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Page last updated
Tue 01 Jul 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ANODONTINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     3 subtribes, 1 genus

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 116
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 4

analyzed in 336 cladograms in 187 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 41, mean = 6.27
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) in an analysis = 3, mean = 1.79

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 285
maximum number of included terminals = 41, mean = 7.21
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3, mean = 1.93
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.86

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 133
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (tribe).
maximum number of included terminals = 33, mean = 8.27
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3, mean = 2.59
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.77

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 39 32 3 35 26 4 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** 

                 +-- Anemina **       
  +--------------+                 
  |              +-- Amuranodonta **  
  |                                
  |           +----- Parreysiini   
  +-----------+                    
  |           |  +-- Coelaturini   
  |           +--+                 
--+              +-- Indochinellini
  |                                
  |           +----- Pletholophus **  
  |  +--------+                    
  |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **   
  |  |        +--+                 
  |  |           +-- Beringiana **    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Cristaria **     
     |  |                          
     |  |        +-- Alasmidontina ** 
     +--+--------+                 
        |        +-- Anodontina **    
        |                          
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini 
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini 
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Acuticostini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 25 3 88 37 4 57.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------- Acuticostini 
  |                         
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |                         
--+----------- Unionini     
  |                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |  |                      
  +--+  +----- Cristariina **  
     |  |                   
     +--+  +-- Pseudanodonta **
        |  |                
        +--+-- Anodonta **     
           |                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 3 0 0 0 74.0 
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **       
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **    
        +--+                       
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 31 1 2 2 1 64.0 
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 25 2 3 1 1 59.0 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Cristariina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 27 2 0 0 0 63.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 4 0 0 54.0 
-- (Cristariina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 24 1 4 0 0 54.0 
-- (Cristariina

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 1 0 0 59.0 
-- (Cristariina

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 0 0 0 63.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 17 3 177 24 4 49.0 
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                        
--+  +----------------------- Unionini     
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini
        |  |                               
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **  
           |  |                            
           |  |  +----------- Anodonta **     
           +--+  |                         
              |  |        +-- Alasmidonta **  
              |  +--------+                
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **    
                 |                         
                 |        +-- Pyganodon **    
                 |  +-----+                
                 |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
                 +--+                      
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                    +--+                   
                       |  +-- Simpsonaias **  
                       +--+                
                          +-- Strophitus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 45 22 3 179 25 4 54.0 
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina **              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria **            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana ** 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona **            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon **            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus **           
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia **          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Unio                 
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotula        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus **         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 13 3 179 25 4 50.0 
  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                            
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-------- Cristariina **  
     +--+  |                      
        |  |  +----- Alasmidonta **  
        |  |  |                   
        +--+  +----- Lasmigona **    
           |  |                   
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
           |  |                   
           +--+----- Simpsonaias **  
              |                   
              +----- Strophitus **   
              |                   
              +----- Anodonta **     
              |                   
              |  +-- Pyganodon **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Utterbackia **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 0 3 84 0 0 54.0 
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata **      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata **       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina **                
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **         
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **       
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona_complanata **       
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa **       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona_costata **          
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata **        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis **      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus **                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 35 37 3 49 16 3 54.0 
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 35 37 3 49 16 3 52.0 
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 35 36 3 49 16 3 50.0 
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 51.0 
-- (Cristariina

