Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini genus Toxolasma Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics 7 valid species
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 7
analyzed in 56 cladograms in 40 publications
maximum number of terminal species in an analysis = 4, mean = 1.21
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 6
maximum number of included species = 4, mean = 3.0
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1.0
Breton et al., 2011, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
4 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
35 |
9 |
7 |
0.0 |
*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***
+-------- Toxolasma_paulum[2] **
+--------+
| | +----- Toxolasma_lividum **
| +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+ +--+
| +-- Toxolasma_paulum[1] **
|
| +-------------- Ellipsaria_lineolata
| |
+--+ +----------- Truncilla_macrodon
| |
| | +-- Lemiox_rimosus
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| |
+--+ +-- Cambarunio_iris
| +--+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
| |
+--+-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Campbell et al., 2005, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
115 |
47 |
22 |
-- |
*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***
+-- Toxolasma_parvum **
+-----+
| +-- Toxolasma_texasiense **
+-----------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria_reflexa
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
| +--+
| +-- Glebula_rotundata
|
| +-- Potamilus_fragilis
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Potamilus_alatus
| | +--+
--+ | +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
| |
| +-----------+ +-- Sagittunio_nasutus
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| | |
| | | +----------- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lemiox_rimosus
| | +--+
+--+ | +----- Dromus_dromas
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria
|
| +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata
| +-----------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla_truncata
| |
| | +----------------------- Villosa_villosa
| | |
| | | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+ | +--------------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii
| | |
| | +--+ +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | | | +--------+
| | | | | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
+--+ | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| | |
| | | +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra
| | +--+
| | | +----- Epioblasma_walkeri[2]
| | +--+
| | | +-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis
+--+ +--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri[1]
|
| +-- Ligumia_recta
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| +--+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
| | | +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
+-----+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| |
+--+ +----- Hamiota_australis[2]
| +--+
| | | +-- Hamiota_australis[1]
| | +--+
| | +-- Hamiota_subangulata
+--+
| +----- Hamiota_altilis[2]
| |
| | +-- Hamiota_altilis[1]
+--+--+
| +-- Hamiota_perovalis[1]
|
| +-- Hamiota_altilis[3]
+--+
+-- Hamiota_perovalis[2]
Chase et al., 2018, fig. 4
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
4 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
35 |
8 |
7 |
4.0 |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
+--------+
| | +----- Toxolasma_lividum **
| +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma_paulum **
| +--+
--+ +-- Toxolasma_texasiense **
|
| +-------------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| |
| | +----- Lemiox_rimosus
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_powellii
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
|
| +-------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio_iris
+--+
| +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata
+--+
+-- Truncilla_macrodon
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
3 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
54 |
46 |
22 |
3.0 |
+-------- Obliquaria_reflexa
+-----------------------------+
| | +----- Toxolasma_texasiense **
| +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma_parvum **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma_lividum **
|
| +----------------------------------- Sagittunio_nasutus
| |
--+ | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
| | +--------+
| | | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | | |
| | | +--+----- Lemiox_rimosus
| | | |
| | +--------------+ | +-- Dromus_dromas
+--+ | | +--+
| | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria
| | |
| | | +-------------- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Potamilus_fragilis
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Potamilus_alatus
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Potamilus_inflatus
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla_truncata
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata
| |
| | +-------------------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| | |
+--+ | +-- Hamiota_australis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Hamiota_subangulata
| | +-----+
| | | | +-- Hamiota_altilis
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Hamiota_perovalis
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Ligumia_recta
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| +--------------+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii
| |
| | +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+ +-----+
| | | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+ +--+
| +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
|
| +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_rangiana
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
3 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
55 |
46 |
22 |
3.0 |
+----- Paetulunio_fabalis
|
+--------------------------------------+ +-- Toxolasma_parvum **
| | |
| +--+-- Toxolasma_lividum **
| |
| +-- Toxolasma_texasiense **
|
| +----- Obliquaria_reflexa
| +-----------------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula_rotundata
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
| | +--+
| | | | +-- Dromus_dromas
| | | +--+
+--+ +-----------------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
| | +-- Lemiox_rimosus
| |
| | +----------------------------------- Sagittunio_nasutus
| | |
+--+ | +-------------- Potamilus_leptodon
| | |
| +--------------------+ +----------- Potamilus_fragilis
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Potamilus_alatus
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Potamilus_inflatus
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
|
| +-- Truncilla_truncata
| +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria_lineolata
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | +--------------------+
+--+ | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| |
| | +-- Ligumia_recta
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Hamiota_australis
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Hamiota_subangulata
