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Page last updated
Tue 03 Jun 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini

genus Cuneopsis Simpson, 1900: cladomics
     10 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 10

analyzed in 65 cladograms in 39 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7, mean = 2.54

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 44
maximum number of included terminals = 7, mean = 3.27
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.82

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 8 4 3 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** 

  +-------------------- Tchangsinaia           
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Pseudocuneopsis        
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +-------------- Middendorffinaia       
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **    
        |  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **  
        +--+  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiosimilis **
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis ** 
              |                                
              |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **   
              |  |                             
              +--+  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **       
                 |  |                          
                 +--+-- Cuneopsis_demangei__1 **  
                    |                          
                    +-- Cuneopsis_demangei__2 **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 43 20 10 --

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------------- Globunio             
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Middendorffinaia     
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Nodularia            
        |  |                                    
        |  |           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
        +--+  +--------+                        
           |  |        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
           |  |                                 
           |  |        +-- Diaurora             
           +--+--------+                        
              |        +-- Schistodesmus        
              |                                 
              |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis      
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Unio                 
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia         
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Inversiunio

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 7 21 19 5 1.0 
  +-------------------------- Middendorffinaia       
  |                                                  
--+  +----------------------- Pseudocuneopsis        
  |  |                                               
  +--+  +-------------------- Nodularia              
     |  |                                            
     +--+  +----------------- Schistodesmus          
        |  |                                         
        +--+  +-------------- Tchangsinaia           
           |  |                                      
           +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **    
              |  |                                   
              |  |     +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **   
              +--+  +--+                             
                 |  |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **     
                 |  |  +--+                          
                 +--+     +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **       
                    |                                
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **  
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis ** 
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Cuneopsis_celtiosimilis **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 6 70 43 7 2.0 
  +-------------------------------- Aculamprotula         
  |                                                       
--+  +----------------------------- Unio                  
  |  |                                                    
  +--+  +-------------------------- Middendorffinaia      
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +----------------------- Pseudocuneopsis       
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +-------------------- Nodularia             
           |  |                                           
           +--+  +----------------- Schistodesmus         
              |  |                                        
              +--+  +-------------- Tchangsinaia          
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
                    |  |                                  
                    +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
                       |  +-----+                         
                       |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
                       +--+                               
                          |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
                          +--+                            
                             |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **    
                             +--+                         
                                +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 13 11 6 9 7 3 9.0 
           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Middendorffinaia      
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis       
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Tchangsinaia          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **      
           +--+                         
              +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 6 22 20 5 2.0 
  +-------------------------- Middendorffinaia      
  |                                                 
--+  +----------------------- Pseudocuneopsis       
  |  |                                              
  +--+  +-------------------- Nodularia             
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------- Schistodesmus         
        |  |                                        
        +--+  +-------------- Tchangsinaia          
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
              |  |                                  
              +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
                 |  +-----+                         
                 |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **    
                       +--+                         
                          +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 5 7 7 6 3.0 
  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                                
--+  +----------------------- Nodularia            
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
        |  |                                       
        +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia         
           |  +-----------+                        
           |  |           +-- Inversiunio          
           +--+                                    
              |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **   
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 34 19 7 4.0 
  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                                
--+  +----------------------- Unio                 
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +----------------- Nodularia            
        |  |                                       
        +--+  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
           |  |                                    
           +--+           +-- Tchangsinaia         
              |  +--------+                        
              |  |        +-- Inversiunio          
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 48 13 6 4.0 
  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                                
  |  +----------------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                             
     |  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     +--+                                          
        |  +----------------- Nodularia            
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
           +--+                                    
              |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 117 23 7 4.0 
  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Middendorffinaia     
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Unio                 
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------- Nodularia            
        |  |                                    
        +--+  +----------- Schistodesmus        
           |  |                                 
           |  |        +-- Tchangsinaia         
           +--+--------+                        
              |        +-- Inversiunio          
              |                                 
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 8 3 4 195 15 5 8.0 
  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  |                           
  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |                           
--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  |                           
  +----- Nodularia            
