| 
 Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae tribe LEPIDODESMINI Huang & Wu in Huang et al. 2019: cladomics      1 genus 
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 3
 number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 1
 
analyzed in 60 cladograms in 34 publications 
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2, mean = 1.13
 maximum number of subtaxa (genus) in an analysis = 1, mean = 1.0
 
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 8 
maximum number of included terminals = 2, mean = 2.0 
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1, mean = 1.0 
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1.0
 
 
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
120 | 
69 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***  *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram *** 
  +----- Acuticostini 
  |                   
  +----- Lepidodesma **  
--+                   
  +----- Unionini     
  |                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini   
 
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
26 | 
26 | 
1 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   
  
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
26 | 
26 | 
1 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   
  
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
17 | 
9 | 
1 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Anodontini 
  
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
89 | 
44 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
93 | 
44 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
93 | 
44 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
74 | 
70 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 2 | 
2 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
89 | 
44 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
33 | 
21 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma **            
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio            
 
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
52 | 
16 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
198 | 
44 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma **          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Unio                 
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotula        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei     
 
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
48 | 
26 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
87 | 
43 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
37 | 
15 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------------- Anodontini   
  |                               
  |              +-- Acuticostini 
--+  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesma **  
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Aculamprotula
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia 
 
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
55 | 
32 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
43 | 
21 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
44 | 
30 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------------- Anemina      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini     
 
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
44 | 
35 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
              +-- Anemina               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesma **           
              |                         
              +-- Unionini              
 
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
39 | 
25 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
20 | 
15 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini     
 
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
35 | 
14 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
15 | 
6 | 
2 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Unio         
 
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
20 | 
15 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
  +----------------- Anodontina      
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Aculamprotula   
  |  +-----------+                   
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesma **     
     |                               
     |  +----------- Unio            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis       
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Nodularia       
              |                      
              |  +-- Inversiunio     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus   
 
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
90 | 
25 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
196 | 
43 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
33 | 
13 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona    
 
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
55 | 
25 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
67 | 
31 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
198 | 
44 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesma **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
52 | 
50 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
16 | 
15 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
-- Lepidodesma_languilati 
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
67 | 
34 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     
 
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
39 | 
30 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
           +-- Anemina               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **           
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina            
 
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
19 | 
8 | 
2 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----- Anodontini 
--+                 
  |  +-- Lepidodesma **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   
 
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
47 | 
21 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
32 | 
20 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini
 
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
67 | 
34 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     
 
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
53 | 
17 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
72 | 
32 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
33 | 
14 | 
2 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Schistodesmus
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Aculamprotula
 
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
52 | 
26 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
12 | 
11 | 
2 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------------- Unio            
  |                               
  |        +----- Aculamprotula   
--+  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini      
  |  |     +--+                   
  +--+        +-- Lepidodesma **     
     |                            
     |  +-------- Middendorffinaia
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversiunio     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis       
           +--+                   
              +-- Nodularia       
 
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
52 | 
32 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
  |                      
--+-------- Unionini     
  |                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini
 
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
10 | 
10 | 
1 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   
  
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
43 | 
21 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
45 | 
25 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
39 | 
30 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesma **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
37 | 
20 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
22 | 
22 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini     
 
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
44 | 
35 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
           +----- Pletholophus 
  +--------+                   
  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta  
  |        +--+                
  |           +-- Beringiana   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristaria    
  |  |                         
  |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+--------+                
     |        +-- Anodontina   
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini 
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini     
 
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
37 | 
37 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
42 | 
28 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------------------------------- Anemina              
  |                                                         
--+  +-------------------------------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                                                      
  +--+  +----------------------------- Sinanodonta          
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
        |  |                                                
        +--+                       +-- Cristaria            
           |  +--------------------+                        
           |  |                    +-- Lanceolariini        
           +--+                                             
              |  +-------------------- Lepidodesma **          
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +-------------- Nodularia            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
                          +--+                              
                             |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
                             +--+                           
                                |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
                                +--+                        
                                   +-- Cuneopsis_heudei     
 
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
33 | 
13 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticostini 
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesma **  
 
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
72 | 
34 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
51 | 
26 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini   
 
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
67 | 
34 | 
3 | 
-- | 
 
 
                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     
 
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
72 | 
32 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
90 | 
25 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   
 
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 
  | iT | 
  tT | 
  bi | 
  riS | 
  oT | 
  roT | 
  roS | 
  iD | 
 
  | 1 | 
1 | 
0 | 
 1 | 
39 | 
25 | 
4 | 
-- | 
 
 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini
 
   |