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Page last updated
Wed 06 Mar 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini

genus Hemistena Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     1 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 1

analyzed in 25 cladograms in 12 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 1, mean = 1.0


Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1, 3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 204 156 8 --

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                                      +-- Elliptio_lanceolata      
  +-----------------------------------+                            
  |                                   +-- Parvaspina_collina       
  |                                                                
  |  +----------------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |  |                                                             
  |  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
  |  |                                                             
  |  +----------------------------------- Hemistena_lata **           
  |  |                                                             
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_complanata      
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis    
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta[1]     
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_shepardiana     
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_angustata       
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_arca            
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_arctata         
  |  |                                |                            
--+  |                                +-- Elliptio_jayensis        
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |  |                                |                            
  |  +--------------------------------+-- Elliptio_dariensis       
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_fisheriana      
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_folliculata     
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_fumata          
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_icterina        
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli      
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_producta[2]     
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_pullata         
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_purpurella      
  |  |                                |                            
  |  |                                +-- Elliptio_congaraea       
  |  |                                                             
  +--+                                +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
     |                                |                            
     |  +-----------------------------+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
     |  |                             |                            
     |  |                             +-- Pleuronaia_gibber        
     |  |                                                          
     |  |     +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum        
     |  |     |                                                    
     |  |     |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile       
     |  |     |  |                                                 
     |  |     |  |                 +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
     |  |  +--+  |              +--+                               
     |  |  |  |  |              |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] 
     |  |  |  |  |              |  +--+                            
     |  |  |  |  |  +-----------+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
     |  |  |  |  |  |           |                                  
     |  |  |  +--+  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
     |  |  |     |  |           |  |                               
     |  |  |     |  |           +--+  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] 
     |  |  |     |  |              |  |                            
     |  |  |     |  |              +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]
     |  |  |     |  |                 |                            
     |  |  |     |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]
     |  |  |     |  |                                              
     |  |  |     +--+     +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum[2]
     |  |  |        |     |                                        
     |  |  |        |  +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum[2] 
     |  |  |        |  |  |  |                                     
     |  |  |        |  |  +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
     |  |  |        |  |     |                                     
     |  |  |        |  |     |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum[1]
     |  |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
     |  |  |        |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_taitianum     
     |  |  |        |  |        +--+                               
     |  |  |        |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
     |  |  |        +--+           +--+                            
     |  |  |           |              +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum[1] 
     |  |  |           |                                           
     |  |  |           |           +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[6]   
     |  |  |           |           |                               
     |  |  |           |        +--+----- Pleurobema_clava[3]      
     |  |  |           |        |  |                               
     |  |  |           |        |  |  +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[5]   
     |  |  |           |        |  +--+                            
     |  |  |           +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_clava[2]      
     +--+  |                    |                                  
        |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]   
        |  |                    |  |                               
        |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[3]   
        |  |                    +--+                               
        |  |                       +----- Pleurobema_oviforme[4]   
        |  |                       |                               
        |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_clava[1]      
        |  |                       +--+                            
        |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]   
        |  |                                                       
        |  |  +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum      
        |  |  |                                                    
        |  |  |                    +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
        |  |  |  +-----------------+                               
        |  +--+  |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cor            
        |  |  |  |                 +--+                            
        |  |  |  |                    +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
        |  |  |  |                                                 
        |  |  |  |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis     
        |  |  +--+  |                                              
        |  |     |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
        |  |     |  |  +--------------+                            
        |  |     |  |  |              +-- Fusconaia_burkei         
        |  |     |  |  |                                           
        |  |     |  |  |           +----- Fusconaia_flava[27]      
        |  |     |  |  |           |                               
        |  |     +--+  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_iheringi       
        |  |        |  |           +--+                            
        |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli      
        |  |        |  +-----------+                               
        |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]      
        |  |        |  |           |  |                            
        |  |        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[2]      
        |  |        |  |           |  |                            
        |  |        +--+           |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[3]      
        |  |           |           +--+                            
        |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi[4]      
        |  |           |              |                            
        |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_askewi[5]      
        |  |           |              |                            
        |  |           |              +-- Fusconaia_chunii         
        |  |           |                                           
        +--+           |  +-------------- Fusconaia_masoni         
           |           |  |                                        
           |           |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_flava[26]      
           |           |  |  |                                     
           |           |  |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cerina[8]      
           |           +--+  |  +-----+                            
           |              |  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava[25]      
           |              |  |  |                                  
           |              |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[5]       
           |              |  |  |  |                               
           |              |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[6]       
           |              +--+  |  |                               
           |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[7]       
           |                 |  |  |                               
           |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[8]       
           |                 |  |  |                               
           |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[4]      
           |                 |  |  |                               
           |                 |  |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[9]       
           |                 |  |  |                               
           |                 +--+  +----- Fusconaia_flava[10]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[11]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[12]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[13]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[14]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[15]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[16]      
           |                    |  |                               
           |                    |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[17]      
           |                    +--+                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[18]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[19]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[20]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[21]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[22]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[23]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_flava[24]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[5]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[6]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       +----- Fusconaia_cerina[7]      
           |                       |                               
           |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]       
           |                       |  |                            
           |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[2]       
           |                       |  |                            
           |                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]       
           |                       |  |                            
           |                       +--+-- Fusconaia_flava[4]       
           |                          |                            
           |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]      
           |                          |                            
           |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]      
           |                          |                            
           |                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[3]      
           |                                                       
           |           +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii     
           |           |                                           
           |           |  +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[21]  
           |           |  |                                        
           |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[19]  
           |           |  |  |                                     
           |           |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[20]  
           |           |  |  |                                     
           +-----------+  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia[18]  
                       |  |  |     |                               
                       |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[19]    
                       |  |  |     |                               
                       |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[20]    
                       |  |  +-----+                               
                       |  |  |     +----- Pleurobema_rubrum[21]    
                       |  |  |     |                               
                       |  |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[17]    
                       +--+  |     |  |                            
                          |  |     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[16]  
                          |  |     +--+                            
                          |  |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[17]  
                          |  |        |                            
                          |  |        +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[18]    
                          |  |                                     
                          |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[4]            
                          |  |  |                                  
                          |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[5]            
                          |  |  |                                  
                          |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[1]   
                          |  |  |                                  
                          |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[8]            
                          |  |  |                                  
                          |  |  +-------- Pleurobema[9]            
                          +--+  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema[10]           
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[3]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[4]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[5]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[6]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[7]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[8]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[9]   
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[10]  
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[11]  
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[12]  
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[13]  
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[14]  
                             |  |                                  
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia[15]  
                             |  |                                  
                             +--+-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[4]     
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[5]     
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[6]     
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[7]     
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[8]     
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[9]     
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[10]    
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[11]    
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[12]    
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[13]    
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[14]    
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[15]    
                                |                                  
                                +-------- Pleurobema_rubrum[16]    
                                |                                  
                                |     +-- Pleurobema[6]            
                                +-----+                            
                                |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]     
                                |                                  
                                |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia[2]   
                                +-----+                            
                                |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]     
                                |                                  
                                |     +-- Pleurobema[7]            
                                +-----+                            
                                |     +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[3]     
                                |                                  
                                |  +----- Pleurobema[3]            
                                +--+                               
                                   |  +-- Pleurobema[1]            
                                   +--+                            
                                      +-- Pleurobema[2]            