  |                           
  |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
  +--+                        
     +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 87 18 6 4.0 
  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Unio                 
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Nodularia            
     |  |                                       
     +--+----------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
        |                                       
        |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
        +--+                                    
           |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
           +--+                                 
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 91 18 6 4.0 
  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula               
  |                                                       
--+  +----------------------- Unio                        
  |  |                                                    
  +--+  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis             
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +----------------- Nodularia                   
        |  |                                              
        |  |           +----- Tchangsinaia                
        +--+  +--------+                                  
           |  |        |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus__2
           |  |        +--+                               
           +--+           +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus      
              |                                           
              |  +----------- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus__1
              +--+                                        
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **         
                 +--+                                     
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **       
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **          
                       +--+                               
                          +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 195 15 5 4.0 
  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                             
  |  +-------------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------------- Nodularia            
        +--+                                    
           |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
           +--+                                 
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 87 18 6 4.0 
  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Unio                 
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------- Nodularia            
     |  |                                       
     +--+----------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
        |                                       
        |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
        +--+                                    
           |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
           +--+                                 
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 5 3 4 39 11 4 5.0 
  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
--+                                       
  |  +-------------- Nodularia            
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
              +--+                        
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 69 16 6 4.0 
  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                                
  |  +----------------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                             
     |  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     +--+                                          
        |  +----------------- Nodularia            
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
           +--+                                    
              |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 193 14 5 4.0 
  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                             
  |  +-------------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                          
     |  +----------------- Nodularia            
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
        +--+                                    
           |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
           +--+                                 
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 49 25 6 4.0 
  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                                
  |  +----------------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                             
     |  +-------------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     +--+                                          
        |  +----------------- Nodularia            
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
           +--+                                    
              |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **   
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 91 18 6 4.0 
  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------- Unio                 
  |  |                                          
  +--+                 +-- Nodularia            
     |  +--------------+                        
     |  |              +-- Pseudocuneopsis      
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------------- Tchangsinaia         
        +--+                                    
           |  +----------- Schistodesmus        
           +--+                                 
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
              +--+                              
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **   
                    +--+                        
                       +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 84 25 8 4.0 
  +-------------------------- Globunio             
  |                                                
--+  +----------------------- Aculamprotula        
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +-------------------- Unio                 
     |  |                                          
     +--+                 +-- Nodularia            
        |  +--------------+                        
        |  |              +-- Pseudocuneopsis      
        +--+                                       
           |  +-------------- Schistodesmus        
           +--+                                    
              |  +----------- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                                 
                 |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 4 41 11 4 4.0 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                          
  |  +----------------- Nodularia            
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------------- Tchangsinaia         
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Schistodesmus        
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 50 11 5 5.0 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                       
--+  +-------------- Unio                 
  |  |                                    
  +--+           +-- Nodularia            
     |  +--------+                        
     |  |        +-- Schistodesmus        
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
              +--+                        
                 +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 78 9 5 -- 
  +----------------- Unio                
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 21 11 7 -- 
  +----------------- Unio                
  |                                      
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  |  |                                   
  |  |           +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
  +--+  +--------+                       
     |  |        +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
     |  |                                
     +--+        +-- Nodularia           
        |  +-----+                       
        |  |     +-- Schistodesmus       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Inversiunio         
              +--+                       
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 43 20 10 -- 
  +-------------------- Globunio             
  |                                          
--+  +----------------- Aculamprotula        
  |  |                                       
  |  |              +-- Middendorffinaia     
  +--+  +-----------+                        
     |  |           +-- Nodularia            
     |  |                                    
     |  |           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
     +--+  +--------+                        
        |  |        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
        |  |                                 
        |  |        +-- Diaurora             
        +--+--------+                        
           |        +-- Schistodesmus        
           |                                 
           |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis      
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Inversiunio          
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia         
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Unio

