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Page last updated
Fri 04 Oct 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini

genus Ptychobranchus Simpson, 1900: cladomics
     8 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 8

analyzed in 31 cladograms in 18 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5, mean = 1.13

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 1
maximum number of included terminals = 5, mean = 5.0
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1.0


Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 6 6 6 5 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

  +----------------------- Obliquaria                    
  |                                                      
  +----------------------- Lampsilis                     
--+                                                      
  |  +-------------------- Medionidus                    
  |  |                                                   
  +--+                 +-- Cyprogenia                    
     |  +--------------+                                 
     |  |              +-- Dromus                        
     +--+                                                
        |  +-------------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **      
        +--+                                             
           |  +----------- Ptychobranchus_jonesi **         
           +--+                                          
              |  +-------- Ptychobranchus_greenii **        
              +--+                                       
                 |  +----- Ptychobranchus_occidentalis__2 **
                 +--+                                    
                    |  +-- Ptychobranchus_occidentalis__1 **
                    +--+                                 
                       +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **    

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 55 47 22 --

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                                   +-- Cyrtonaias                
  +--------------------------------+                             
  |                                +-- Glebula                   
  |                                                              
--+  +-------------------------------- Paetulunio                
  |  |                                                           
  |  |                             +-- Obliquaria                
  +--+  +--------------------------+                             
     |  |                          +-- Toxolasma                 
     |  |                                                        
     |  |  +-------------------------- Sagittunio                
     +--+  |                                                     
        |  |              +----------- Potamilus                 
        |  |              |                                      
        |  |  +-----------+        +-- Medionidus_conradicus     
        |  |  |           |  +-----+                             
        +--+  |           |  |     +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
           |  |           +--+                                   
           |  |              |  +----- Medionidus_acutissimus    
           |  |              |  |                                
           |  |              +--+----- Lemiox                    
           |  |                 |                                
           |  |                 |  +-- Dromus                    
           +--+                 +--+                             
              |                    +-- Cyprogenia                
              |                                                  
              |                 +----- Lampsilis_teres           
              |  +--------------+                                
              |  |              |  +-- Truncilla                 
              |  |              +--+                             
              |  |                 +-- Ellipsaria                
              |  |                                               
              +--+  +----------------- Leaunio                   
                 |  |                                            
                 |  |     +----------- Hamiota                   
                 |  |     |                                      
                 |  |  +--+        +-- Lampsilis_fasciola        
                 +--+  |  |  +-----+                             
                    |  |  |  |     +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa     
                    |  |  +--+                                   
                    |  |     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata          
                    |  |     +--+                                
                    |  |        |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata           
                    +--+        +--+                             
                       |           +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
                       |                                         
                       |        +----- Venustaconcha             
                       |  +-----+                                
                       |  |     |  +-- Obovaria                  
                       |  |     +--+                             
                       +--+        +-- Epioblasma                
                          |                                      
                          |  +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
                          +--+                                   
                             |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
                             +--+                                
                                |  +-- Cambarunio                
                                +--+                             
                                   +-- Ligumia                   

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 10 7 --
           +----- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
  +--------+                              
  |        |  +-- Potamilus_fragilis      
  |        +--+                           
  |           +-- Medionidus              
--+                                       
  |           +-- Villosa                 
  |  +--------+                           
  |  |        +-- Ellipsaria              
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres         
     +--+                                 
        |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
        +--+                              
           |  +-- Potamilus_purpuratus    
           +--+                           
              +-- Potamilus_alatus        

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 26 8 6 --
  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis      
  |                                       
--+  +----------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +-------- Medionidus              
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +----- Potamilus_purpuratus    
        |  |                              
        +--+----- Lampsilis               
           |                              
           |  +-- Ellipsaria              
           +--+                           
              +-- Villosa                 

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 25 11 10 --
  +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
--+                             
  +-- Truncilla                 

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 101 42 22 --
           +----- Obliquaria                    
  +--------+                                    
  |        |  +-- Cyrtonaias                    
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Glebula                       
  |                                             
  |  +----------- Sagittunio                    
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Leaunio                       
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Potamilus                     
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Hamiota                       
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +-- Ellipsaria                    
--+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        +-- Truncilla                     
  |  |                                          
  |  |     +----- Lampsilis_teres               
  |  +-----+                                    
  |  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
  |  |                                          
  |  |     +----- Villosa                       
  |  +-----+                                    
  |  |     |  +-- Ligumia                       
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        +-- Cambarunio                    
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
     +--+                                       
     |  |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
     |  +--+                                    
     |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
     |     +--+                                 
     |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
     |                                          
     |  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria             
     |  |                                       
     |  +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
     +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Epioblasma                    
     |  |                                       
     |  |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
     |  +--+                                    
     |     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
     |     +--+                                 
     |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
     |                                          
     |        +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **    
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +----- Medionidus_conradicus         
        |  |                                    
        |  |  +-- Lemiox                        
        +--+--+                                 
           |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
           |                                    
           |  +-- Dromus                        
           +--+                                 
              +-- Cyprogenia                    