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 4 3 --
  +-------- Hemistena_lata **     
--+                            
  |  +----- Elliptio_complanata
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei   
     +--+                      
        +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 4 3 --
  +-------- Hemistena_lata **     
--+                            
  |  +----- Elliptio_complanata
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei   
     +--+                      
        +-- Fusconaia_flava    

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 116 38 8 --
  +----------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus  
  |                                                             
  |  +-------------------------------- Hemistena_lata **           
  |  |                                                          
--+  |                          +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |  |  +-----------------------+                               
  |  |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca            
  |  |  |                       +--+                            
  |  |  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  +--+  |                                                       
     |  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata         
     |  |  +-----------------------+                            
     |  |  |                       +-- Parvaspina_collina       
     |  |  |                                                    
     |  |  |                    +----- Pleuronaia_gibber        
     |  |  +--------------------+                               
     |  |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
     +--+  |                    +--+                            
        |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
        |  |                                                    
        |  |              +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
        |  |              |                                     
        |  |              |        +-- Fusconaia_cor            
        |  +--------------+  +-----+                            
        |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
        |  |              |  |                                  
        |  |              |  |     +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]      
        |  |              +--+     |                            
        |  |                 |  +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina[2]      
        +--+                 |  |  |                            
           |                 |  |  +-- Fusconaia_flava          
           |                 +--+                               
           |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]      
           |                    |  |                            
           |                    |  +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]      
           |                    +--+                            
           |                       +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]      
           |                       |                            
           |                       +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
           |                                                    
           |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]     
           |                    +--+                            
           |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum      
           |  +-----------------+                               
           |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]     
           |  |                 +--+                            
           |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia      
           +--+                                                 
              |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
              |  |                                              
              |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] 
              |  |                 |                            
              +--+  +--------------+-- Pleurobema_georgianum[3] 
                 |  |              |                            
                 |  |              +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
                 |  |                                           
                 |  |           +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
                 +--+           |                               
                    |  +--------+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]
                    |  |        |  |                            
                    |  |        +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]
                    |  |           |                            
                    |  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] 
                    +--+                                        
                       |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]   
                       |           |                            
                       |  +--------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]   
                       |  |        |                            
                       +--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava         
                          |                                     
                          |  +-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum    
                          +--+                                  
                             |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum      
                             +--+                               
                                |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
                                +--+                            
                                   +-- Pleurobema_taitianum     

