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Page last updated
Thu 01 Jun 2023

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Etherioidea

family ETHERIIDAE Deshayes, 1832: cladomics
     4 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 4

analyzed in 33 cladograms in 21 publications
maximum number of terminal species in an analysis = 3, mean = 1.36
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) in an analysis = 3, mean = 1.36

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included species = 3, mean = 2.71
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3, mean = 2.71
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.29

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 7
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included species = 3, mean = 2.71
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3, mean = 2.71
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.29

Hoeh et al., 2009, fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 37 33 3 44 7 2 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** 

                                      +----- Chambardia_wahlbergi       
                                      |                                 
                             +--------+----- Aspatharia_rugifera        
                             |        |                                 
                             |        |  +-- Mutela_rostrata            
  +--------------------------+        +--+                              
  |                          |           +-- Mutela_dubia               
  |                          |                                          
  |                          |  +----------- Etheria_elliptica **          
  |                          +--+                                       
  |                             |  +-------- Mulleria_rivoli **            
  |                             +--+                                    
  |                                |  +----- Monocondylaea_minuana      
--+                                +--+                                 
  |                                   |  +-- Anodontites_trigona        
  |                                   +--+                              
  |                                      +-- Anodontites_guanarensis    
  |                                                                     
  |                                      +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
  |  +-----------------------------------+                              
  |  |                                   +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
  |  |                                                                  
  +--+  +----------------------------------- Coelatura_aegyptiaca       
     |  |                                                               
     |  |  +-------------------------------- Pseudomulleria_dalyi **       
     |  |  |                                                            
     +--+  |                             +-- Unio_pictorum              
        |  |                    +--------+                              
        |  |                    |        +-- Unio_caffer                
        |  |  +-----------------+                                       
        +--+  |                 |  +-------- Lasmigona_costata          
           |  |                 +--+                                    
           |  |                    |  +----- Alasmidonta_marginata      
           |  |                    +--+                                 
           |  |                       |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus       
           |  |                       +--+                              
           +--+                          +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
              |                                                         
              |  +-------------------------- Lens_contradens            
              |  |                                                      
              |  |                    +----- Gonidea_angulata           
              |  |  +-----------------+                                 
              |  |  |                 |  +-- Pilsbryoconcha_exilis      
              +--+  |                 +--+                              
                 |  |                    +-- Monodontina_cambodjensis   
                 |  |                                                   
                 |  |           +----------- Amblema_plicata            
                 |  |           |                                       
                 +--+           |     +----- Obliquaria_reflexa         
                    |  +--------+  +--+                                 
                    |  |        |  |  |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa         
                    |  |        |  |  +--+                              
                    |  |        +--+     +-- Quadrula_quadrula          
                    |  |           |                                    
                    |  |           |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata           
                    +--+           +--+                                 
                       |              |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
                       |              +--+                              
                       |                 +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                       |                                                
                       |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                       +--+                                             
                          |  +-------------- Truncilla_truncata         
                          +--+                                          
                             |  +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                             +--+                                       
                                |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium          
                                +--+                                    
                                   |  +----- Cambarunio_iris            
                                   +--+                                 
                                      |  +-- Ligumia_recta              
                                      +--+                              
                                         +-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Huang et al., 2019, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 198 9 2 --

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

     +----- Mycetopoda_siliquosa   
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
  |  +--+                          
--+     +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
  |                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
     +--+                          
        +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Graf & Cummings, 2006, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 44 7 2 36.0 
        +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Mulleria_rivoli **        
  |     +--+                          
  |        +-- Pseudomulleria_dalyi **   
  |                                   
--+     +----- Monocondylaea_minuana  
  |  +--+                             
  |  |  |  +-- Anodontites_trigona    
  |  |  +--+                          
  |  |     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
  +--+                                
     |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
     |  +--+                          
     |  |  +-- Aspatharia_rugifera    
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Mutela_dubia           
        +--+                          
           +-- Mutela_rostrata