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 101 42 22 --
                       +-------- Toxolasma                     
  +--------------------+                                       
  |                    |  +----- Obliquaria                    
  |                    +--+                                    
  |                       |  +-- Cyrtonaias                    
  |                       +--+                                 
  |                          +-- Glebula                       
  |                                                            
  |              +-------------- Potamilus                     
  |              |                                             
  |              |     +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus        
--+              |  +--+                                       
  |  +-----------+  |  |  +----- Lemiox                        
  |  |           |  |  +--+                                    
  |  |           |  |     |  +-- Dromus                        
  |  |           |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |           +--+        +-- Cyprogenia                    
  |  |              |                                          
  |  |              |        +-- Sagittunio                    
  |  |              |     +--+                                 
  |  |              |     |  +-- Medionidus_conradicus         
  +--+              +-----+                                    
     |                    |  +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **    
     |                    +--+                                 
     |                       +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
     |                                                         
     |                       +-- Ellipsaria                    
     |  +--------------------+                                 
     |  |                    +-- Truncilla                     
     |  |                                                      
     |  |  +-------------------- Villosa                       
     +--+  |                                                   
        |  |                 +-- Obovaria_olivaria             
        |  |        +--------+                                 
        |  |        |        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
        |  |  +-----+                                          
        +--+  |     |  +-------- Epioblasma                    
           |  |     +--+                                       
           |  |        |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
           |  |        +--+                                    
           |  |           |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
           |  |           +--+                                 
           |  |              +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
           +--+                                                
              |        +-------- Hamiota                       
              |        |                                       
              |  +-----+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
              |  |     |  +--+                                 
              |  |     |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
              |  |     +--+                                    
              |  |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
              +--+        +--+                                 
                 |           +-- Lampsilis_ornata              
                 |                                             
                 |           +-- Ligumia                       
                 |  +--------+                                 
                 |  |        +-- Cambarunio                    
                 +--+                                          
                    |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres               
                    +--+                                       
                       |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                       +--+                                    
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                          +--+                                 
                             +-- Leaunio                       

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 11 10 --
  +-- Truncilla                 
--+                             
  +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 10 9 --
-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 195 13 11 --
  +-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon      
  |                                             
--+  +----------------- Potamilus_alatus        
  |  |                                          
  |  |              +-- Medionidus              
  +--+  +-----------+                           
     |  |           +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
     |  |                                       
     +--+           +-- Ellipsaria              
        |  +--------+                           
        |  |        +-- Truncilla               
        +--+                                    
           |  +-------- Leaunio                 
           |  |                                 
           +--+     +-- Venustaconcha           
              |  +--+                           
              |  |  +-- Cambarunio              
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Ortmanniana             
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Lampsilis               

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 6 6 --
  +----- Truncilla                 
  |                                
  +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
--+                                
  |  +-- Ortmanniana               
  |  |                             
  |  +-- Cambarunio                
  +--+                             
     +-- Ligumia                   
     |                             
     +-- Epioblasma                

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 197 13 11 --
  +----- Ellipsaria              
  |                              
  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
  |                              
  +----- Medionidus              
  |                              
  +----- Potamilus_alatus        
  |                              
  +----- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
--+                              
  +----- Truncilla               
  |                              
  +----- Venustaconcha           
  |                              
  +----- Cambarunio              
  |                              
  +----- Leaunio                 
  |                              
  |  +-- Ortmanniana             
  +--+                           
     +-- Lampsilis               

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 197 13 11 --
  +-------------- Potamilus_leptodon      
  |                                       
  |  +----------- Potamilus_alatus        
--+  |                                    
  |  |  +-------- Venustaconcha           
  |  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Leaunio                 
     |  |                                 
     |  |     +-- Ellipsaria              
     |  +-----+                           
     +--+     +-- Truncilla               
        |                                 
        |     +-- Medionidus              
        +-----+                           
        |     +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
        |                                 
        |  +----- Cambarunio              
        +--+                              
           |  +-- Ortmanniana             
           +--+                           
              +-- Lampsilis               