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 33 0 0 -- 
  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
--+                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 89 9 5 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Unio                
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia           
     |  |                             
     +--+     +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
        |  +--+                       
        |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                       
              +-- Schistodesmus

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 54 10 5 -- 
  +----------------- Middendorffinaia    
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Unio                
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Nodularia           
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 137 8 5 -- 
  +-------------- Unio                
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Aculamprotula       
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia           
     |  |                             
     +--+     +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
        |  +--+                       
        |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                       
              +-- Schistodesmus

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 10 10 4 -- 
  +----------- Nodularia          
  |                               
--+  +-------- Schistodesmus      
  |  |                            
  +--+     +-- Unio               
     |  +--+                      
     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia       
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **   
        +--+                      
           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 137 8 5 7.0 
  +----------- Unio                
  |                                
--+  +-------- Aculamprotula       
  |  |                             
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus       
  +--+                             
     +-------- Nodularia           
     |                             
     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
        +--+                       
           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 38 15 9 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                       
  |              +-- Middendorffinaia     
--+  +-----------+                        
  |  |           +-- Nodularia            
  |  |                                    
  |  |           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  +--+  +--------+                        
     |  |        +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
     |  |                                 
     |  |        +-- Diaurora             
     +--+--------+                        
        |        +-- Schistodesmus        
        |                                 
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis      
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Inversiunio          
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                        
                 +-- Unio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 74 8 5 7.0 
  +----------------- Unio                
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 74 8 5 7.0 
  +----------------- Unio                
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 6 0 2 12 5 4 9.0 
  +-------------- Tchangsinaia       
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Cuneopsis_heudei **   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Nodularia          
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis    
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
           +--+                      
              +-- Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 15 10 6 -- 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                          
  |  +----------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Nodularia            
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Schistodesmus        
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 38 18 6 -- 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                          
  |  +----------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis      
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Nodularia            
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus        
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 38 15 9 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                       
  |              +-- Middendorffinaia     
--+  +-----------+                        
  |  |           +-- Nodularia            
  |  |                                    
  |  |           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  +--+  +--------+                        
     |  |        +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
     |  |                                 
     |  |        +-- Diaurora             
     +--+--------+                        
        |        +-- Schistodesmus        
        |                                 
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis      
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Inversiunio          
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia         
              +--+                        
                 +-- Unio

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 89 9 5 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Unio                
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia           
     |  |                             
     +--+     +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
        |  +--+                       
        |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                       
              +-- Schistodesmus

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 13 9 3 -- 
  +-------- Unio                
  |                             
--+  +----- Schistodesmus       
  |  |                          
  +--+----- Nodularia           
     |                          
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
     +--+                       
        +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 22 12 7 -- 
  +----------------- Unio                
  |                                      
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotula       
  |  |                                   
  |  |           +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
  +--+  +--------+                       
     |  |        +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
     |  |                                
     +--+        +-- Nodularia           
        |  +-----+                       
        |  |     +-- Schistodesmus       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia        
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Inversiunio         
              +--+                       
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 10 0 2 123 8 5 13.0 
  +-- Unio_crassus         
  |                        
  +-- Unio_pictorum        
  |                        
  +-- Unio_tumidus         
  |                        
  +-- Aculamprotula        
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
--+                        
  +-- Tchangsinaia         
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae 
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae
  |                        
  +-- Schistodesmus

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 22 12 7 -- 
  +-------- Unio                
  |                             
  +-------- Aculamprotula       
  |                             
--+     +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
  |  +--+                       
  |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
  |  |                          
  |  |  +-- Nodularia           
  +--+--+                       
     |  +-- Schistodesmus       
     |                          
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia        
     |  |                       
     +--+-- Inversiunio         
        |                       
        +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 10 5 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio            
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Nodularia       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia    
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
           +--+                   
              +-- Schistodesmus

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 6 4 -- 
  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
--+                        
  +-- Nodularia

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 5 2 -- 
  +----- Nodularia       
--+                      
  |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unio

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 72 14 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Schistodesmus   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 7 4 -- 
  +----------- