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Page last updated
Wed 04 Dec 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

This page documents data for Sano et al. (2020), such as genera and species attributed to that publication (including known misspellings, misidentifications, and other unavailable names) as well as taxonomic opinions, if available. Taxonomic opinions refer to uses of genera and species as valid and invalid in that work.

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Publication information

Sano, I., T. Saito, J.-I. Miyazaki, A. Shirai, T. Uechi et al. 2020. Evolutionary history and diversity of unionoid mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the JApanese Archipelago. Plankton Benthos Res 15(2): 97-111.

Click here for online access.

Cladogram Figures

(click the figure number to see the cladogram)

fig. 1
fig. 2
fig. 3
fig. 4

Attributed Species Names

Unio crassus Soroka, 2005
‘Philippson’ of Authors.
Soroka, 2005, Zool. Sci. 22: 1138, Table 1.
Soroka, 2010, Folia Malac. 18(4): Table 2. [in part]
Reis et al., 2013, Graellsia 69(1): 22, Table 2.
Prié & Puillandre, 2014, Hydrobiologia 735(1): online resource 1 [as ‘Unio crassus crassus’].
Douda et al., 2014, J. Appl. Ecol. 51: 1087. [in part]
Froufe et al., 2016, Org Divers Evol 16(3): 606, fig. 3. [in part]
Klishko et al., 2017, Zootaxa 4286(1): 98, Table 3.
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017, mtDNA B 2(2): 863.
Burzynski et al., 2017, MPE 107: 606.
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017, Biol. Rev. 92(1): Table S1 [as ‘Unio crassus crassus’]. [in part]
Araujo et al., 2018, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 182(2): supplementary table. [in part]
Klishko et al., 2018, Systemat. Biodiv. 16(3): 291.
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018, PeerJ 6, e5573: 3.
Wang et al., 2018, Conserv. Genet. Resour. 10(4): 611.
Wang et al., 2018, Conserv. Genet. Resour. 11: 140.
Cha et al., 2018, mtDNA B 3(2): 946.
Aunins et al., 2018, mtDNA B 3(2): 1125.
Wu et al., 2018, PLoS One 13(8), e0200956: 6. [in part]
Klishko et al., 2019, Ruthenica 29(1): 57, Table 1.
Wu et al., 2019, ZooKeys 812: 29.
Huang et al., 2019, MPE 130: Table S5. [in part]
Fukata & Iigo, 2019, mtDNA B 4(2): 3489.
Guerra et al., 2019, BMC Evol. Biol. 19 (229): Table S1.
Froufe et al., 2019, Heredity 124: 185.
Soroka, 2020, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 58(2): Table 2.
Fukata & Iigo, 2020, mtDNA B 5(2): 1216.
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): 99.
Wu et al., 2020, Invert. Syst. 34: Table S2.
Kilikowska et al., 2020, Life 10(7): 1. [in part]
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021, MPE 163: fig. 6 [by voucher number]. [in part]
Sayenko et al., 2021, Systemat. Biodiv. 19: 58, Table 1.
Wu et al., 2021, J. Lake Sci. 33(6): attached Table 2.
Zieritz et al., 2021, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 193(3): 1092.
Kim et al., 2021, mtDNA B 6(1): 80.
Pfarrer et al., 2022, Hydrobiologia 849: ESM1.
Wu et al., 2022, Zool. Scripta 51: Table S2.
Dai et al., 2023, Invert. Syst. 37(2): Table 2.
Chen et al., 2023, ZooKeys 1173: Table 1.
Wu et al., 2023, Org Divers Evol (2023): Table 2.
Dai et al., 2024, Zool. Scripta 53: Table 1.
Wu et al., 2024, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 2024, 1499508: Table 2.
Wu et al., 2024, Zool. Scripta early online: Table S3.
Dai et al., 2024, Invert. Syst. 38(6): Table 3. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio crassus Retzius, 1788)

