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Page last updated
Wed 04 Dec 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini

genus Epioblasma Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics
     29 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 29

analyzed in 35 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7, mean = 2.2

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 13
maximum number of included terminals = 7, mean = 4.23
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1.0


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 7 3 3 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

  +-------------- Lampsilis                 
  |                                         
  |           +-- Cambarunio                
  +-----------+                             
--+           +-- Villosa                   
  |                                         
  |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **      
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **      
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__3 **
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 **
           |  |                             
           |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 **
           +--+                             
              +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **     
              |                             
              +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **     

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 51 43 22 4.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                                            +-- Cyrtonaias             
  +-----------------------------------------+                          
  |                                         +-- Glebula                
  |                                                                    
--+  +----------------------------------------- Paetulunio             
  |  |                                                                 
  |  |                                      +-- Obliquaria             
  +--+  +-----------------------------------+                          
     |  |                                   +-- Toxolasma              
     |  |                                                              
     |  |  +----------------------------------- Sagittunio             
     +--+  |                                                           
        |  |                       +----------- Potamilus              
        |  |                       |                                   
        |  |  +--------------------+        +-- Medionidus_conradicus  
        |  |  |                    |  +-----+                          
        +--+  |                    |  |     +-- Ptychobranchus         
           |  |                    +--+                                
           |  |                       |  +----- Medionidus_acutissimus 
           |  |                       |  |                             
           |  |                       +--+----- Lemiox                 
           |  |                          |                             
           |  |                          |  +-- Dromus                 
           +--+                          +--+                          
              |                             +-- Cyprogenia             
              |                                                        
              |                          +----- Lampsilis_teres        
              |  +-----------------------+                             
              |  |                       |  +-- Truncilla              
              |  |                       +--+                          
              |  |                          +-- Ellipsaria             
              |  |                                                     
              +--+  +-------------------------- Leaunio                
                 |  |                                                  
                 |  |              +----------- Hamiota                
                 |  |              |                                   
                 |  |  +-----------+        +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     
                 +--+  |           |  +-----+                          
                    |  |           |  |     +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
                    |  |           +--+                                
                    |  |              |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata       
                    |  |              +--+                             
                    |  |                 |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
                    +--+                 +--+                          
                       |                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                       |                                               
                       |              +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                       |  +-----------+                                
                       |  |           |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                       |  |           +--+                             
                       |  |              |  +-- Cambarunio             
                       +--+              +--+                          
                          |                 +-- Ligumia                
                          |                                            
                          |  +----------------- Venustaconcha          
                          +--+                                         
                             |  +-------------- Obovaria               
                             +--+                                      
                                |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
                                +--+                                   
                                   |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
                                   +--+                                
                                      |  +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
                                      +--+                             
                                         |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **     
                                         +--+                          
                                            +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 1 7 0 0 0 6.0
  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  |                             
  +----- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
  |                             
--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
  |  |                          
  |  +-- Epioblasma_aureola **     
  |  |                          
  +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri **     
     |                          
     +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
     |                          
     +-- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **   

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 7 0 0 0 7.0
              +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  +-----------+                          
  |           +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
--+                                      
  |  +----------- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **   
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Epioblasma_aureola **     
           +--+                          
              +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **     

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 6 0 0 0 6.0
           +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **      
  +--------+                             
  |        +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **      
--+                                      
  |  +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 **
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 **
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **        
        +--+                             
           +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **       