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Hamiota_altilis
| +--+
| +-- Hamiota_perovalis
|
| +----------------------- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
| | +----------------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+ |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
+--+ | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| +-----------+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii
| |
+--+ +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--------+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
|
| +----------- Epioblasma_brevidens
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma_triquetra
+--+
| +----- Epioblasma_rangiana
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma_walkeri
+--+
+-- Epioblasma_capsaeformis
Campbell et al., 2005, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
113 |
47 |
22 |
-- |
+-- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
+-- Toxolasma_texasiense **
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
33 |
5 |
5 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_lividum
Hoeh et al., 2001, fig. 14.2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
30 |
5 |
5 |
-- |
+----- Potamilus_alatus
--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta
+--+
+-- Toxolasma_lividum **
Hoeh et al., 2001, fig. 14.4
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
30 |
5 |
5 |
-- |
+-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
+--------+
| +-- Glebula_rotundata
--+
| +-------- Toxolasma_lividum **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_alatus
+--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
Hoeh et al., 2002, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
30 |
5 |
5 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_lividum
Roe & Hoeh, 2003, fig. 4.2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
30 |
5 |
5 |
-- |
+----- Potamilus_alatus
--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta
+--+
+-- Toxolasma_lividum **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003, fig. 4.3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
30 |
5 |
5 |
-- |
+-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
+--------+
| +-- Glebula_rotundata
--+
| +-------- Toxolasma_lividum **
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Chapman et al., 2008, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
20 |
12 |
10 |
-- |
+-------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum **
|
--+ +----------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
+--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Glebula_rotundata
| |
+--+ +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lemiox_rimosus
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| +-----------+
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+
| +----------- Hamiota_subangulata
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_hydiana
Krebs et al., 2003, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
33 |
10 |
7 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_parvum
Boyer et al., 2011, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
34 |
15 |
9 |
-- |
+-------------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
| +----------- Obliquaria_reflexa
| |
--+ | +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium
| | |
+--+ | +-- Epioblasma_triquetra
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
+--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta
+-----+
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
|
| +----- Potamilus_fragilis
+--+
| | +-- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_alatus
|
| +----- Ellipsaria_lineolata
+--+
| +-- Truncilla_truncata
+--+
+-- Truncilla_donaciformis
Boyer et al., 2011, fig. 4
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
37 |
15 |
9 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_parvum
Chapman et al., 2008, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
20 |
12 |
10 |
-- |
+-------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum **
|
--+ +----------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
+--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Glebula_rotundata
| |
+--+ +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lemiox_rimosus
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| +-----------+
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+
| +----------- Hamiota_subangulata
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_hydiana
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, fig. 1-2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
73 |
14 |
10 |
-- |
+----------------- Potamilus_alatus
|
+----------------- Potamilus_capax
|
+----------------- Glebula_rotundata
|
| +-- Toxolasma_lividum **
+--------------+
--+ +-- Paetulunio_fabalis
|
| +-- Dromus_dromas
+--------------+
| +-- Lemiox_rimosus
|
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| +-----------+
| | +-- Obliquaria_reflexa
+--+
| +----------- Lampsilis_virescens
| |
+--+ +-- Epioblasma_rangiana
| +-----+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
+--+
| +----- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_pleasii
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
73 |
14 |
10 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_lividum
Huang et al., 2013, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
15 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Zhou et al., 2016, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
19 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_ornata
Guerra et al., 2017, fig. 2a
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
24 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_ornata
Guerra et al., 2017, fig. 2b
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
24 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_ornata
Fonseca et al., 2016, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
31 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Amaro et al., 2017, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
15 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Amaro et al., 2017, fig. 3A
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
11 |
1 |
1 |
-- |
+-- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Amaro et al., 2017, fig. 3B
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
11 |
1 |
1 |
-- |
+-- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
32 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Wen et al., 2017, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
15 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Huang et al., 2018, fig. 6
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
42 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Huang et al., 2019, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
198 |
13 |
11 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_parvum
Huang et al., 2019, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
56 |
6 |
4 |
-- |
+-------------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| +--------+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus
+--+
| +-------- Leaunio_lienosus
