  |                         
  +-- Margaritifera

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	2	1	1	--

  +-- Margaritifera         
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	18	0	0	--

-- Pseudunio_marocanus

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	95	4	2	--

  +----- Cumberlandia       
--+                         
  |  +-- Pseudunio_marocanus **
  +--+                      
     +-- Margaritifera

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	45	1	1	--

  +-- Margaritifera         
--+                         
  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Page updated: 07:49:17 Thu 15 May 2025

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