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 52 43 22 4.0
                                            +-- Paetulunio             
  +-----------------------------------------+                          
  |                                         +-- Toxolasma              
  |                                                                    
  |                                      +----- Obliquaria             
  |  +-----------------------------------+                             
--+  |                                   |  +-- Glebula                
  |  |                                   +--+                          
  |  |                                      +-- Cyrtonaias             
  |  |                                                                 
  |  |                                   +----- Ptychobranchus         
  |  |                                +--+                             
  +--+                                |  |  +-- Dromus                 
     |                                |  +--+                          
     |  +-----------------------------+     +-- Cyprogenia             
     |  |                             |                                
     |  |                             |  +----- Medionidus_conradicus  
     |  |                             +--+                             
     |  |                                |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus 
     |  |                                +--+                          
     +--+                                   +-- Lemiox                 
        |                                                              
        |  +----------------------------------- Sagittunio             
        |  |                                                           
        |  +----------------------------------- Potamilus              
        |  |                                                           
        |  |                                +-- Truncilla              
        +--+  +-----------------------------+                          
           |  |                             +-- Ellipsaria             
           |  |                                                        
           |  |                             +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
           |  |                       +-----+                          
           |  |                       |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     
           +--+  +--------------------+                                
              |  |                    |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata       
              |  |                    +--+                             
              |  |                       |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
              |  |                       +--+                          
              |  |                          +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
              +--+                                                     
                 |                          +-- Ligumia                
                 |                       +--+                          
                 |                       |  +-- Cambarunio             
                 |  +--------------------+                             
                 |  |                    |  +-- Lampsilis_teres        
                 |  |                    +--+                          
                 +--+                       +-- Hamiota                
                    |                                                  
                    |  +----------------------- Leaunio                
                    |  |                                               
                    +--+  +-------------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                       |  |                                            
                       +--+  +----------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                          |  |                                         
                          |  |  +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria      
                          +--+  |                                      
                             |  +-------------- Venustaconcha          
                             |  |                                      
                             |  |        +----- Obovaria_unicolor      
                             +--+--------+                             
                                |        |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda    
                                |        +--+                          
                                |           +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis 
                                |                                      
                                |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
                                +--+                                   
                                   |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
                                   +--+                                
                                      |  +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
                                      +--+                             
                                         |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **     
                                         +--+                          
                                            +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 7 3 3 3 3.0
  +-------- Lampsilis                 
  |                                   
  |     +-- Cambarunio                
  +-----+                             
  |     +-- Villosa                   
--+                                   
  |  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **      
  |  |                                
  |  +----- Epioblasma_brevidens **      
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__1 **
     |  |                             
     |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__2 **
     |  |                             
     +--+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis__3 **
        |                             
        +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **     
        |                             
        +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **     

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 5 1 1 1 3.0
  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
  |                                    
  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Epioblasma_brevidens **    
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **    
     |  |                              
     +--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** 
        |  |                           
        +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **   
           |                           
           +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **   

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 5 98 39 22 5.0
              +----- Obliquaria                    
  +-----------+                                    
  |           |  +-- Cyrtonaias                    
  |           +--+                                 
  |              +-- Glebula                       
  |                                                
  |  +-------------- Sagittunio                    
  |  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Leaunio                       
  |  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Potamilus                     
  |  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Hamiota                       
  |  |                                             
  |  |           +-- Ellipsaria                    
  |  +-----------+                                 
--+  |           +-- Truncilla                     
  |  |                                             
  |  |        +----- Lampsilis_teres               
  |  +--------+                                    
  |  |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
  |  |        +--+                                 
  |  |           +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
  |  |                                             
  |  |        +----- Villosa                       
  |  +--------+                                    
  |  |        |  +-- Ligumia                       
  |  |        +--+                                 
  |  |           +-- Cambarunio                    
  |  |                                             
  |  |     +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
  |  +-----+                                       
  +--+     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
     |     +--+                                    
     |        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
     |        +--+                                 
     |           +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
     |                                             
     |           +-- Ptychobranchus                
     |     +-----+                                 
     |     |     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
     |     |                                       
     +-----+  +----- Medionidus_conradicus         
     |     |  |                                    
     |     |  |  +-- Lemiox                        
     |     +--+--+                                 
     |        |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
     |        |                                    
     |        |  +-- Dromus                        
     |        +--+                                 
     |           +-- Cyprogenia                    
     |                                             
     |  +----------- Obovaria_olivaria             
     |  |                                          
     |  +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
     |  |                                          
     |  |     +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
     |  +-----+                                    
     +--+     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
        |     +--+                                 
        |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
        |                                          
        |        +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **          
        |  +-----+                                 
        |  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **          
        +--+                                       
           |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **         
           +--+                                    
              |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **         
              +--+                                 
                 +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **       