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 7 6 --
  +-- Villosa                 
  |                           
  +-- Ellipsaria              
  |                           
--+-- Lampsilis               
  |                           
  +-- Potamilus               
  |                           
  +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 7 7 --
  +-------------- Obliquaria                
  |                                         
  +-------------- Truncilla                 
--+                                         
  +-------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  |                                         
  |  +----------- Ligumia                   
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------- Cambarunio                
     +--+                                   
        |  +----- Epioblasma                
        +--+                                
           |  +-- Lampsilis                 
           +--+                             
              +-- Ortmanniana               

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 7 6 --
  +----------------- Medionidus              
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis      
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus    
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Lampsilis               
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Villosa                 
              +--+                           
                 +-- Ellipsaria              

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 7 7 --
  +-- Cambarunio                
--+                             
  +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 35 19 --
  +----------------------- Obliquaria                
  |                                                  
  |                    +-- Medionidus                
  |                 +--+                             
  |                 |  +-- Lemiox                    
--+  +--------------+                                
  |  |              |  +-- Cyprogenia                
  |  |              +--+                             
  |  |                 +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  |  |                                               
  +--+           +-------- Potamilus                 
     |  +--------+                                   
     |  |        |  +----- Atlanticoncha             
     |  |        +--+                                
     |  |           |  +-- Ellipsaria                
     |  |           +--+                             
     +--+              +-- Truncilla                 
        |                                            
        |              +-- Hamiota                   
        |  +-----------+                             
        |  |           +-- Villosa                   
        |  |                                         
        +--+  +----------- Ligumia                   
           |  |                                      
           |  |     +----- Venustaconcha             
           +--+  +--+                                
              |  |  |  +-- Obovaria                  
              |  |  +--+                             
              +--+     +-- Epioblasma                
                 |                                   
                 |  +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa     
                 +--+                                
                    |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
                    +--+                             
                       +-- Lampsilis                 

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 11 8 --
  +----------- Ligumia                   
  |                                      
  +----------- Truncilla                 
  |                                      
  |        +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  +--------+                             
--+        +-- Sagittunio                
  |                                      
  |        +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
  |  +-----+                             
  |  |     +-- Epioblasma                
  |  |                                   
  +--+  +----- Ortmanniana               
     |  |                                
     |  +----- Cambarunio                
     +--+                                
        +----- Leaunio                   
        |                                
        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
        +--+                             
           +-- Lampsilis_fasciola        

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 7 7 --
  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
--+                                            
  |  +-------------- Truncilla                 
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana               
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------- Lampsilis                 
        +--+                                   
           |  +----- Cambarunio                
           +--+                                
              |  +-- Ligumia                   
              +--+                             
                 +-- Epioblasma                

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 6 4 --
  +----------------------- Obliquaria                
  |                                                  
  +----------------------- Lampsilis                 
--+                                                  
  |  +-------------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  |  |                                               
  +--+                 +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__6      
     |  +--------------+                             
     |  |              +-- Dromus                    
     +--+                                            
        |  +-------------- Cyprogenia_aberti__5      
        |  |                                         
        +--+  +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4      
           |  |                                      
           +--+  +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3      
              |  |                                   
              +--+  +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2    
                 |  |                                
                 +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2      
                    |                                
                    |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1    
                    +--+                             
                       +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1      

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 47 22 --
                                      +-- Paetulunio                
  +-----------------------------------+                             
  |                                   +-- Toxolasma                 
  |                                                                 
  |                                +----- Obliquaria                
  |  +-----------------------------+                                
--+  |                             |  +-- Glebula                   
  |  |                             +--+                             
  |  |                                +-- Cyrtonaias                
  |  |                                                              
  |  |                             +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  |  |                          +--+                                
  +--+                          |  |  +-- Dromus                    
     |                          |  +--+                             
     |  +-----------------------+     +-- Cyprogenia                
     |  |                       |                                   
     |  |                       |  +----- Medionidus_conradicus     
     |  |                       +--+                                
     |  |                          |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus    
     |  |                          +--+                             
     +--+                             +-- Lemiox                    
        |                                                           
        |  +----------------------------- Sagittunio                
        |  |                                                        
        |  +----------------------------- Potamilus                 
        |  |                                                        
        |  |                          +-- Truncilla                 
        +--+  +-----------------------+                             
           |  |                       +-- Ellipsaria                
           |  |                                                     
           |  |                       +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa     
           |  |                 +-----+                             
           |  |                 |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola        
           +--+  +--------------+                                   
              |  |              |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata          
              |  |              +--+                                
              |  |                 |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata           
              |  |                 +--+                             
              |  |                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
              +--+                                                  
                 |                    +-- Ligumia                   
                 |                 +--+                             
                 |                 |  +-- Cambarunio                
                 |  +--------------+                                
                 |  |              |  +-- Lampsilis_teres           
                 |  |              +--+                             
                 +--+                 +-- Hamiota                   
                    |                                               
                    |  +----------------- Leaunio                   
                    |  |                                            
                    +--+  +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
                       |  |                                         
                       +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
                          |  |                                      
                          +--+  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria         
                             |  |                                   
                             |  +-------- Venustaconcha             
                             +--+                                   
                                +-------- Epioblasma                
                                |                                   
                                |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor         
                                +--+                                
                                   |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda       
                                   +--+                             
                                      +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis    