Anodontites elongata Whelan et al., 2011
‘Swainson’ of Authors.
Whelan et al., 2011, MPE 61: 506.
Graf et al., 2015, MPE 85: 3.
Bolotov et al., 2016, MPE 103: 108.
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017, MPE 106: 178.
Bolotov et al., 2017, Sci. Repts. 7: Table S1.
Bolotov et al., 2017, Sci. Repts. 7: Table S1.
Konopleva et al., 2017, Systemat. Biodiv. 15(3): 208.
Combosch et al., 2017, MPE 107: 195.
Bolotov et al., 2018, Sci. Repts. 8: Table S1.
Huang et al., 2018, MPE 120: 302.
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018, MPE 127: 103.
Huang et al., 2019, MPE 130: Table S4.
Bolotov et al., 2019, Sci. Repts. 9: Table S1.
Pfeiffer et al., 2019, MPE 137: 116.
Guerra et al., 2019, BMC Evol. Biol. 19 (229): 3.
Bolotov et al., 2020, Sci. Repts. 10: Table S1.
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): 101.
Wu et al., 2020, Invert. Syst. 34: 195.
Wu et al., 2021, J. Lake Sci. 33(6): attached Table 1.
(misidentified reference to Anodon elongatus Swainson, 1823)

Lamprotula gottschei He et al., 2016
‘Martens’ of Authors.
He et al., 2016, mtDNA 27(1): 246.
Xue et al., 2016, mtDNA 27(4): 2699.
Zhou et al., 2016, mtDNA 27(6): 4616.
Fonseca et al., 2016, mtDNA B 1(1): 955.
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017, J. Moll. Studies 83: 250.
Araujo et al., 2017, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 179(2): 280.
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017, mtDNA B 2(2): 863.
Aunins et al., 2018, mtDNA B 3(2): 1125.
Cha et al., 2018, mtDNA B 3(2): 946.
Fukata & Iigo, 2019, mtDNA B 4(2): 3489.
Fukata & Iigo, 2020, mtDNA B 5(2): 1216.
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): 100.
Chen et al., 2020, mtDNA B 5(3): 2800.
Kim et al., 2021, mtDNA B 6(1): 80.
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022, Mol. Biol. Rep. 49: Table S1.
(misidentified reference to Unio gottschei Martens, 1894)

Sinanodonta japonica Sano et al., 2017
‘Clessin’ of Authors.
Sano et al., 2017, J. Wat. Res. Prot. 9: Table 2. [in part]
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Anodonta japonica Clessin, 1874)

Sinanodonta japonica Sano et al., 2017
‘Clessin’ of Authors.
Sano et al., 2017, J. Wat. Res. Prot. 9: Table 2. [in part]
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Anodonta japonica Clessin, 1874)

Sinanodonta calipygos Sano et al., 2017
‘Kobelt’ of Authors.
Sano et al., 2017, J. Wat. Res. Prot. 9: Table 2. [in part]
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1.
(misidentified reference to Anodonta calipygos Kobelt, 1879)

Sinanodonta lauta Sano et al., 2017
‘Martens’ of Authors.
Sano et al., 2017, J. Wat. Res. Prot. 9: Table 2. [in part]
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Anodonta lauta Martens, 1877)

Sinanodonta lauta Sano et al., 2017
‘Martens’ of Authors.
Sano et al., 2017, J. Wat. Res. Prot. 9: Table 2. [in part]
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Anodonta lauta Martens, 1877)

Anemina arcaeformis Sano et al., 2017
‘Heude’ of Authors.
Sano et al., 2017, J. Wat. Res. Prot. 9: Table 2.
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Anodon arcaeformis Heude, 1877)

Nodularia douglasiae Fukata & Iigo, 2019
‘Griffith & Pidgeon’ of Authors.
Fukata & Iigo, 2019, mtDNA B 4(2): 3488. [in part]
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): Table 1. [in part]
Choi et al., 2020, Sci. Repts. 10: 6, fig. 3A [as ‘Clade B’]. [in part]
Kim et al., 2021, mtDNA B 6(1): 80. [in part]
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022, Mol. Biol. Rep. 49: Table S1.
Dai et al., 2024, Invert. Syst. 38(6): Table S1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio douglasiae Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)