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 5 98 39 22 3.0
                          +-------- Toxolasma                     
  +-----------------------+                                       
  |                       |  +----- Obliquaria                    
  |                       +--+                                    
  |                          |  +-- Cyrtonaias                    
  |                          +--+                                 
  |                             +-- Glebula                       
  |                                                               
  |                 +-------------- Potamilus                     
  |                 |                                             
  |                 |     +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus        
--+                 |  +--+                                       
  |  +--------------+  |  |  +----- Lemiox                        
  |  |              |  |  +--+                                    
  |  |              |  |     |  +-- Dromus                        
  |  |              |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |              +--+        +-- Cyprogenia                    
  |  |                 |                                          
  |  |                 |        +-- Sagittunio                    
  |  |                 |     +--+                                 
  |  |                 |     |  +-- Medionidus_conradicus         
  |  |                 +-----+                                    
  +--+                       |  +-- Ptychobranchus                
     |                       +--+                                 
     |                          +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
     |                                                            
     |                          +-- Ellipsaria                    
     |  +-----------------------+                                 
     |  |                       +-- Truncilla                     
     |  |                                                         
     |  |  +----------------------- Villosa                       
     |  |  |                                                      
     +--+  |                    +-- Obovaria_olivaria             
        |  |     +--------------+                                 
        |  |     |              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
        |  |     |                                                
        |  |  +--+           +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
        |  |  |  |  +--------+                                    
        +--+  |  |  |        |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
           |  |  |  |        +--+                                 
           |  |  +--+           +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
           |  |     |                                             
           |  |     |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **          
           |  |     +--+                                          
           |  |        |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **          
           |  |        +--+                                       
           |  |           |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri__2 **         
           +--+           +--+                                    
              |              |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **       
              |              +--+                                 
              |                 +-- Epioblasma_walkeri__1 **         
              |                                                   
              |           +-------- Hamiota                       
              |           |                                       
              |     +-----+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
              |     |     |  +--+                                 
              |     |     |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
              |     |     +--+                                    
              |     |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
              +-----+        +--+                                 
                    |           +-- Lampsilis_ornata              
                    |                                             
                    |           +-- Ligumia                       
                    |  +--------+                                 
                    |  |        +-- Cambarunio                    
                    +--+                                          
                       |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres               
                       +--+                                       
                          |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                          +--+                                    
                             |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                             +--+                                 
                                +-- Leaunio                       

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 28 10 8 --
  +----------- Ligumia              
  |                                 
  +----------- Truncilla            
  |                                 
  |        +-- Ptychobranchus       
  +--------+                        
--+        +-- Sagittunio           
  |                                 
  |     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
  |  +--+                           
  |  |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** 
  |  |  +--+                        
  |  |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens ** 
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Ortmanniana          
     |  |                           
     |  +----- Cambarunio           
     +--+                           
        +----- Leaunio              
        |                           
        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
        +--+                        
           +-- Lampsilis_fasciola   

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 28 10 8 --
  +-------------------- Truncilla            
  |                                          
--+  +----------------- Ligumia              
  |  |                                       
  |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus       
  +--+  +-----------+                        
     |  |           +-- Sagittunio           
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
        |  |                                 
        |  |     +----- Ortmanniana          
        +--+  +--+                           
           |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
           |  |  +--+                        
           |  |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola   
           +--+                              
              |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens ** 
              |  +--+                        
              |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** 
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Cambarunio           
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Leaunio              

