MUSSELp
 
MUSSELpdb
 
 
Taxonomy
 
 
Geography
 
 
 

Page last updated
Thu 04 Apr 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini

genus Epioblasma Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics
     29 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 29

analyzed in 35 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7, mean = 2.49

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 13
maximum number of included terminals = 7, mean = 5.0
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1.0


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 7 3 3 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

  +-------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
  |                                         
  |           +-- Cambarunio_taeniatus      
  +-----------+                             
--+           +-- Villosa_villosa           
  |                                         
  |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **      
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **      
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[3] **
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[1] **
           |  |                             
           |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[2] **
           +--+                             
              +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[1] **     
              |                             
              +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[2] **     

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 112 44 22 3.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                 +-- Obovaria_olivaria             
  +--------------+                                 
  |              +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[1]
  |                                                
--+           +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
  |  +--------+                                    
  |  |        |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
  |  |        +--+                                 
  +--+           +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
     |                                             
     |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **          
     +--+                                          
        |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **          
        +--+                                       
           |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri[2] **         
           +--+                                    
              |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **       
              +--+                                 
                 +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[1] **         

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 7 0 0 0 7.0
              +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  +-----------+                          
  |           +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
--+                                      
  |  +----------- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **   
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Epioblasma_aureola **     
           +--+                          
              +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **     

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 1 7 0 0 0 6.0
  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  |                             
  +----- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
  |                             
--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **
  |  |                          
  |  +-- Epioblasma_aureola **     
  |  |                          
  +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri **     
     |                          
     +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **    
     |                          
     +-- Epioblasma_ahlstedti **   

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 1 7 3 3 3 3.0
  +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea     
  |                                   
  |     +-- Cambarunio_taeniatus      
  +-----+                             
  |     +-- Villosa_villosa           
--+                                   
  |  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **      
  |  |                                
  |  +----- Epioblasma_brevidens **      
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[1] **
     |  |                             
     |  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[2] **
     |  |                             
     +--+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[3] **
        |                             
        +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[1] **     
        |                             
        +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[2] **     

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 6 0 0 0 6.0
           +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **      
  +--------+                             
  |        +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **      
--+                                      
  |  +-------- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[2] **
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis[1] **
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **        
        +--+                             
           +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **       

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 110 44 22 5.0
  +-------------- Sagittunio_nasutus            
  |                                             
  +-------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis          
  |                                             
  |           +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata          
  +-----------+                                 
  |           +-- Truncilla_truncata            
  |                                             
  |        +----- Lampsilis_teres               
  +--------+                                    
  |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
  |                                             
  |        +----- Villosa_villosa               
  +--------+                                    
  |        |  +-- Ligumia_recta                 
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Cambarunio_iris               
  |                                             
  |     +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
  +-----+                                       
  |     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
  |     +--+                                    
  |        |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
  |                                             
  |           +-- Potamilus_fragilis            
  |        +--+                                 
  |        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon            
  +--------+                                    
  |        |  +-- Potamilus_alatus              
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Potamilus_purpuratus          
  |                                             
  |           +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris    
--+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[1]
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +-------- Medionidus_conradicus         
  |  |  |                                       
  |  |  |     +-- Lemiox_rimosus                
  |  +--+-----+                                 
  |     |     +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
  |     |                                       
  |     |  +----- Dromus_dromas                 
  |     +--+                                    
  |        |  +-- Cyprogenia_aberti             
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria           
  |                                             
  |        +----- Hamiota_australis[2]          
  |  +-----+                                    
  |  |     |  +-- Hamiota_australis[1]          
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        +-- Hamiota_subangulata           
  +--+                                          
  |  |        +-- Hamiota_altilis[3]            
  |  |  +-----+                                 
  |  |  |     +-- Hamiota_perovalis[2]          
  |  +--+                                       
  |     |  +----- Hamiota_altilis[2]            
  |     +--+                                    
  |        |  +-- Hamiota_altilis[1]            
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Hamiota_perovalis[1]          
  |                                             
  |  +----------- Obovaria_olivaria             
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis[2]
  |  |                                          
  |  |     +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
  |  +-----+                                    
  +--+     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
     |     +--+                                 
     |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
     |                                          
     |        +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **          
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **          
     +--+                                       
        |  +----- Epioblasma_walkeri[1] **         
        +--+                                    
           |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[2] **         
           +--+                                 
              +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **       

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 2 5 2 2 1 3.0
  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea[1]
  |                                    
  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea[2]
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Epioblasma_brevidens **    
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **    
     |  |                              
     +--+  +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis ** 
        |  |                           
        +--+-- Epioblasma_walkeri[1] **   
           |                           
           +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[2] **   

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 51 43 22 4.0
  +----------------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  |                                             
  |        +-------- Obovaria_olivaria          
--+  +-----+                                    
  |  |     |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor          
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda        
  +--+        +--+                              
     |           +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **       
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **       
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **        
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **         
              +--+                              
                 +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **    

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 52 43 22 4.0
  +----------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea      
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria          
--+  |                                          
  |  +-------------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Obovaria_unicolor          
  +--+--------+                                 
     |        |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda        
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens **       
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra **       
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **        
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Epioblasma_walkeri **         
              +--+                              
                 +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **    

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 28 10 8 --
     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
--+                                
  |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Cambarunio_iris        
  +--+                             
     +----- Leaunio_vanuxemensis   
     |                             
     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
     +--+                          
        +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 28 10 8 --
     +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     
--+                                
  |     +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
  |  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Cambarunio_iris        
     +--+                          
        +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis   

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 15 14 9 --
     +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_higginsii    
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  |                                
  |  +----- Lampsilis_fasciola     
--+--+                             
  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
  |                                
  |  +----- Cambarunio_iris        
  |  |                             
  +--+----- Ligumia_recta          
     |                             
     |  +-- Epioblasma_brevidens **   
     +--+                          
        +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 7 7 --
  +-------- Cambarunio_iris        
--+                                
  |  +----- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
     +--+                          
        +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 7 7 --
  +----- Cambarunio_iris     
--+                          
  |  +-- Ligumia_recta       
  +--+                       
     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 7 7 --
  +----- Cambarunio_iris     
--+                          
  |  +-- Ligumia_recta       
  +--+                       
     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 6 6 --
  +----- Truncilla_truncata        
  |                                
  +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
--+                                
  |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina   
  |  |                             
  |  +-- Cambarunio_iris           
  +--+                             
     +-- Ligumia_recta             
     |                             
     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **      

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 15 9 --
  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria      
  |                                
  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium      
  |                                
  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
  |                                
  |     +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Lampsilis_higginsii    
--+                                
  |     +-- Ligumia_recta          
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Lampsilis_teres        
  |                                
  |  +----- Potamilus_fragilis     
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Potamilus_ohiensis     
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Potamilus_alatus       
  |                                
  |  +----- Ellipsaria_lineolata   
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Truncilla_truncata     
     +--+                          
        +-- Truncilla_donaciformis 

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 15 9 --
  +----- Ligumia_recta       
--+                          
  |  +-- Obovaria_olivaria   
  +--+                       
     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 14 10 --
        +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **        
  +-----+                              
  |     +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
--+                                    
  |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria          
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 14 10 --
        +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **        
  +-----+                              
  |     +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
--+                                    
  |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria          
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 2 --
  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium          
--+                                    
  |  +----- Epioblasma_rangiana **        
  +--+                                 
     |  +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      
     +--+                              
        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 14 9 --
  +----- Hamiota_altilis     
  |                          
--+  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Cambarunio_iris     
     |                       
     +-- Ligumia_recta       

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 17 2 2 --
  +----- Lampsilis_ornata           
--+                                 
  |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 25 7 7 --
        +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **   
--+                                
  |  +----- Ligumia_recta          
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Obliquaria_reflexa     
     +--+                          
        +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 5 2 --
  +----- Paetulunio_fabalis         
  |                                 
  +----- Epioblasma_capsaeformis **    
--+                                 
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_trabalis[1]  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Venustaconcha_trabalis[2]  
  +--+                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |                              
     +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1, 3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 204 10 7 --
-- Epioblasma_rangiana

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 38 11 10 --
  +----- Cambarunio_iris     
--+                          
  |  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
  +--+                       
     +-- Ligumia_recta       

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 25 17 --
  +----- Venustaconcha_pleasii
--+                           
  |  +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **  
  +--+                        
     +-- Obovaria_unicolor    

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 41 36 19 --
  +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
--+                                 
  |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda        
  +--+                              
     +-- Epioblasma_rangiana **        

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 12 1 --
  +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola  
  |                                      
  |              +-- Epioblasma_rangiana ** 
  +--------------+                       
--+              +-- Lampsilis_radiata   
  |                                      
  |  +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata    
  |  |                                   
  +--+           +-- Lampsilis_cardium[1]
     |  +--------+                       
     |  |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata[1]  
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Lampsilis_cardium[6]
        |  |                             
        +--+  +----- Lampsilis_cardium[5]
           |  |                          
           +--+  +-- Lampsilis_cardium[2]
              |  |                       
              |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata[2]  
              +--+                       
                 +-- Lampsilis_cardium[3]
                 |                       
                 +-- Lampsilis_cardium[4]

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 11 10 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 10 9 --
  +-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
--+                       
  +-- Truncilla_truncata  

Page updated: 07:03:23 Thu 04 Apr 2024

 
NSF icon MUSSEL icon
"Making the world a better place, one mollusk at a time."