Solenaia oleivora Huang et al., 2019
‘Heude’ of Authors.
Huang et al., 2019, MPE 130: Table S4 [as ‘Solenaia oleivora SDCFM189’].
Chen et al., 2020, mtDNA B 5(3): 2800 [as ‘Solenaia oleivora MG’]. [in part]
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020, MPE 146: Table 1 [as ‘Solenaia cf. oleivora 1’].
Bolotov et al., 2020, Sci. Repts. 10: Table S1 [as ‘Solenaia oleivora sp. 1’].
Sano et al., 2020, Plankton Benthos Res. 15(2): 101.
Bolotov et al., 2022, Hindawi 6600359: Table S1.
(misidentified reference to Mycetopus oleivorus Heude, 1877)

Taxonomic Opinions

Aculamprotula tientsinensis

Aculamprotula tortuosa

Acuticosta chinensis

Alasmidonta heterodon

Alasmidonta varicosa

Anemina arcaeformis

Anemina euscaphys

Anodonta anatina

Anodonta cygnea

Anodontites elongata

Arconaia lanceolata

Aspatharia pfeifferiana

Chambardia wahlbergi

Cristaria plicata

Cumberlandia monodonta

Cuneopsis celtiformis

Cuneopsis pisciculus

Etheria elliptica

Hyridella australis

Inversidens brandti

Inversiunio jokohamensis

Inversiunio reinianus

Inversiunio yanagawensis

Lamproscapha ensiformis

Lamprotula caveata

Lamprotula coreana

Lamprotula gottschei

Lamprotula leai

Lampsilis cardium

Lanceolaria gladiola

Lanceolaria grayana

Lanceolaria grayii

Lasmigona compressa

Lepidodesma languilati

Margaritifera auricularia

Margaritifera dahurica

Margaritifera falcata

Margaritifera hembeli

Margaritifera laevis

Margaritifera laosensis

Margaritifera margaritifera

Margaritifera marocana

Margaritifera marrianae

Margaritifera rochechouartii

Margaritifera togakushiensis

Mutela hargeri

Neotrigonia lamarckii

Neotrigonia margaritacea

Nodularia douglasiae
+ Nodularia douglasiae nipponensis Sano et al., 2017

Obovalis omiensis

Pletholophus tenuis

Potomida littoralis

Pronodularia japanensis

Ptychorhynchus pfisteri

Pyganodon grandis

Scabies crispata

Schistodesmus lampreyanus

Sinanodonta angula

Sinanodonta calipygos

Sinanodonta japonica

Sinanodonta lauta

Sinanodonta lucida

Sinanodonta ogurae

Sinanodonta woodiana

Sinohyriopsis cumingii

Sinohyriopsis schlegeli

Solenaia oleivora

Triplodon corrugatus

Unio crassus

Unio delphinus

Unio pictorum

Utterbackia imbecillis

Utterbackia peninsularis

Velesunio ambiguus

Cladogram Figure 1
  +-------------------- Neotrigonia_lamarckii      
  |                                                
  |              +----- Gibbosula_rochechouartii   
  |  +-----------+                                 
  |  |           |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi 
  |  |           +--+                              
  |  |              +-- Margaritifera_laevis       
  |  |                                             
  |  |        +-------- Sinosolenaia_iridinea      
--+  |        |                                    
  |  |     +--+  +----- Inversidens_brandtii       
  |  |     |  |  |                                 
  |  |     |  +--+  +-- Obovalis_omiensis__1       
  |  |     |     |  |                              
  |  |     |     +--+-- Obovalis_omiensis__2       
  |  |  +--+        |                              
  |  |  |  |        +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri    
  |  |  |  |                                       
  |  |  |  |        +-- Lamprotula_caveata         
  +--+  |  |     +--+                              
     |  |  |     |  +-- Pronodularia_japanensis    
     |  |  +-----+                                 
     |  |        |  +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii__1
     |  |        |  |                              
     |  |        +--+-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii__2
     |  |           |                              
     |  |           +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii     
     |  |                                          
     |  |     +-------- Lanceolaria_grayii__1      
     |  |     |                                    
     |  |     +-------- Lanceolaria_grayii__2      
     |  |     |                                    
     |  |     +-------- Cristaria_plicata__1       
     |  |     |                                    
     |  |     +-------- Cristaria_plicata__2       
     +--+     |                                    
        |     +-------- Sinanodonta_lauta          
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Beringiana_japonica        
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai__1    
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Beringiana_beringiana      
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai__2    
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai__3    
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1     
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2     
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Sinanodonta_tumens__1      
        |     |                                    
        |     +-------- Sinanodonta_tumens__2      
        |     |                                    
        +-----+-------- Pletholophus_tenuis        
              |                                    
              +-------- Anemina_arcaeformis        
              |                                    
              +-------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata     
              |                                    
              +-------- Cristaria_plicata__3       
              |                                    
              +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola       
              |                                    
              +-------- Sinanodonta_angula         
              |                                    
              +-------- Lepidodesma_languilati     
              |                                    
              |     +-- Aculamprotula_tortuosa     
              +-----+                              
              |     +-- Acuticosta_chinensis       
              |                                    
              |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis      
              |  |                                 
              +--+  +-- Nodularia_nipponensis__1   
              |  |  |                              
              |  +--+-- Nodularia_douglasiae       
              |     |                              
              |     +-- Nodularia_nipponensis__2   
              |                                    
              |  +----- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus  
              |  |                                 
              |  |  +-- Inversiunio_reinianus__1   
              +--+  |                              
                 |  +-- Inversiunio_reinianus__2   
                 |  |                              
                 |  +-- Inversiunio_jokohamensis__1
                 +--+                              
                    +-- Inversiunio_jokohamensis__2
                    |                              
                    +-- Inversiunio_jokohamensis__3
                    |                              
                    +-- Inversiunio_jokohamensis__4
Cladogram Figure 2
                                                     +-- Neotrigonia_margaritacea   
  +--------------------------------------------------+                              
  |                                                  +-- Neotrigonia_lamarckii      
  |                                                                                 
  |                                               +----- Triplodon_corrugatus       
  |  +--------------------------------------------+                                 
  |  |                                            |  +-- Hyridella_australis        
  |  |                                            +--+                              