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000, fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 28 20 3 31 5 2 33.0 
                          +-- Mutela_dubia               
              +-----------+                              
              |           +-- Mutela_rostrata            
  +-----------+                                          
  |           |  +----------- Etheria_elliptica **          
  |           +--+                                       
  |              |  +-------- Mulleria_rivoli **            
  |              +--+                                    
  |                 |  +----- Monocondylaea_minuana      
  |                 +--+                                 
--+                    |  +-- Anodontites_trigona        
  |                    +--+                              
  |                       +-- Anodontites_guanarensis    
  |                                                      
  |  +----------------------- Coelatura_aegyptiaca       
  |  |                                                   
  |  |  +-------------------- Pseudomulleria_dalyi **       
  +--+  |                                                
     |  |              +----- Anodonta_cygnea            
     |  |  +-----------+                                 
     +--+  |           |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus       
        |  |           +--+                              
        |  |              +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +-------------- Gonidea_angulata           
           |  |                                          
           |  |           +-- Unio_pictorum              
           |  +-----------+                              
           |  |           +-- Unio_tumidus               
           |  |                                          
           +--+           +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
              |  +--------+                              
              |  |        +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
              |  |                                       
              |  |  +-------- Toxolasma_lividum          
              |  |  |                                    
              +--+  +-------- Amblema_plicata            
                 |  |                                    
                 |  |     +-- Glebula_rotundata          
                 |  +-----+                              
                 |  |     +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis    
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+  +----- Potamilus_alatus           
                    +--+                                 
                    |  |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                    |  +--+                              
                    |     +-- Ligumia_recta              
                    |                                    
                    |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula          
                    |  |                                 
                    +--+  +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
                       |  |                              
                       +--+-- Pleurobema_clava           
                          |                              
                          +-- Fusconaia_flava

Hoeh et al., 2009, fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 36 32 3 43 7 2 17.0 
                                            +-- Etheria_elliptica **          
                                   +--------+                              
                                   |        +-- Mulleria_rivoli **            
                                   |                                       
                                   |     +----- Monocondylaea_minuana      
  +--------------------------------+  +--+                                 
  |                                |  |  |  +-- Anodontites_trigona        
  |                                |  |  +--+                              
  |                                |  |     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis    
  |                                +--+                                    
  |                                   |     +-- Mutela_rostrata            
  |                                   |  +--+                              
--+                                   |  |  +-- Mutela_dubia               
  |                                   +--+                                 
  |                                      |  +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi       
  |                                      +--+                              
  |                                         +-- Aspatharia_rugifera        
  |                                                                        
  |  +----------------------------------------- Coelatura_aegyptiaca       
  |  |                                                                     
  +--+  +-------------------------------------- Pseudomulleria_dalyi **       
     |  |                                                                  
     |  |                                   +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera
     +--+  +--------------------------------+                              
        |  |                                +-- Cumberlandia_monodonta     
        |  |                                                               
        |  |                                +-- Pilsbryoconcha_exilis      
        +--+  +-----------------------------+                              
           |  |                             +-- Monodontina_cambodjensis   
           |  |                                                            
           |  |  +----------------------------- Lens_contradens            
           +--+  |                                                         
              |  |                          +-- Unio_pictorum              
              |  |                 +--------+                              
              |  |                 |        +-- Unio_caffer                
              |  |  +--------------+                                       
              +--+  |              |  +-------- Lasmigona_costata          
                 |  |              +--+                                    
                 |  |                 |  +----- Alasmidonta_marginata      
                 |  |                 +--+                                 
                 |  |                    |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus       
                 |  |                    +--+                              
                 +--+                       +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
                    |                                                      
                    |  +----------------------- Gonidea_angulata           
                    |  |                                                   
                    |  |                    +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
                    |  |                    |                              
                    |  |              +-----+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
                    +--+              |     |                              
                       |  +-----------+     +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                       |  |           |                                    
                       |  |           |  +----- Obliquaria_reflexa         
                       |  |           +--+                                 
                       +--+              |  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa         
                          |              +--+                              
                          |                 +-- Quadrula_quadrula          
                          |                                                
                          |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris 
                          +--+                                             
                             |  +-------------- Truncilla_truncata         
                             +--+                                          
                                |  +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina    
                                +--+                                       
                                   |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium          
                                   +--+                                    
                                      |  +----- Cambarunio_iris            
                                      +--+                                 
                                         |  +-- Ligumia_recta              
                                         +--+                              
                                            +-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Hoeh et al., 2009, fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 10 8 3 43 7 2 32.0 
  +----------------- Pseudomulleria_dalyi **   
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Mulleria_rivoli **        
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Etheria_elliptica **      
     |  |                                   
     |  |     +----- Monocondylaea_minuana  
     +--+  +--+                             
        |  |  |  +-- Anodontites_trigona    
        |  |  +--+                          
        |  |     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
        +--+                                
           |     +-- Mutela_rostrata        
           |  +--+                          
           |  |  +-- Mutela_dubia           
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
              +--+                          
                 +-- Aspatharia_rugifera