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 35 33 3 48.0 
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini       
--+                                               
  |  +----------------------- Unionini            
  +--+                                            
     |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 58 54 3 48.0 
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini       
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 17 2 0 0 0 54.0 
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 73 28 4 48.0 
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                         
  +--+                 +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +--------------+                       
     |  |              +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 73 28 4 48.0 
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                            
  +--+                    +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +-----------------+                       
     |  |                 +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 14 3 77 28 4 50.0 
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                         
--+  +----------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                      
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +-----------+                       
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  |                             
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **     
              |  |                          
              +--+----- Alasmidontina **       
                 |                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_anatina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 77 28 4 48.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 18 10 3 1 1 1 48.0 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **        
  |                                         
  +----------------- Pyganodon **              
  |                                         
  +----------------- Alasminota **             
  |                                         
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **       
  |                                         
  +----------------- Unionini               
  |                                         
  +----------------- Cristariina **            
  |                                         
  |              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                          
  |              +-- Anodonta_californiensis **
  |                                         
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **       
  |              |                          
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **            
  |              |                          
  |              +-- Lasmigona **              
  |                                         
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **          
  |  |                                      
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **             
  |  +--------+                             
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **          
     |        +--+                          
     |           +-- Platynaias **             
     |                                      
     |  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Anodonta_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Anodonta_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                          
                 +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 10 2 0 0 0 52.0 
           +-- Platynaias **          
           |                       
  +--------+-- Lasmigona_costata **   
  |        |                       
  |        +-- Lasmigona_complanata **
--+                                
  |  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **  
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **       
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Utterbackia **         
        +--+                       
           +-- Pyganodon **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 2 40 17 4 45.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Acuticostini 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Cristariina **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 13 2 0 0 0 52.0 
           +-- Lasmigona_costata **   
           |                       
  +--------+-- Platynaias **          
  |        |                       
  |        +-- Lasmigona_complanata **
--+                                
  |        +-- Utterbackia **         
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **     
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **  
        +--+                       
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 3 124 12 2 46.0 
  +-------------------- Unionini            
--+                                         
  |  +----------------- Lanceolariini       
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **    
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 2 0 0 0 51.0 
           +-- Lasmigona_complanata **
           |                       
  +--------+-- Platynaias **          
  |        |                       
  |        +-- Lasmigona_costata **   
--+                                
  |        +-- Utterbackia **         
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **     
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **  
        +--+                       
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 17 0 3 110 12 2 47.0 
  +----- Unionini             
  |                           
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana ** 
--+  |                        
  |  +-- Lasmigona **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **        
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pyganodon **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Simpsonaias **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Strophitus **           
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_plicata **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_radiata **    
     |                        
     +-- Pletholophus **         
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **   
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **  
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 17 10 3 124 12 2 45.0 
  +----------- Unionini            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |  |                             
  |  +-------- Cristariina **         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
     |  |                          
     |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
     +--+                          
        +----- Alasmidontina **       
        |                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
        +--+                       
           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 2 2 0 0 0 51.0 
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta_kennerlyi **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1 **
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2 **
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona_costata **          
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata **    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona_complanata **       
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias **                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 2 0 0 0 51.0 
           +-- Lasmigona_complanata **
           |                       
  +--------+-- Platynaias **          
  |        |                       
  |        +-- Lasmigona_costata **   
--+                                
  |        +-- Utterbackia **         
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **     
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **  
        +--+                       
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 2 2 1 48.0 
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 3 62 12 2 43.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 13 3 24 2 1 45.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 3 62 12 2 43.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 13 1 6 0 0 49.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 11 3 66 14 2 43.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 9 3 40 20 4 45.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                               
  +-------------- Unionini        
--+                               
  |           +-- Acuticostini    
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 60 20 4 47.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 60 20 4 47.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 12 1 1 0 0 48.0 
-- (Cristariina

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 6 4 2 47.0 
                 +-- Lanceolariini       
  +--------------+                       
  |              +-- Unionini            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
  |  |                                   
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **    
     |  |                                
     +--+        +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
        |  +-----+                       
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 
              +--+                       
                 +-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 46.0 
-- (Cristariina

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 11 2 25 0 0 45.0 
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 2 0 0 0 45.0 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 1 0 0 49.0 
-- (Cristariina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 3 56 20 4 46.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 8 1 2 0 0 47.0 
-- (Cristariina

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 24 7 2 41.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 3 29 15 4 45.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 34 32 3 23 4 2 66.0 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 81 16 4 43.0 
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **     
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              |  |                            
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Pyganodon **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 28 28 4 44.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 5 2 23 0 0 45.5 
  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias **   
  |                         
--+----------- Alasmidonta **  
  |                         
  +----------- Lasmigona **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 73 7 2 41.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 78 34 4 44.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 13 13 3 44.0 
     +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 36 30 3 35 26 4 13.0 
              +-- Anemina **               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria **             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 63 25 4 44.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 46 16 4 43.0 
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Acuticostini    
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 81 16 4 41.0 
  +----------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                     
--+                    +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Unionini     
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Lasmigona **    
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Anodonta **     
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Pyganodon **    
                    +--+                
                       +-- Strophitus **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 30 21 4 35.0 
  +-------------- Acuticostini 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                         
  +--+----------- Unionini     
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontina **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 31 23 3 30 21 4 24.0 
           +-- Anemina **               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria **             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 22 5 1 24 12 4 51.0 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica **    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus **           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina **                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula **     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 43 17 4 44.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionini     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 4 3 1 44.0 
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Cristariina **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 37 17 4 43.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 10 2 1 41.0 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Alasmidontina **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 1 29 0 0 44.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 2 0 0 42.0 
-- (Cristariina

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 24 12 4 42.0 
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 35 13 3 43.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 40 18 4 43.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 29 12 3 43.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 39 13 3 43.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 35 13 3 43.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 33 9 1 43.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 46.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 23 9 2 43.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 22 9 2 43.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 17 2 1 42.0 
  +----------- Unio         
--+                         
  |  +-------- Aculamprotula
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 31 36 1 37 23 4 56.0 
  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 43.0 
-- (Cristariina

