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Page last updated
Thu 15 May 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini

genus Pseudocuneopsis Huang, Dai, Chen & Wu et al., 2022: cladomics
     5 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5

analyzed in 34 cladograms in 21 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5, mean = 2.21

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 20
maximum number of included terminals = 5, mean = 3.05
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1.0

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 72 44 7 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** 

  +-------------------- Aculamprotula                
  |                                                  
--+  +----------------- Unio                         
  |  |                                               
  +--+  +-------------- Middendorffinaia             
     |  |                                            
     |  |     +-------- Nodularia                    
     +--+  +--+                                      
        |  |  |  +----- Schistodesmus                
        |  |  +--+                                   
        |  |     |  +-- Tchangsinaia                 
        +--+     +--+                                
           |        +-- Cuneopsis                    
           |                                         
           |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
           |  |                                      
           +--+     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
              |  +--+                                
              |  |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yemaoi **       
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_wuana **        
                 +--+                                
                    +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 38 15 9 --

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                              
  |              +-- Middendorffinaia            
--+  +-----------+                               
  |  |           +-- Nodularia                   
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis                   
     |  |                                        
     |  |        +-- Diaurora                    
     |  +--------+                               
     +--+        +-- Schistodesmus               
        |                                        
        |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
        |  +-----+                               
        |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Inversiunio                 
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
              +--+                               
                 +-- Unio

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 23 21 5 0.0 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaia             
  |                                            
  |     +-------- Nodularia                    
--+  +--+                                      
  |  |  |  +----- Schistodesmus                
  |  |  +--+                                   
  |  |     |  +-- Tchangsinaia                 
  +--+     +--+                                
     |        +-- Cuneopsis                    
     |                                         
     |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
     |  |                                      
     +--+     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
        |  +--+                                
        |  |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yemaoi **       
        +--+                                   
           |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_wuana **        
           +--+                                
              +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 23 21 5 0.0 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaia             
  |                                            
  |     +-------- Nodularia                    
--+  +--+                                      
  |  |  |  +----- Schistodesmus                
  |  |  +--+                                   
  |  |     |  +-- Tchangsinaia                 
  +--+     +--+                                
     |        +-- Cuneopsis                    
     |                                         
     |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
     |  |                                      
     +--+     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
        |  +--+                                
        |  |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yemaoi **       
        +--+                                   
           |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_wuana **        
           +--+                                
              +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 10 8 3 0.0 
        +----------- Tchangsinaia                 
        |                                         
  +-----+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis       
  |     |  +-----+                                
  |     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis        
  |     +--+                                      
  |        |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii         
  |        +--+                                   
--+           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei             
  |           +--+                                
  |              +-- Cuneopsis_demangei           
  |                                               
  |  +-------------- Cuneopsis_rufescens          
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +----------- Middendorffinaia             
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
        |  |                                      
        +--+     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
           |  +--+                                
           |  |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yemaoi **       
           +--+                                   
              |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_wuana **        
              +--+                                
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 20 10 7 1.0 
  +-------------------------- Unio                         
  |                                                        
--+  +----------------------- Aculamprotula                
  |  |                                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Cuneopsis                    
     |  |                                                  
     +--+                 +-- Nodularia                    
        |  +--------------+                                
        |  |              +-- Schistodesmus                
        +--+                                               
           |  +-------------- Tchangsinaia                 
           +--+                                            
              |  +----------- Inversiunio                  
              +--+                                         
                 |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
                 +--+                                      
                    |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
                    +--+                                   
                       |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_wuana **        
                       +--+                                
                          +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 48 13 6 1.0 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula                
  |                                               
--+  +-------------- Unio                         
  |  |                                            
  |  |     +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
  +--+  +--+                                      
     |  |  |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **
     |  |  +--+                                   
     |  |     |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yemaoi **       
     +--+     +--+                                
        |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
        |                                         
        |  +-------- Nodularia                    
        +--+                                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus                
           +--+                                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia                 
              +--+                                
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 20 10 7 1.0 
  +----------------- Unio                         
  |                                               
  +----------------- Aculamprotula                
  |                                               
--+  +-------------- Cuneopsis                    
  |  |                                            
  |  |           +-- Nodularia                    
  |  +-----------+                                
  +--+           +-- Schistodesmus                
     |                                            
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia                 
     |  |                                         
     +--+----------- Inversiunio                  
        |                                         
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
        +--+                                      
           |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
           +--+                                   
              |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_wuana **        
              +--+                                
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 2 2 2 1.0 
           +-- Schistodesmus                
  +--------+                                
  |        +-- Nodularia                    
--+                                         
  |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
  +--+                                      
     |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis ** 
        +--+                                
           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yemaoi **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 20 10 7 2.0 
  +----------------------- Unio                         
  |                                                     
--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotula                
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +----------------- Cuneopsis                    
     |  |                                               
     +--+              +-- Nodularia                    
        |  +-----------+                                
        |  |           +-- Schistodesmus                
        +--+                                            
           |  +----------- Tchangsinaia                 
           +--+                                         
              |  +-------- Inversiunio                  
              +--+                                      
                 |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **     
                 +--+                                   
                    |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_yangshuoensis **
                    +--+                                
                       +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 37 21 7 -- 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                                 
--+  +----------------- Unio                        
  |  |                                              
  +--+              +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     |  +-----------+                               
     |  |           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     +--+                                           
        |  +----------- Nodularia                   
        +--+                                        
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus               
           +--+                                     
              |  +----- Cuneopsis                   
              +--+                                  
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
                 +--+                               
                    +-- Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 52 27 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                              
--+  +-------------- Unio                        
  |  |                                           
  +--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     |  +--------+                               
     |  |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Nodularia                   
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Schistodesmus               
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
              +--+                               
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 90 20 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                           
--+  +----------- Unio                        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia                   
     |  |                                     
     |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     +--+-----+                               
        |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
        |                                     
        |  +----- Schistodesmus               
        +--+                                  
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
           +--+                               
              +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 94 20 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                           
--+  +----------- Unio                        
  |  |                                        
  |  |     +----- Nodularia                   
  +--+  +--+                                  
     |  |  |  +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     |  |  +--+                               
     +--+     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
        |                                     
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia                
        +--+                                  
           |  +-- Schistodesmus               
           +--+                               
              +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 90 20 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                           
--+  +----------- Unio                        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia                   
     |  |                                     
     |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     +--+-----+                               
        |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
        |                                     
        |  +----- Schistodesmus               
        +--+                                  
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
           +--+                               
              +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 10 10 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                              
--+  +-------------- Nodularia                   
  |  |                                           
  +--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     |  +--------+                               
     |  |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus               
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Cuneopsis                   
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
              +--+                               
                 +-- Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 72 18 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                              
--+  +-------------- Unio                        
  |  |                                           
  +--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     |  +--------+                               
     |  |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Nodularia                   
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Schistodesmus               
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
              +--+                               
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 38 15 9 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                              
  |              +-- Middendorffinaia            
--+  +-----------+                               
  |  |           +-- Nodularia                   
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis                   
     |  |                                        
     |  |        +-- Diaurora                    
     |  +--------+                               
     +--+        +-- Schistodesmus               
        |                                        
        |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
        |  +-----+                               
        |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Inversiunio                 
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia                
              +--+                               
                 +-- Unio