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 114 35 8 --
  +----------------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus      
  |                                                       
  +----------------------------- Parvaspina_collina       
  |                                                       
  |                          +-- Elliptio_arca            
  +--------------------------+                            
  |                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens      
  |                                                       
  |  +-------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata         
--+  |                                                    
  |  +-------------------------- Hemistena_lata **           
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]     
  |  |                    +--+                            
  |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia      
  |  |  +-----------------+                               
  |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]     
  |  |  |                 +--+                            
  +--+  |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum      
     |  |                                                 
     |  |        +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda     
     |  |        |                                        
     |  |        |           +-- Fusconaia_cor            
     |  +--------+  +--------+                            
     |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus       
     |  |        |  |                                     
     |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_cerina         
     |  |           |  +-----+                            
     |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_flava          
     +--+           +--+                                  
        |              |  +----- Fusconaia_burkei[2]      
        |              +--+                               
        |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_escambia       
        |                 +--+                            
        |                    +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]      
        |                                                 
        |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber        
        |  +--------------+                               
        |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana    
        |  |              +--+                            
        |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides 
        |  |                                              
        |  |           +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum      
        +--+  +--------+                                  
           |  |        |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum    
           |  |        +--+                               
           |  |           |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum     
           |  |           +--+                            
           |  |              +-- Pleurobema_taitianum     
           +--+                                           
              |              +-- Pleurobema_oviforme[1]   
              |              |                            
              |  +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme[2]   
              |  |           |                            
              |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava         
              +--+                                        
                 |  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme     
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+        +-- Pleurobema_athearni      
                    |  +-----+                            
                    |  |     +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2] 
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum       
                       |  |                               
                       +--+  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[1]
                          |  |                            
                          +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum[2]
                             |                            
                             +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1] 

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 --
  +----- Fusconaia_flava 
--+                      
  |  +-- Hemistena_lata **  
  +--+                   
     +-- Eurynia_dilatata

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 25 7 --
  +-------- Pleuronaia_gibber  
  |                            
  |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
--+  |                         
  |  +----- Hemistena_lata **     
  |  |                         
  +--+----- Plethobasus_cyphyus
     |                         
     +----- Parvaspina_collina 
     |                         
     |  +-- Elliptio_arca      
     +--+                      
        +-- Elliptio_crassidens

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 25 7 --
-- Hemistena_lata

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 26 7 --
-- Hemistena_lata

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 26 7 --
  +-------------------------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                                               
  |  +----------------------------------- Hemistena_lata **          
--+  |                                                            
  |  |                             +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |  |  +--------------------------+                              
  +--+  |                          |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
     |  |                          +--+                           
     |  |                             +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
     |  |                                                         
     +--+                             +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
        |  +--------------------------+                           
        |  |                          +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        |  |                                                      
        |  |                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
        +--+  +-----------------------+                           
           |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
           |  |                                                   
           |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
           +--+                    +--+                           
              |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]    
              |  +-----------------+                              
              |  |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]    
              |  |                 +--+                           
              +--+                    +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
                 |                                                
                 |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
                 |  |                                             
                 +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
                    |  |                                          
                    |  |           +----- Pleurobema_decisum      
                    +--+  +--------+                              
                       |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  
                       |  |        +--+                           
                       |  |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[2]
                       +--+                                       
                          |           +-- Pleurobema_georgianum[1]
                          |  +--------+                           
                          |  |        +-- Pleurobema_athearni     
                          |  |                                    
                          +--+        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme     
                             |  +-----+                           
                             |  |     +-- Pleurobema_clava        
                             |  |                                 
                             +--+  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
                                |  |                              
                                |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum     
                                +--+                              
                                   +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
                                   |                              
                                   |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum    
                                   +--+                           
                                      +-- Pleurobema_taitianum    

