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Page last updated
Sun 07 Sep 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

The MUSSEL Project Database has moved to a new server, with a new URL! The new address for this page is: https://musselpdb.org/db.php?ty=validgen_cld&id=335

Search the database pages:

Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina

genus Pletholophus Simpson, 1900: cladomics
     4 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4

analyzed in 34 cladograms in 17 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4, mean = 1.44

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included terminals = 4, mean = 3.14
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.86

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 12 10 4 31 29 7 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                             
  |           +----- Beringiana                 
--+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        |  +-- Acudonta                   
  |  |        +--+                              
  |  |           +-- Sinanodonta                
  +--+                                          
     |        +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
     |  |     +--+                              
     +--+        +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **     
        |                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Anemina                    
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Amuranodonta               
              +--+                              
                 +-- Buldowskia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 8.0 
              +----- Amuranodonta               
  +-----------+                                 
  |           |  +-- Anemina                    
  |           +--+                              
--+              +-- Buldowskia                 
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Cristaria                  
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Sinanodonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
              +--+                              
                 +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 27 23 6 8.0 
              +----- Amuranodonta               
  +-----------+                                 
  |           |  +-- Anemina                    
  |           +--+                              
--+              +-- Buldowskia                 
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Cristaria                  
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Sinanodonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
              +--+                              
                 +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 3 2 2 9.0 
  +----------- Cristaria                 
--+                                      
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta               
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **       
        +--+                             
           +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 25 24 7 9.0 
           +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis ** 
  +--------+                                 
  |        |  +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
  |        +--+                              
  |           +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **        
--+                                          
  |        +----- Beringiana                 
  |  +-----+                                 
  |  |     |  +-- Mimo                       
  |  |     +--+                              
  +--+        +-- Sinanodonta                
     |                                       
     |  +-------- Cristaria                  
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Anemina                    
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Amuranodonta               
           +--+                              
              +-- Buldowskia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria             
--+                               
  |  +----- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **   
     +--+                         
        +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 29 25 6 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria                 
  |                                      
  |     +----- Amuranodonta              
--+  +--+                                
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina                   
  |  |  +--+                             
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia                
  +--+                                   
     |     +-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
     |  +--+                             
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **       
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Beringiana                
        +--+                             
           +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 7 4 -- 
        +-- Cristaria             
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Buldowskia            
--+                               
  |  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
     +--+                         
        +-- Beringiana

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 9 5 -- 
-- Pletholophus_reinianus

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 124 5 2 -- 
-- Pletholophus_tenuis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 198 8 3 -- 
  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+                      
  +-- Sinanodonta

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 44 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
--+                            
  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 196 8 3 -- 
  +-------- Anemina            
--+                            
  |  +----- Cristaria          
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 198 8 3 -- 
  +-------- Anemina            
--+                            
  |  +----- Cristaria          
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 75 4 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta           
--+                            
  |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+                         
  |  +-- Sinanodonta        
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
--+                            
  |  +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                         
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 8 4 -- 
        +-- Cristaria             
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Buldowskia            
--+                               
  |  +----- Beringiana            
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
     +--+                         
        +-- Sinanodonta

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 2 2 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta        
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Beringiana

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria                 
--+                                
  |  +-- Sinanodonta               
  +--+                             
     +-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 138 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 79 4 3 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria          
--+                            
  |  +----- Anemina            
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 11 2 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
--+                                
  |  +-- Cristaria                 
  +--+                             
     +-- Sinanodonta

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 75 4 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 11 4 -- 
        +-- Beringiana            
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Sinanodonta           
--+                               
  |  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cristaria             
     +--+                         
        +-- Buldowskia

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 17 17 4 -- 
        +-- Beringiana            
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Sinanodonta           
--+                               
  |  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cristaria             
     +--+                         
        +-- Buldowskia

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 14 7 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria                  
  |                                       
  |     +----- Amuranodonta               
--+  +--+                                 
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina                    
  |  |  +--+                              
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia                 
  +--+                                    
     |     +-- Beringiana                 
     |  +--+                              
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Acudonta                   
        +--+                              
           +-- Sinanodonta

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 138 5 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 5 5 -- 
  +----------- Cristaria          
  |                               
--+        +-- Anemina            
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Amuranodonta       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Sinanodonta        
        +--+                      
           +-- Beringiana

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 44 5 5 -- 
  +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
--+                            
  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 120 23 6 -- 
  +-------- Cristaria          
  |                            
  |  +----- Anemina            
  +--+                         
--+  |  +-- Amuranodonta       
  |  +--+                      
  |     +-- Buldowskia         
  |                            
  |  +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Beringiana         
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 67 10 5 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta           
--+                            
  |  +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
  +--+                         
     +-- Beringiana

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 82 3 2 -- 
  +----- Cristaria          
--+                         
  |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Sinanodonta

Page updated: 08:18:18 Sun 07 Sep 2025
 
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