--+  |                                               +-- Velesunio_ambiguus         
  |  |                                                                              
  |  |                                      +----------- Mutela_hargeri             
  |  |                                      |                                       
  |  |  +-----------------------------------+        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana    
  |  |  |                                   |  +-----+                              
  |  |  |                                   |  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi       
  +--+  |                                   +--+                                    
     |  |                                      |  +----- Etheria_elliptica          
     |  |                                      +--+                                 
     |  |                                         |  +-- Tamsiella_schroeteriana    
     |  |                                         +--+                              
     |  |                                            +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis    
     |  |                                                                           
     |  |                          +-------------------- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
     |  |                          |                                                
     |  |                          |                 +-- Gibbosula_rochechouartii   
     |  |                          |              +--+                              
     +--+  +-----------------------+              |  +-- Gibbosula_laosensis        
        |  |                       |  +-----------+                                 
        |  |                       |  |           |  +-- Pseudunio_auricularius     
        |  |                       |  |           +--+                              
        |  |                       |  |              +-- Pseudunio_marocanus        
        |  |                       +--+                                             
        |  |                          |              +-- Margaritifera_dahurica     
        |  |                          |  +-----------+                              
        |  |                          |  |           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
        |  |                          +--+                                          
        |  |                             |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata      
        |  |                             +--+                                       
        |  |                                |  +-------- Margaritifera_middendorffi 
        |  |                                +--+                                    
        +--+                                   |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis       
           |                                   +--+                                 
           |                                      |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli      
           |                                      +--+                              
           |                                         +-- Margaritifera_marrianae    
           |                                                                        
           |  +----------------------------------------- Scabies_crispata           
           |  |                                                                     
           |  |                       +----------------- Lampsilis_cardium          
           |  |                       |                                             
           |  |                       |           +----- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii__2  
           |  |  +--------------------+  +--------+                                 
           |  |  |                    |  |        |  +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii   
           |  |  |                    |  |        +--+                              
           |  |  |                    +--+           +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii__1  
           +--+  |                       |                                          
              |  |                       |  +----------- Inversidens_brandtii       
              |  |                       |  |                                       
              |  |                       +--+        +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri    
              |  |                          |  +-----+                              
              |  |                          |  |     +-- Obovalis_omiensis          
              |  |                          +--+                                    
              |  |                             |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii           
              |  |                             +--+                                 
              +--+                                |  +-- Pronodularia_japanensis    
                 |                                +--+                              
                 |                                   +-- Potomida_littoralis        
                 |                                                                  
                 |                                +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai        
                 |  +-----------------------------+                                 
                 |  |                             |  +-- Anemina_arcaeformis        
                 |  |                             +--+                              
                 |  |                                +-- Anemina_euscaphys          
                 |  |                                                               
                 |  |                    +-------------- Pletholophus_tenuis        
                 |  |                    |                                          
                 |  |                    |        +----- Beringiana_fukuharai       
                 |  |  +-----------------+  +-----+                                 
                 +--+  |                 |  |     |  +-- Beringiana_japonica        
                    |  |                 |  |     +--+                              
                    |  |                 +--+        +-- Beringiana_beringiana      
                    |  |                    |                                       
                    |  |                    |  +-------- Sinanodonta_lucida         
                    |  |                    +--+                                    
                    |  |                       |  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens         
                    |  |                       +--+                                 
                    |  |                          |  +-- Sinanodonta_lauta          
                    +--+                          +--+                              
                       |                             +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana       
                       |                                                            
                       |  +----------------------------- Cristaria_plicata          
                       |  |                                                         
                       |  |                          +-- Anodonta_cygnea            
                       |  |                 +--------+                              
                       |  |                 |        +-- Anodonta_anatina           
                       |  |                 |                                       
                       |  |  +--------------+     +----- Alasmidonta_varicosa       
                       +--+  |              |  +--+                                 
                          |  |              |  |  |  +-- Prolasmidonta_heterodon    
                          |  |              |  |  +--+                              
                          |  |              +--+     +-- Platynaias_compressa       
                          |  |                 |                                    
                          |  |                 |  +----- Pyganodon_grandis          
                          |  |                 +--+                                 
                          +--+                    |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
                             |                    +--+                              
                             |                       +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis   
                             |                                                      
                             |                    +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1      
                             |  +-----------------+                                 
                             |  |                 |  +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata     
                             |  |                 +--+                              
                             |  |                    +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2      
                             +--+                                                   
                                |  +-------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati     
                                |  |                                                
                                |  |              +----- Aculamprotula_tortuosa     
                                |  |  +-----------+                                 
                                +--+  |           |  +-- Aculamprotula_tientsinensis
                                   |  |           +--+                              
                                   |  |              +-- Aculamprotula_coreana      
                                   |  |                                             
                                   +--+           +----- Unio_nanus                 
                                      |  +--------+                                 
                                      |  |        |  +-- Unio_delphinus             
                                      |  |        +--+                              
                                      |  |           +-- Unio_pictorum              
                                      |  |                                          
                                      +--+     +-------- Inversiunio_jokohamensis   
                                         |  +--+                                    
                                         |  |  |  +----- Inversiunio_yanagawensis__2
                                         |  |  +--+                                 
                                         |  |     |  +-- Inversiunio_reinianus      
                                         |  |     +--+                              
                                         +--+        +-- Inversiunio_yanagawensis__1
                                            |                                       
                                            |        +-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula     
                                            |  +-----+                              
                                            |  |     +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus  
                                            +--+                                    
                                               |  +----- Nodularia_nipponensis__1   
                                               +--+                                 
                                                  |  +-- Nodularia_nipponensis__2   
                                                  +--+                              
                                                     +-- Nodularia_douglasiae       
Cladogram Figure 3
                                                        +-- Neotrigonia_lamarckii      
  +-----------------------------------------------------+                              
  |                                                     +-- Neotrigonia_margaritacea   
  |                                                                                    
  |                                                  +----- Triplodon_corrugatus       
  |  +-----------------------------------------------+                                 
  |  |                                               |  +-- Hyridella_australis        
  |  |                                               +--+                              
--+  |                                                  +-- Velesunio_ambiguus         
  |  |                                                                                 
  |  |                                         +----------- Mutela_hargeri             
  |  |                                         |                                       
  |  |  +--------------------------------------+        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana    
  |  |  |                                      |  +-----+                              
  |  |  |                                      |  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi       
  +--+  |                                      +--+                                    
     |  |                                         |  +----- Etheria_elliptica          
     |  |                                         +--+                                 
     |  |                                            |  +-- Tamsiella_schroeteriana    
     |  |                                            +--+                              
     |  |                                               +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis    
     |  |                                                                              
     |  |                          +----------------------- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
     |  |                          |                                                   
     |  |                          |                    +-- Pseudunio_auricularius     
     |  |  +-----------------------+  +-----------------+                              
     +--+  |                       |  |                 +-- Pseudunio_marocanus        
        |  |                       |  |                                                
        |  |                       +--+                 +-- Gibbosula_laosensis        
        |  |                          |  +--------------+                              
        |  |                          |  |              +-- Gibbosula_rochechouartii   
        |  |                          |  |                                             
        |  |                          +--+              +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
        |  |                             |  +-----------+                              
        |  |                             |  |           +-- Margaritifera_dahurica     
        |  |                             +--+                                          
        |  |                                |  +----------- Margaritifera_falcata      
        |  |                                +--+                                       
        |  |                                   |  +-------- Margaritifera_middendorffi 
        |  |                                   +--+                                    
        +--+                                      |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis       
           |                                      +--+                                 
           |                                         |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli      
           |                                         +--+                              
           |                                            +-- Margaritifera_marrianae    
           |                                                                           
           |  +-------------------------------------------- Scabies_crispata           
           |  |                                                                        
           |  |                                      +----- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii__2  
           |  |                             +--------+                                 
           |  |                             |        |  +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii   
           |  |                             |        +--+                              
           |  |                             |           +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii__1  
           |  |  +--------------------------+                                          
           |  |  |                          |  +----------- Lampsilis_cardium          
           +--+  |                          |  |                                       
              |  |                          |  |     +----- Lamprotula_leaii           
              |  |                          +--+  +--+                                 
              |  |                             |  |  |  +-- Potomida_littoralis        
              |  |                             |  |  +--+                              
              |  |                             +--+     +-- Pronodularia_japanensis    
              |  |                                |                                    
              |  |                                |  +----- Inversidens_brandtii       
              |  |                                +--+                                 
              |  |                                   |  +-- Obovalis_omiensis          
              +--+                                   +--+                              
                 |                                      +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri    
                 |                                                                     
                 |                                   +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai        
                 |  +--------------------------------+                                 
                 |  |                                |  +-- Anemina_arcaeformis        
                 |  |                                +--+                              
                 |  |                                   +-- Anemina_euscaphys          
                 |  |                                                                  
                 |  |                             +-------- Pletholophus_tenuis        
                 |  |                          +--+                                    
                 |  |                          |  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai       
                 |  |                          |  +--+                                 
                 +--+                          |     |  +-- Beringiana_japonica        
                    |  +-----------------------+     +--+                              
                    |  |                       |        +-- Beringiana_beringiana      
                    |  |                       |                                       
                    |  |                       |  +-------- Sinanodonta_lucida         
                    |  |                       +--+                                    
                    |  |                          |  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens         
                    |  |                          +--+                                 
                    |  |                             |  +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana       
                    |  |                             +--+                              
                    +--+                                +-- Sinanodonta_lauta          
                       |                                                               
                       |  +-------------------------------- Cristaria_plicata          
                       |  |                                                            
                       |  |                             +-- Anodonta_anatina           
                       |  |                    +--------+                              
                       |  |                    |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea            
                       |  |                    |                                       
                       |  |  +-----------------+     +----- Pyganodon_grandis          
                       +--+  |                 |  +--+                                 
                          |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
                          |  |                 |  |  +--+                              
                          |  |                 +--+     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis   
                          |  |                    |                                    
                          |  |                    |  +----- Alasmidonta_varicosa       
                          |  |                    +--+                                 
                          +--+                       |  +-- Platynaias_compressa       
                             |                       +--+                              
                             |                          +-- Prolasmidonta_heterodon    
                             |                                                         
                             |                       +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1      
                             |  +--------------------+                                 
                             |  |                    |  +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata     
                             |  |                    +--+                              
                             |  |                       +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2      
                             +--+                                                      
                                |  +----------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati     
                                |  |                                                   
                                |  |                 +----- Aculamprotula_tortuosa     
                                |  |  +--------------+                                 
                                +--+  |              |  +-- Aculamprotula_tientsinensis
                                   |  |              +--+                              
                                   |  |                 +-- Aculamprotula_coreana      
                                   |  |                                                
                                   +--+              +----- Unio_nanus                 
                                      |  +-----------+                                 
                                      |  |           |  +-- Unio_delphinus             
                                      |  |           +--+                              
                                      |  |              +-- Unio_pictorum              
                                      |  |                                             
                                      +--+        +-------- Inversiunio_jokohamensis   
                                         |  +-----+                                    
                                         |  |     |  +----- Inversiunio_yanagawensis__2
                                         |  |     +--+                                 
                                         |  |        |  +-- Inversiunio_reinianus      
                                         |  |        +--+                              
                                         +--+           +-- Inversiunio_yanagawensis__1
                                            |                                          
                                            |           +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus  
                                            |  +--------+                              
                                            |  |        +-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula     
                                            +--+                                       
                                               |  +-------- Nodularia_nipponensis__1   
                                               +--+                                    
                                                  |  +----- Nodularia_nipponensis__2   
                                                  +--+                                 
                                                     |  +-- Nodularia_nipponensis__3   
                                                     +--+                              
                                                        +-- Nodularia_douglasiae       
Cladogram Figure 4
                                                        +-- Neotrigonia_lamarckii      
  +-----------------------------------------------------+                              
  |                                                     +-- Neotrigonia_margaritacea   
  |                                                                                    
  |                                                  +----- Triplodon_corrugatus       
  |  +-----------------------------------------------+                                 
  |  |                                               |  +-- Hyridella_australis        
  |  |                                               +--+                              
--+  |                                                  +-- Velesunio_ambiguus         
  |  |                                                                                 
  |  |                                         +----------- Mutela_hargeri             
  |  |                                         |                                       
  |  |  +--------------------------------------+        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana    
  |  |  |                                      |  +-----+                              
  |  |  |                                      |  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi       
  +--+  |                                      +--+                                    
     |  |                                         |  +----- Etheria_elliptica          
     |  |                                         +--+                                 
     |  |                                            |  +-- Tamsiella_schroeteriana    
     |  |                                            +--+                              
     |  |                                               +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis    
     |  |                                                                              
     |  |                             +-------------------- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
     |  |                             |                                                
     |  |                             |                 +-- Pseudunio_auricularius     
     |  |  +--------------------------+  +--------------+                              
     +--+  |                          |  |              +-- Pseudunio_marocanus        
        |  |                          |  |                                             
        |  |                          +--+              +-- Gibbosula_rochechouartii   
        |  |                             |  +-----------+                              
        |  |                             |  |           +-- Gibbosula_laosensis        
        |  |                             |  |                                          
        |  |                             +--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
        |  |                                |  +--------+                              
        |  |                                |  |        +-- Margaritifera_dahurica     
        |  |                                +--+                                       
        |  |                                   |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata      
        |  |                                   |  |                                    
        |  |                                   +--+     +-- Margaritifera_laevis       
        |  |                                      |  +--+                              
        +--+                                      |  |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi 
           |                                      +--+                                 
           |                                         |  +-- Margaritifera_hembeli      
           |                                         +--+                              
           |                                            +-- Margaritifera_marrianae    
           |                                                                           
           |  +-------------------------------------------- Scabies_crispata           
           |  |                                                                        
           |  |                          +----------------- Lampsilis_cardium          
           |  |                          |                                             
           |  |                          |           +----- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii__2  
           |  |  +-----------------------+  +--------+                                 
           |  |  |                       |  |        |  +-- Sinohyriopsis_schlegelii   
           |  |  |                       |  |        +--+                              
           |  |  |                       +--+           +-- Sinohyriopsis_cumingii__1  
           +--+  |                          |                                          
              |  |                          |  +----------- Inversidens_brandtii       
              |  |                          |  |                                       
              |  |                          +--+        +-- Obovalis_omiensis          
              |  |                             |  +-----+                              
              |  |                             |  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus_pfisteri    
              |  |                             +--+                                    