Graf, 2000, fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 16 4 2 -- 
        +-- Mutela[1]  
  +-----+              
  |     +-- Mutela[2]  
--+                    
  |  +----- Anodontites
  |  |                 
  +--+----- Mycetopoda 
     |                 
     |  +-- Etheria **    
     +--+              
        +-- Mulleria **

Walker et al., 2006, fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 7 0 2 36 7 2 35.0 
                 +-- Mutela_dubia           
  +--------------+                          
  |              +-- Mutela_rostrata        
--+                                         
  |  +-------------- Etheria_elliptica **      
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Chambardia_rubens      
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +-------- Mulleria_rivoli **        
        |  |                                
        +--+     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
           |  +--+                          
           |  |  +-- Anodontites_trigona    
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Tamsiella_tamsiana     
              +--+                          
                 +-- Monocondylaea_minuana

Graf et al., 2015, fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 2 2 -- 
  +----- Chambardia_wahlbergi
--+                          
  |  +-- Anodontites_elongata
  +--+                       
     +-- Etheria_elliptica **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 2 2 -- 
  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
--+                             
  |  +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
  +--+                          
     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Elderkin et al., 2016, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
-- Etheria_elliptica

Bolotov et al., 2016, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontites_elongata   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
     +--+                          
        +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Bolotov et al., 2016, fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontites_elongata   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
     +--+                          
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017, fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 80 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Mycetopoda_siliquosa

Bolotov et al., 2017, fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 137 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontites_elongata   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
     +--+                          
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana

Bolotov et al., 2017, fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 137 3 2 -- 
     +-- Anodontites_elongata   
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Etheria_elliptica **      
--+                             
  |  +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +--+                          
     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Combosch et al., 2017, fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 5 2 -- 
           +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Mutela_hargeri         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
        +--+                          
           +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Combosch et al., 2017, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 5 2 -- 
           +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Mutela_hargeri         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
        +--+                          
           +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Konopleva et al., 2017, fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontites_elongata
--+                          
  |  +-- Etheria_elliptica **   
  +--+                       
     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Huang et al., 2018, fig. 3, 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018, fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
     +--+                          
        +-- Anodontites_elongata

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018, fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 5 2 -- 
        +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Huang et al., 2019, fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 196 9 2 -- 
     +----- Mycetopoda_siliquosa   
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
  |  +--+                          
--+     +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
  |                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
     +--+                          
        +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Huang et al., 2019, fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 198 9 2 -- 
  +----------- Etheria_elliptica **      
  |                                   
  |        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
  |                                   
--+     +----- Mycetopoda_siliquosa   
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
  |     +--+                          
  |        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Anodontites_trapesialis
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Mutela_hargeri         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Mutela_dubia           
        +--+                          
           +-- Mutela_rostrata

Pfeiffer et al., 2019, fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontites_elongata   
--+                             
  |  +-- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                          
     +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana

Pfeiffer et al., 2019, fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 2 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontites_elongata   
--+                             
  |  +-- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                          
     +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020, fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 121 4 2 -- 
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Mycetopoda_siliquosa   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
     +--+                          
        +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi

Lemer et al., 2019, fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Etheria_elliptica **      
--+                          
  +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana

Wu et al., 2020, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Wu et al., 2020, fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Sano et al., 2020, fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 74 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Sano et al., 2020, fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 74 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Sano et al., 2020, fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 74 5 2 -- 
        +-- Aspatharia_pfeifferiana
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Chambardia_wahlbergi   
--+                                
  |  +----- Etheria_elliptica **      
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Anodontites_elongata   
     +--+                          
        +-- Lamproscapha_ensiformis

Page updated: 08:48:57 Thu 01 Jun 2023
 
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