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_ornata
Huang et al., 2019, fig. S3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
196 |
13 |
11 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_parvum
Huang et al., 2019, fig. S4
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
198 |
13 |
11 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_parvum
Wang et al., 2018, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
31 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Aunins et al., 2018, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
40 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Wu et al., 2019, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
46 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Wang et al., 2018, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
31 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_ornata
Burlakova et al., 2019, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
32 |
25 |
17 |
-- |
+----------------- Toxolasma_lividum **
|
| +-- Potamilus_fragilis
| +-----------+
| | +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| |
| | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| +--------+
--+ | | +-- Lemiox_rimosus
| | +--+
| | +-- Dromus_dromas
| |
| | +----- Ellipsaria_lineolata
| | |
| +--------+ +-- Truncilla_cognata
| | | |
+--+ | +-- Truncilla_donaciformis
| +--+
| +-- Truncilla_macrodon
| |
| +-- Truncilla_truncata
|
| +----------- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| +----------- Leaunio_lienosus
| |
| +----------- Villosa_villosa
| |
| | +-- Sagittunio_nasutus
| +--------+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +----- Venustaconcha_pleasii
+-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma_rangiana
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_unicolor
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea
Cha et al., 2018, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
38 |
3 |
2 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +----- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_alatus
+--+
+-- Potamilus_leptodon
Froufe et al., 2019, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
44 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Froufe et al., 2019, fig. 6
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
43 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Inoue et al., 2020, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
43 |
28 |
6 |
-- |
+----------------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum **
|
| +-------- Potamilus_fragilis
| |
| +-----------------------+ +-- Potamilus_ohiensis
--+ | | +--+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
+--+
| +-------- Ellipsaria_lineolata
| +--------------------+
| | | +----- Truncilla_macrodon
| | +--+
| | | +-- Truncilla_donaciformis
| | +--+
| | +-- Truncilla_cognata
+--+
| +-------------------------- Leaunio_lienosus
| |
| | +-------------------- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | |
| | +--+ +----------------- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | | |
+--+ | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_cariosa
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium[3]
+--+ +--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_cardium[2]
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_satura
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium[1]
|
| +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
| +--------------+
| | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+-----+
| +-------------- Lampsilis_teres
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_radiata
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea
Inoue et al., 2020, fig. 4
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
42 |
27 |
6 |
-- |
+----------------------------------- Toxolasma_lividum **
|
| +-------------------------------- Ellipsaria_lineolata
--+ |
| | +----- Truncilla_cognata
| | +-----------------------+
| | | | +-- Truncilla_macrodon
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Truncilla_donaciformis
| |
| | +-------- Potamilus_fragilis
| | |
+--+ +-----------------+ +-- Potamilus_ohiensis
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
+--+
| +----------------------- Leaunio_lienosus
| |
| | +----------------- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | | +-----------+
+--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | +--+
| | | +----------- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_cardium[3]
| | +--+
+--+ | +----- Lampsilis_cardium[2]
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_satura
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium[1]
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
+-----+ +--------+
| | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_radiata
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea
Smith et al., 2019, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
41 |
36 |
19 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_lividum
Wu et al., 2020, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
49 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_alatus
+--+
+-- Potamilus_leptodon
Wu et al., 2020, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
29 |
1 |
1 |
-- |
+-- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Guerra et al., 2019, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
40 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Guerra et al., 2019, fig. 2
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
40 |
2 |
2 |
-- |
+----- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Chen et al., 2020, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
33 |
5 |
2 |
-- |
+----------- Toxolasma_parvum **
--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020, fig. 1
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
18 |
7 |
3 |
-- |
+-------------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
| +-- Potamilus_alatus
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Zieritz et al., 2021, fig. 3-F, 5
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
48 |
4 |
3 |
-- |
+-------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Potamilus_alatus
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_ornata
Wu et al., 2022, fig. 3
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
73 |
8 |
4 |
-- |
+----------------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-- Potamilus_alatus
| +-----------+
| | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
| +----------- Leaunio_lienosus
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022, fig. 4
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
35 |
5 |
3 |
-- |
+----------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus_leptodon
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022, fig. S5
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
38 |
5 |
3 |
-- |
+----------- Toxolasma_parvum **
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus_leptodon
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022, fig. 2-F
iT |
tT |
bi |
riS |
oT |
roT |
roS |
iD |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
14 |
8 |
3 |
-- |
-- Toxolasma_parvum
|