              |  |                                |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii           
              |  |                                +--+                                 
              +--+                                   |  +-- Pronodularia_japanensis    
                 |                                   +--+                              
                 |                                      +-- Potomida_littoralis        
                 |                                                                     
                 |                                   +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai        
                 |  +--------------------------------+                                 
                 |  |                                |  +-- Anemina_arcaeformis        
                 |  |                                +--+                              
                 |  |                                   +-- Anemina_euscaphys          
                 |  |                                                                  
                 |  |                             +-------- Sinanodonta_lucida         
                 |  |                          +--+                                    
                 |  |                          |  |  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens         
                 |  |                          |  +--+                                 
                 +--+                          |     |  +-- Sinanodonta_woodiana       
                    |  +-----------------------+     +--+                              
                    |  |                       |        +-- Sinanodonta_lauta          
                    |  |                       |                                       
                    |  |                       |  +-------- Pletholophus_tenuis        
                    |  |                       +--+                                    
                    |  |                          |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai       
                    |  |                          +--+                                 
                    |  |                             |  +-- Beringiana_japonica        
                    |  |                             +--+                              
                    +--+                                +-- Beringiana_beringiana      
                       |                                                               
                       |  +-------------------------------- Cristaria_plicata          
                       |  |                                                            
                       |  |                             +-- Anodonta_cygnea            
                       |  |                    +--------+                              
                       |  |                    |        +-- Anodonta_anatina           
                       |  |                    |                                       
                       |  |  +-----------------+     +----- Alasmidonta_varicosa       
                       +--+  |                 |  +--+                                 
                          |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Prolasmidonta_heterodon    
                          |  |                 |  |  +--+                              
                          |  |                 +--+     +-- Platynaias_compressa       
                          |  |                    |                                    
                          |  |                    |  +----- Pyganodon_grandis          
                          |  |                    +--+                                 
                          +--+                       |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
                             |                       +--+                              
                             |                          +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis   
                             |                                                         
                             |  +-------------------------- Lepidodesma_languilati     
                             |  |                                                      
                             |  |                    +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1      
                             |  |  +-----------------+                                 
                             +--+  |                 |  +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata     
                                |  |                 +--+                              
                                |  |                    +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2      
                                |  |                                                   
                                +--+                 +----- Aculamprotula_tortuosa     
                                   |  +--------------+                                 
                                   |  |              |  +-- Aculamprotula_tientsinensis
                                   |  |              +--+                              
                                   |  |                 +-- Aculamprotula_coreana      
                                   |  |                                                
                                   +--+              +----- Unio_nanus                 
                                      |  +-----------+                                 
                                      |  |           |  +-- Unio_delphinus             
                                      |  |           +--+                              
                                      |  |              +-- Unio_pictorum              
                                      |  |                                             
                                      +--+        +-------- Nodularia_nipponensis__3   
                                         |  +-----+                                    
                                         |  |     |  +----- Nodularia_nipponensis__1   
                                         |  |     +--+                                 
                                         |  |        |  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae       
                                         |  |        +--+                              
                                         +--+           +-- Nodularia_nipponensis__2   
                                            |                                          
                                            |           +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus  
                                            |  +--------+                              
                                            |  |        +-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula     
                                            +--+                                       
                                               |  +-------- Inversiunio_jokohamensis   
                                               +--+                                    
                                                  |  +----- Inversiunio_yanagawensis__2
                                                  +--+                                 
                                                     |  +-- Inversiunio_reinianus      
                                                     +--+                              
                                                        +-- Inversiunio_yanagawensis__1

Page updated: 15:13:10 Wed 04 Dec 2024

 
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