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 7 7 --
  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
--+                                            
  |  +-------------- Truncilla                 
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana               
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------- Lampsilis                 
        +--+                                   
           |  +----- Cambarunio                
           +--+                                
              |  +-- Ligumia                   
              +--+                             
                 +-- Epioblasma                

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 6 4 --
  +-------------------------- Lampsilis                 
  |                                                     
--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria                
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +-------------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
     |  |                                               
     +--+                 +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__6      
        |  +--------------+                             
        |  |              +-- Dromus                    
        +--+                                            
           |  +-------------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4      
           |  |                                         
           +--+  +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3      
              |  |                                      
              +--+  +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__5      
                 |  |                                   
                 +--+  +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2    
                    |  |                                
                    +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2      
                       |                                
                       |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1    
                       +--+                             
                          +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1      

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 11 8 --
  +-------------------- Truncilla                 
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Ligumia                   
  |  |                                            
  |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  +--+  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Sagittunio                
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
        |  |                                      
        |  |     +----- Ortmanniana               
        +--+  +--+                                
           |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium         
           |  |  +--+                             
           +--+     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola        
              |                                   
              |  +----- Epioblasma                
              +--+                                
                 |  +-- Cambarunio                
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Leaunio                   

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 6 4 --
  +-------------------- Obliquaria                
  |                                               
  +-------------------- Lampsilis                 
--+                                               
  |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__5      
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Dromus                    
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4      
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3      
           |  |                                   
           +--+  +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2    
              |  |                                
              +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2      
                 |                                
                 |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1    
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1      

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 8 6 --
  +-------------------- Obliquaria              
--+                                             
  |  +----------------- Medionidus              
  +--+                                          
     |  +-------------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
     +--+                                       
        |  +----------- Potamilus_fragilis      
        +--+                                    
           |  +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus    
           +--+                                 
              |  +----- Ellipsaria              
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Villosa                 
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Lampsilis               

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 6 4 --
  +-------------- Obliquaria                
  |                                         
  |           +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  +-----------+                             
--+           +-- Lampsilis                 
  |                                         
  |           +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__6      
  |  +--------+                             
  |  |        +-- Dromus                    
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__5      
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----- Cyprogenia_aberti__4      
        |  |                                
        |  |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1    
        +--+  |                             
           |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2    
           |  |                             
           +--+-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1      
              |                             
              +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2      
              |                             
              +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__3      

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 12 10 --
  +-------------------------- Toxolasma                 
  |                                                     
--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria                
  |  |                                                  
  |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias                
  +--+  +-----------------+                             
     |  |                 +-- Glebula                   
     |  |                                               
     +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
        |  +--------------+                             
        |  |              +-- Lemiox                    
        |  |                                            
        +--+              +-- Venustaconcha             
           |  +-----------+                             
           |  |           +-- Obovaria                  
           +--+                                         
              |  +----------- Hamiota                   
              +--+                                      
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata           
                 +--+                                   
                    |  +----- Ortmanniana               
                    +--+                                
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea       
                       +--+                             
                          +-- Lampsilis_hydiana         

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 12 10 --
  +-------------------------- Toxolasma                 
  |                                                     
--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria                
  |  |                                                  
  |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias                
  +--+  +-----------------+                             
     |  |                 +-- Glebula                   
     |  |                                               
     +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
        |  +--------------+                             
        |  |              +-- Lemiox                    
        |  |                                            
        +--+              +-- Venustaconcha             
           |  +-----------+                             
           |  |           +-- Obovaria                  
           +--+                                         
              |  +----------- Hamiota                   
              +--+                                      
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata           
                 +--+                                   
                    |  +----- Ortmanniana               
                    +--+                                
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea       
                       +--+                             
                          +-- Lampsilis_hydiana         

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 6 6 4 --
  +-------------------- Obliquaria                
  |                                               
  +-------------------- Lampsilis                 
--+                                               
  |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
  |  |                                            
  +--+              +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__5      
     |  +-----------+                             
     |  |           +-- Dromus                    
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4      
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3      
           |  |                                   
           +--+  +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2    
              |  |                                
              +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2      
                 |                                
                 |  +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1    
                 +--+                             
                    +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1      

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