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 15 10 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                              
--+  +-------------- Unio                        
  |  |                                           
  +--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     |  +--------+                               
     |  |        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Nodularia                   
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia                
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Cuneopsis                   
              +--+                               
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 94 20 6 -- 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                                 
--+  +----------------- Unio                        
  |  |                                              
  +--+              +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **    
     |  +-----------+                               
     |  |           +-- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     +--+                                           
        |  +----------- Nodularia                   
        |  |                                        
        +--+        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus__1
           |  +-----+                               
           |  |     +-- Cuneopsis                   
           +--+                                     
              |  +----- Tchangsinaia                
              +--+                                  
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus__2
                 +--+                               
                    +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 19 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Schistodesmus           
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
              +--+                           
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 9 3 -- 
  +-------- Tchangsinaia            
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Middendorffinaia        
     +--+                           
        +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 12 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis               
              +--+                           
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 53 8 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula               
--+                                              
  |  +-------------- Unio                        
  +--+                                           
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_sichuanensis **
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Nodularia                   
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia                
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Cuneopsis                   
              +--+                               
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 14 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Schistodesmus           
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
              +--+                           
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 53 11 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula           
  |                                       
--+  +----------- Unio                    
  |  |                                    
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus           
     |  +-----+                           
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis               
     +--+                                 
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
        +--+                              
           |  +-- Nodularia               
           +--+                           
              +-- Tchangsinaia

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 6 4 -- 
  +-------------- Tchangsinaia            
--+                                       
  |  +----------- Cuneopsis_heudei        
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------- Nodularia               
     +--+                                 
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
        +--+                              
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens     
           +--+                           
              +-- Schistodesmus

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 11 6 -- 
  +----------- Unio                    
  |                                    
--+  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
  |  |                                 
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus           
     |  +--+                           
     |  |  +-- Cuneopsis               
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia            
        +--+                           
           +-- Nodularia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 14 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Schistodesmus           
              +--+                           
                 +-- Cuneopsis

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 73 14 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Schistodesmus           
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis               
              +--+                           
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 49 13 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia            
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis               
              +--+                           
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 11 3 -- 
  +----- Nodularia               
  |                              
--+  +-- Cuneopsis               
  |  |                           
  +--+-- Tchangsinaia            
     |                           
     +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 52 6 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula           
  |                                       
--+  +----------- Unio                    
  |  |                                    
  +--+        +-- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     |  +-----+                           
     |  |     +-- Nodularia               
     +--+                                 
        |  +----- Schistodesmus           
        +--+                              
           |  +-- Cuneopsis               
           +--+                           
              +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 9 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula           
--+                                          
  |  +-------------- Unio                    
  +--+                                       
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis_capitata **
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Nodularia               
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Schistodesmus           
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis               
              +--+                           
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Page updated: 07:50:49 Thu 15 May 2025
 
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