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 25 8 --
        +-- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Hemistena_lata **     
--+                            
  |  +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Elliptio_arca      
     +--+                      
        +-- Elliptio_crassidens

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 25 8 --
  +-------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |                                                   
  |  +----------------------- Hemistena_lata **          
  |  |                                                
  |  +----------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |  |                                                
--+  |                    +-- Elliptio_arca           
  |  +--------------------+                           
  |  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
  |  |                                                
  |  |                    +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  +--------------------+                           
  |  |                    +-- Parvaspina_collina      
  +--+                                                
     |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
     |  +--------------+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
     |  |              +--+                           
     |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     |  |                                             
     |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
     |  |        +--------+                           
     |  |        |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
     |  +--------+                                    
     |  |        |  +-------- Pleurobema_stabile      
     +--+        +--+                                 
        |           |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
        |           +--+                              
        |              |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
        |              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
        |                                             
        |              +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
        |  +-----------+                              
        |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_cor           
        |  |           +--+                           
        +--+              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
           |                                          
           |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
           |  |                                       
           +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
              |  +--------+                           
              |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 50 31 8 --
  +-------------------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                                         
  |                             +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  +-----------------------------+                           
  |                             +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |                                                         
--+                          +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |                       |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |                       +--+                           
  |  |                          +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  |                                                      
  |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_stabile      
  +--+                    +-----+                           
     |                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
     |  +-----------------+                                 
     |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum      
     |  |                 +--+                              
     |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
     +--+                    +--+                           
        |                       +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
        |                                                   
        |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum     
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
           |  |                                             
           |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
           +--+  +--------------+                           
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
              |  |                                          
              +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |           +-- Fusconaia_flava[6]      
                 |  |  +--------+                           
                 +--+  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni        
                    |  |                                    
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    |  |        |                           
                    +--+        +-- Fusconaia_burkei[1]     
                       |  +-----+                           
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei[2]     
                       |  |     |                           
                       |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei[3]     
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[5]      
                          |  |                              
                          |  |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                          +--+  |                           
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      
                             |  |                           
                             +--+-- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_flava[3]      
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_flava[4]      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 25 8 --
  +----------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
  |                                                                  
--+  +-------------------------------------- Hemistena_lata **          
  |  |                                                               
  +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
     |  |                                                            
     |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
     +--+  +-----------------------------+                           
        |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
        |  |                                                         
        |  |                          +----- Pleurobema_clava        
        +--+  +-----------------------+                              
           |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
           |  |                       +--+                           
           |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
           |  |                                                      
           +--+                    +-------- Parvaspina_collina      
              |  +-----------------+                                 
              |  |                 |  +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
              |  |                 +--+                              
              |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
              |  |                    +--+                           
              +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                 |                                                   
                 |                    +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                 |  +-----------------+                              
                 |  |                 |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                 |  |                 +--+                           
                 +--+                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                    |                                                
                    |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                    |  |                                             
                    +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                       |  +--------------+                           
                       |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                       +--+                                          
                          |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                          |  |                                       
                          +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                             |  +--------+                           
                             |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                             +--+                                    
                                |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                +--+                                 
                                   |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina[2]     
                                   +--+                              
                                      |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                      +--+                           
                                         +-- Fusconaia_cerina[1]     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 41 8 --
              +-- Hemistena_lata **      
  +-----------+                       
  |           +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus 
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana
  |  |                                
  |  |  +-------- Elliptio_complanata 
  +--+  |                             
     |  |  +----- Elliptio_purpurella 
     |  +--+                          
     |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_arca       
     +--+  +--+                       
        |     +-- Elliptio_arctata    
        |                             
        |     +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli 
        |     |                       
        +-----+-- Elliptio_pullata    
              |                       
              +-- Elliptio_crassidens 