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 13 5 2 40.0 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 17 2 1 40.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 29 27 1 35 21 4 50.0 
  +----------------------------------- Anemina **              
  |                                                         
--+  +-------------------------------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                                                      
  +--+  +----------------------------- Sinanodonta **          
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
        |  |                                                
        +--+                       +-- Cristaria **            
           |  +--------------------+                        
           |  |                    +-- Lanceolariini        
           +--+                                             
              |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini        
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +-------------- Nodularia            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
                          +--+                              
                             |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
                             +--+                           
                                |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
                                +--+                        
                                   +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 43.0 
-- (Cristariina

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 1 2 0 0 44.0 
-- (Cristariina

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 43.0 
-- (Cristariina

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 47 11 3 42.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 22 10 1 42.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 2 1 1 0 0 45.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 14 5 1 40.0 
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 46 10 4 42.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 15 6 1 40.0 
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 14 5 2 27 7 4 44.0 
  +-------- Strophitus **   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana **
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 27 7 4 41.0 
           +-- Cristariina **  
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                         
--+     +----- Acuticostini 
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 24 10 3 41.0 
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 45.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 45.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 24 10 2 41.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 34 6 2 41.0 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula
  |                            
--+           +-- Schistodesmus
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Unio         
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 34 6 2 41.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 45 20 4 41.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 14 3 2 40.0 
        +-- Lepidodesmini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cristaria **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 2 1 29 0 0 41.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 24 2 1 40.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 10 1 1 42.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 32 10 4 40.0 
              +----- Cristariina **  
  +-----------+                   
  |           |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |           +--+                
  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                               
  |              +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Aculamprotula
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 3 0 0 43.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 21 0 0 42.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 42.0 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 43.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 41.0 
-- (Cristariina

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 24 2 1 40.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 8 5 2 2 2 1 40.0 
  +-- Unionini   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 8 6 2 19 3 1 40.5 
  +-------------- Nodularia       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta **        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 1 0 0 41.0 
-- (Cristariina

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 2 0 0 44.0 
-- (Sinanodonta

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 12 10 3 8 1 1 48.0 
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+     +----- Unionini   
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  |  |  +--+              
  +--+     +-- Cristariina **
     |                    
     |  +----- Gonideini  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Quadrulini 
        +--+              
           +-- Lampsilini

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 2 96 0 0 42.0 
  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Lasmigona **       
--+--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
  |                      
  |  +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontina **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 96 0 0 42.0 
  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis **
  |                                
--+        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Alasminota **          
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Pyganodon **           
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Lasmigona **           
        +--+                       
           +-- Pseudodontoideus **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 22 0 0 40.5 
     +----- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodontina **   
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 31 10 4 40.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 2 0 0 40.0 
-- (Cristariina

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 7 5 1 40.0 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 26 23 1 40.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 18 11 3 13 4 2 50.0 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Alathyria      
     |     |                  
     |  +--+-- Lamprotulini   
     |  |  |                  
     |  |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Quadrulini     
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Pleurobemini   
           |                  
           +-- Lampsilini

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 40.0 
-- (Cristariina

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 8 3 1 41.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 40.0 
-- (Cristariina

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 26 6 2 41.0 
     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                   
  |  +-- Acuticostini 
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 5 1 7 3 2 42.0 
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 10 6 2 39.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Cristaria **    
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anemina **      
     +--+                
        +-- Sinanodonta **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 40.0 
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 40.0 
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 3 3 1 40.0 
  +----------- Unionini        
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Cristariina **     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudanodonta **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 11 0 0 42.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 9 7 2 4 4 1 40.0 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 26 23 1 40.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 9 5 2 4 4 1 43.0 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 8 5 2 3 3 1 42.0 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 42.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 2 0 0 0 42.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 15 3 1 38.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 18 6 2 40.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 39.0 
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 7 5 2 3 3 1 42.0 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 13 13 2 38.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 19 17 3 39.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 41.0 
-- (Beringiana

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 20 18 3 39.0 
  +-------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                     
--+           +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Unionini              
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontina **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 42 2 1 39.0 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 43 2 1 39.0 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 42.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 42.0 
-- (Cristariina

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 1 2 18 1 1 54.0 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 41.0 
-- (Anodonta

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 13 4 1 38.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 37.0 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 37.0 
-- (Cristariina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 19 6 2 38.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 1 0 0 42.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 37.0 
-- (Cristariina

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 3 16 6 2 39.0 
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Anodontina **   
     |                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 0 0 0 38.0 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 7 4 2 3 3 1 38.0 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 2 0 0 38.0 
-- (Cristariina