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 15 14 9 --
        +-------- Lemiox                 
  +-----+                                
  |     |  +----- Medionidus             
  |     +--+                             
  |        |  +-- Dromus                 
  |        +--+                          
--+           +-- Cyprogenia             
  |                                      
  |  +----------- Potamilus              
  |  |                                   
  |  |     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
  |  |  +--+                             
  +--+  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_higginsii    
     |  |  +--+                          
     |  |     +-- Ortmanniana            
     |  |                                
     |  |  +----- Lampsilis_fasciola     
     +--+--+                             
        |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
        |  +--+                          
        |     +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
        |                                
        |  +----- Cambarunio             
        |  |                             
        +--+----- Ligumia                
           |                             
           |  +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
           +--+                          
              +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 6 1 --
  +-------------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
  |                                          
  |  +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola   
--+  |                                       
  |  |              +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **  
  |  +--------------+                        
  +--+              +-- Lampsilis_radiata    
     |                                       
     |  +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata     
     |  |                                    
     +--+           +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 
        |  +--------+                        
        |  |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium__6 
           |  |                              
           +--+  +----- Lampsilis_cardium__5 
              |  |                           
              +--+  +-- Lampsilis_cardium__2 
                 |  |                        
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata__2   
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium__3 
                    |                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium__4 

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 35 19 --
  +----------------------- Obliquaria             
  |                                               
  |                    +-- Medionidus             
  |                 +--+                          
  |                 |  +-- Lemiox                 
--+  +--------------+                             
  |  |              |  +-- Cyprogenia             
  |  |              +--+                          
  |  |                 +-- Ptychobranchus         
  |  |                                            
  +--+           +-------- Potamilus              
     |  +--------+                                
     |  |        |  +----- Atlanticoncha          
     |  |        +--+                             
     |  |           |  +-- Ellipsaria             
     |  |           +--+                          
     +--+              +-- Truncilla              
        |                                         
        |              +-- Hamiota                
        |  +-----------+                          
        |  |           +-- Villosa                
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +----------- Ligumia                
           |  |                                   
           |  |     +----- Venustaconcha          
           +--+  +--+                             
              |  |  |  +-- Obovaria               
              |  |  +--+                          
              +--+     +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
                 |                                
                 |  +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Lampsilis              

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 17 2 2 --
  +----- Lampsilis          
--+                         
  |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **
  +--+                      
     +-- Venustaconcha      

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 7 7 --
  +----------------- Ptychobranchus      
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Truncilla           
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana         
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Lampsilis           
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cambarunio          
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Ligumia             
              +--+                       
                 +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 2 --
  +----- Lampsilis          
--+                         
  |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **
  +--+                      
     +-- Venustaconcha      

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 7 7 --
  +----------------- Ptychobranchus      
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Truncilla           
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana         
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Lampsilis           
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cambarunio          
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Ligumia             
              +--+                       
                 +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 4 2 --
  +-- Paetulunio             
  |                          
--+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
  |                          
  +-- Venustaconcha          

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 15 9 --
  +----------------- Potamilus            
  |                                       
  |              +-- Ellipsaria           
--+  +-----------+                        
  |  |           +-- Truncilla            
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_cardium    
     |  |                                 
     |  |     +----- Ligumia              
     |  +-----+                           
     +--+     |  +-- Obovaria             
        |     +--+                        
        |        +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** 
        |                                 
        |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Ortmanniana          
              +--+                        
                 +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 6 6 --
  +----- Truncilla           
  |                          
  +----- Ptychobranchus      
--+                          
  |  +-- Ortmanniana         
  |  |                       
  |  +-- Cambarunio          
  +--+                       
     +-- Ligumia             
     |                       
     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 15 9 --
  +----------- Toxolasma            
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Obliquaria           
--+  |                              
  |  |  +----- Obovaria             
  |  |  |                           
  |  |  +----- Lampsilis_cardium    
  +--+  |                           
     |  +----- Potamilus            
     |  |                           
     |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** 
     |  +--+                        
     |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Ortmanniana          
        +--+                        
        |  +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  
        |                           
        |  +-- Ligumia              
        +--+                        
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres      
        |                           
        |  +-- Ellipsaria           
        +--+                        
           +-- Truncilla            

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 103 10 7 --
-- Epioblasma_rangiana

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 7 7 --
  +----------- Truncilla           
  |                                
--+        +-- Lampsilis           
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Ligumia             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Obliquaria          
        +--+                       
           +-- Ortmanniana         

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 14 9 --
  +----------------------- Ellipsaria           
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Truncilla            
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Obliquaria           
     |  |                                       
     |  |  +-------------- Potamilus            
     +--+  |                                    
        |  |        +----- Lampsilis_ornata     
        |  |  +-----+                           
        |  |  |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
        +--+  |     +--+                        
           |  |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata      
           |  |                                 
           |  |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
           |  +--+                              
           +--+  |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
              |  +--+                           
              |     |  +-- Ortmanniana          
              |     +--+                        
              |        +-- Lampsilis_higginsii  
              |                                 
              |     +----- Hamiota              
              |     |                           
              +-----+  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra ** 
                    |  |                        
                    +--+-- Cambarunio           
                       |                        
                       +-- Ligumia              

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 25 11 10 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 10 9 --
  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
--+                       
  +-- Truncilla           

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 72 14 10 --
  +-------------- Potamilus_alatus      
  |                                     
  +-------------- Potamilus_capax       
  |                                     
  +-------------- Glebula               
  |                                     
  |           +-- Toxolasma             
  +-----------+                         
--+           +-- Paetulunio            
  |                                     
  |           +-- Dromus                
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Lemiox                
  |                                     
  |           +-- Lampsilis_ovata       
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Obliquaria            
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Lampsilis_virescens   
     |  |                               
     +--+     +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **   
        |  +--+                         
        |  |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Obovaria_olivaria     
           +--+                         
              +-- Venustaconcha         

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 72 14 10 --
  +----------------- Obliquaria            
  |                                        
  |           +----- Potamilus             
--+  +--------+                            
  |  |        |  +-- Dromus                
  |  |        +--+                         
  +--+           +-- Lemiox                
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Lampsilis_ovata       
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Lampsilis_virescens   
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **   
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Obovaria_olivaria     
              +--+                         
                 +-- Venustaconcha         

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 11 10 --
        +-- Lampsilis           
  +-----+                       
  |     +-- Ortmanniana         
--+                             
  |  +----- Cambarunio          
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
     +--+                       
        +-- Ligumia             

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 25 17 --
  +----------------- Toxolasma            
  |                                       
  |  +-------------- Potamilus            
  |  |                                    
  |  |           +-- Ellipsaria           
  |  +-----------+                        
--+  |           +-- Truncilla            
  |  |                                    
  |  |        +----- Medionidus           
  |  +--------+                           
  |  |        |  +-- Lemiox               
  |  |        +--+                        
  +--+           +-- Dromus               
     |                                    
     |  +----------- Cambarunio           
     |  |                                 
     |  +----------- Leaunio              
     |  |                                 
     |  +----------- Villosa              
     |  |                                 
     |  |        +-- Sagittunio           
     |  +--------+                        
     +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ovata      
        |                                 
        |     +----- Venustaconcha        
        +-----+                           
        |     |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **  
        |     +--+                        
        |        +-- Obovaria             
        |                                 
        |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
              +--+                        
                 +-- Lampsilis_straminea  

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 7 7 --
  +-------------- Obliquaria          
  |                                   
  +-------------- Truncilla           
--+                                   
  +-------------- Ptychobranchus      
  |                                   
  |  +----------- Ligumia             
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Cambarunio          
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Lampsilis           
           +--+                       
              +-- Ortmanniana         

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Page updated: 14:56:20 Wed 04 Dec 2024

 
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