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 41 8 --
                             +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--------------------------+                           
  |                          +-- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                                      
  |                          +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  +--------------------------+                           
  |                          +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |                                                      
  |                 +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana    
  |                 |                                    
  |                 |     +----- Elliptio_crassidens     
  +-----------------+  +--+                              
  |                 |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli     
  |                 |  |  +--+                           
  |                 +--+     +-- Elliptio_pullata        
  |                    |                                 
  |                    |  +----- Elliptio_complanata     
--+                    |  |                              
  |                    +--+  +-- Elliptio_purpurella     
  |                       |  |                           
  |                       +--+-- Elliptio_arca           
  |                          |                           
  |                          +-- Elliptio_arctata        
  |                                                      
  |                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |  +--------------------+                              
  |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  |                    +--+                           
  |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |                                                   
  |  |           +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
  |  |           |                                       
  |  |           |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
  |  |  +--------+  +-----+                              
  +--+  |        |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor           
     |  |        |  |     +--+                           
     |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
     |  |        +--+                                    
     |  |           |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
     |  |           |  +-----+                           
     |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
     |  |           +--+                                 
     |  |              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni        
     +--+              +--+                              
        |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
        |                 +--+                           
        |                    +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        |                                                
        |              +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii    
        |  +-----------+                                 
        |  |           |  +----- Pleurobema_cordatum     
        |  |           +--+                              
        |  |              |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum       
        |  |              +--+                           
        +--+                 +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
           |                                             
           |  +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
           |  |                                          
           |  |     +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
           |  |  +--+                                    
           +--+  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum     
              |  |  +--+                                 
              |  |     |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
              |  |     +--+                              
              |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum    
              +--+        +--+                           
                 |           +-- Pleurobema_taitianum    
                 |                                       
                 |           +-- Pleurobema_clava        
                 |  +--------+                           
                 |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme     
                 +--+                                    
                    |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
                    |  |                                 
                    +--+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni     
                       |  +--+                           
                       |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum   
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
                          +--+                           
                             +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 43 37 7 --
                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +-----------------------+                           
  |                       +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
--+              |     +--+                           
  |  +-----------+        +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  |           |                                    
  |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii    
  |  |           +--+                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
  |  |              +--+                              
  +--+                 |  +-- Pleurobema_rubrum       
     |                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
        |  |                                          
        |  |           +----- Pleurobema_georgianum   
        +--+  +--------+                              
           |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  
           |  |        +--+                           
           |  |           +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
           +--+                                       
              |           +-- Pleurobema_clava        
              |  +--------+                           
              |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme     
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+     +-- Pleurobema_rubellum     
                    |  +--+                           
                    |  |  +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum    
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Pleurobema_taitianum    

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 39 7 --
        +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Hemistena_lata **     
--+                            
  |  +----- Eurynia_dilatata   
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Elliptio_arca      
     +--+                      
        +-- Elliptio_crassidens

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 41 7 --
  +-------------------------------- Hemistena_lata **          
  |                                                         
  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
  |                                                         
  |  +----------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |  |                                                      
--+  |                    +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii    
  |  |                    |                                 
  |  |  +-----------------+  +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
  |  |  |                 |  |                              
  |  |  |                 +--+----- Pleurobema_rubrum[2]    
  |  |  |                    |                              
  +--+  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
     |  |                    +--+                           
     |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_rubrum[1]    
     |  |                                                   
     |  |  +----------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
     |  |  |                                                
     |  |  |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
     |  |  +-----------------+                              
     |  |  |                 |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+  |                 +--+                           
        |  |                    +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
        |  |                                                
        |  |                 +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
        |  +-----------------+                              
        |  |                 |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
        |  |                 +--+                           
        |  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
        |  |                                                
        |  |                    +-- Pleurobema_clava        
        |  |           +--------+                           
        |  |           |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme     
        |  |           |                                    
        |  |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_decisum      
        +--+-----------+  |                                 
           |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
           |           |  |                                 
           |           |  +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  
           |           +--+                                 
           |              +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum   
           |              |                                 
           |              |  +----- Pleurobema_rubellum     
           |              |  |                              
           |              |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
           |              +--+                              
           |                 +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
           |                 |                              
           |                 |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum    
           |                 +--+                           
           |                    +-- Pleurobema_taitianum    
           |                                                
           |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
           |  |                                             
           |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
           +--+  +--------------+                           
              |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
              |  |                                          
              |  |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
              +--+  |                                       
                 |  |     +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                 |  |     |                                 
                 |  |     |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                 |  |  +--+-----+                           
                 +--+  |  |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    |  |  |                                 
                    |  |  |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina        
                    |  |  +--+                              
                    |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi[1]     
                    |  |     +--+                           
                    +--+        +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                       |                                    
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[2]     
                       |        |                           
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[3]     
                       |        |                           
                       |        +-- Fusconaia_askewi[4]     
                       +--------+                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[1] 
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_lananensis[2] 
                                |                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_askewi[5]     