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 42 2 1 39.0 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 8 0 0 42.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 8 4 2 4 3 1 39.0 
  +----- Anodontina **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Margaritifera
     |                
     +-- Unionini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 15 3 1 38.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 2 6 0 0 39.0 
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |  |              
  +--+-- Cristariina **
     |              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 20 18 3 39.0 
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                                     
     +-------------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Unionini              
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Lasmigona **             
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anodontina **            
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Pyganodon **             
              +--+                         
                 +-- Strophitus **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 6 3 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 18 6 2 38.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 41.0 
-- (Cristariina

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 19 3 1 38.0 
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 1 2 18 2 1 53.5 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula      
     |                      
     +-- Unio

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 53 4 2 39.0 
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 37.0 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 53 4 2 39.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 43 2 1 39.0 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 8 0 0 42.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 6 6 2 38.0 
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 12 0 0 39.5 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 7 3 2 41.0 
-- (Cristariina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 38.0 
-- (Anodontina

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 3 0 0 40.0 
-- (Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 3 3 1 38.0 
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 1 0 0 37.0 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 7 1 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40.0 
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina **
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 9 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 8 2 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 15 14 1 38.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 31 2 1 40.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 1 12 7 1 38.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 6 4 1 38.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40.0 
  +-------- Unio_pictorum
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_tumidus 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 8 2 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 2 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 37 23 4 39.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Acuticostini 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Cristariina **  
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 10 6 3 39.0 
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+        +-- Nodularia           
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotula

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 10 3 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 6 4 2 3 3 1 41.0 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 41.0 
-- (Pyganodon

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 19 14 1 38.0 
  +-------- Aculamprotula
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 11 6 1 38.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 14 11 1 38.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 10 0 1 16 1 1 48.0 
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 6 1 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 1 0 0 37.0 
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 12 0 0 39.5 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 6 4 2 3 3 1 39.0 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 38.0 
-- (Anodontina

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 5 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40.0 
  +-------- Unionini  
--+                   
  |  +----- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontina **
     +--+             
        +-- Strophitus **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 28 2 1 40.0 
  +----- Unio_pictorum
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus 
  |                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 10 3 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 4 2 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 44 0 0 38.0 
-- (Cristariina

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 1 4 3 1 38.0 
-- (Anodontina

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 17 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 4 3 1 38.0 
-- (Anodontina

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 4 2 1 39.0 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 6 4 2 3 3 1 41.0 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 38.0 
-- (Anodontina

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 3 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 22 16 1 40.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 45 0 0 38.0 
-- (Cristariina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 14 9 1 38.0 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 13 4 2 38.0 
        +-- Anodontina **   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unio

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 12 0 0 39.5 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 26 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 8 2 1 -- 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 20 20 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 18 0 1 16 6 2 45.0 
  +----------------- Sinanodonta **  
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Cristaria **    
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lamprotulini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Quadrulini   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Aculamprotula
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Acuticostini 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 19 11 3 -- 
-- (Cristariina

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 16 0 2 19 14 4 47.0 
  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 20 20 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 24 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- (Pyganodon

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- (Pyganodon

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- (Pyganodon

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 12 10 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 16 0 2 19 14 4 45.0 
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Cristariina **     
  |                                  
  +----------------- Anodontina **      
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Aculamprotula   
  |  +-----------+                   
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                               
     |  +----------- Unio            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis       
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Nodularia       
              |                      
              |  +-- Inversiunio     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- (Pyganodon

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 8 0 2 6 0 0 44.0 
  +-------------- Cristariina **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina **  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 9 8 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 16 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Unio_crassus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Unio_tumidus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontina **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 2 4 0 0 40.0 
  +-- Cristariina **  
  |                
  +-- Lampsilini   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                
  +-- Quadrulini

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 38 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Cristariina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
-- (Pyganodon

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 4 0 1 2 0 0 40.0 
  +-------- Cristaria **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Margaritifera
     +--+                
        +-- Lamprotulini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 5 0 2 3 3 1 38.0 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 1 1 0 0 38.0 
  +----- Sinanodonta **    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- (Alasmidontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 27 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 7 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 3 1 -- 
     +-- Schistodesmus
  +--+                
  |  +-- Aculamprotula
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 3 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotula

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 55 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 3 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Cristaria_plicata

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 1 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 5 2 -- 
-- Anemina_arcaeformis

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Sinanodonta_woodiana

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 3 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 11 2 -- 
  +-------------- Unio            
  |                               
  |        +----- Aculamprotula   
--+  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontina **      
  |  |     +--+                   
  +--+        +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                            
     |  +-------- Middendorffinaia
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversiunio     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis       
           +--+                   
              +-- Nodularia

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 13 3 -- 
-- Anemina_arcaeformis

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 7 1 -- 
  +----------- Nodularia        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontina **       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 41 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 6 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_couperiana

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_implicata

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Utterbackiana_implicata

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Lasmigona_costata

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Arcidens_confragosus

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Cristaria_plicata

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini

Page updated: 09:56:09 Tue 01 Jul 2025
 
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