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 38 21 8 --
  +-------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
  |                                             
  +-------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
  |                                             
  |                 +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  +-----------------+                           
  |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  |                                             
  |              +----- Pleurobema_riddellii    
--+           +--+                              
  |           |  |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
  |           |  +--+                           
  |  +--------+     +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
  |  |        |                                 
  |  |        |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
  |  |        |  |                              
  |  |        +--+  +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
  |  |           |  |                           
  +--+           +--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum   
     |              |                           
     |              +-- Pleurobema_clava        
     |                                          
     |  +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi        
     |  |                                       
     |  |           +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli     
     +--+  +--------+                           
        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_iheringi      
        |  |                                    
        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
           |  +-----+                           
           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
           +--+                                 
              |  +----- Fusconaia_flava[2]      
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Fusconaia_flava[1]      

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 36 34 6 --
                          +-- Eurynia_dilatata     
  +-----------------------+                        
  |                       +-- Hemistena_lata **       
--+                                                
  |  +----------------------- Elliptio_producta[2] 
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------------- Elliptio_producta[1] 
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +----------------- Elliptio_spinosa     
        |  |                                       
        |  |  +-------------- Elliptio_icterina    
        +--+  |                                    
           |  |     +-------- Elliptio_roanokensis 
           |  |  +--+                              
           +--+  |  |  +----- Elliptio_complanata  
              |  |  +--+                           
              |  |     |  +-- Elliptio_crassidens  
              |  |     +--+                        
              +--+        +-- Elliptio_pullata     
                 |                                 
                 |        +-- Elliptio_congaraea   
                 |  +-----+                        
                 |  |     +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis
                 |  |                              
                 +--+     +-- Elliptio_folliculata 
                    |  +--+                        
                    |  |  +-- Elliptio_jayensis    
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca        
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Elliptio_arctata     

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 25 6 --
                    +-- Parvaspina_steinstansana
                    |                           
                    +-- Parvaspina_collina[1]   
                    |                           
  +-----------------+-- Parvaspina_collina[2]   
  |                 |                           
  |                 +-- Parvaspina_collina[3]   
  |                 |                           
  |                 +-- Parvaspina_collina[4]   
  |                                             
--+  +----------------- Elliptio_arca           
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------------- Hemistena_lata **          
  |  |                                          
  |  |              +-- Elliptio_arctata        
  |  +--------------+                           
  |  |              +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
  +--+                                          
     |  +-------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
     |  |                                       
     |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_oviforme     
     |  |  |                                    
     |  |  +----------- Pleurobema_clava        
     |  |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
        |  |                                    
        |  +----------- Pleurobema_georgianum   
        |  |                                    
        |  +----------- Pleurobema_beadleianum  
        |  |                                    
        |  +----------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum  
        +--+                                    
           +----------- Pleurobema_decisum      
           |                                    
           |     +----- Pleurobema_rubellum     
           +-----+                              
           |     |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
           |     +--+                           
           |        +-- Pleurobema_rubrum       
           |                                    
           |  +-------- Elliptio_spinosa        
           |  |                                 
           +--+  +----- Fusconaia_escambia      
              |  |                              
              |  +----- Fusconaia_flava         
              +--+                              
                 +----- Fusconaia_cerina        
                 |                              
                 |  +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 43 7 5 --
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--------+                           
  |        +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  |                                    
--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava        
  |  +-----+                           
  |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        +--+                           
           +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 7 5 --
           +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
  +--------+                           
  |        +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  |                                    
--+        +-- Pleurobema_clava        
  |  +-----+                           
  |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
        +--+                           
           +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda    

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 18 8 --
  +----------------- Parvaspina_steinstansana
  |                                          
  |              +-- Hemistena_lata **          
  +--------------+                           
  |              +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
--+                                          
  |              +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
  |  +-----------+                           
  |  |           +-- Pleurobema_clava        
  |  |                                       
  |  |  +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
  +--+  |                                    
     |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cor           
     |  +--------+                           
     |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Fusconaia_flava         
        |  |                                 
        |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
        |  |                                 
        |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
        +--+-----+                           
           |     +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
           |                                 
           |     +-- Fusconaia_iheringi      
           |  +--+                           
           |  |  +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli     
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Fusconaia_askewi        
              +--+                           
                 +-- Fusconaia_chunii        

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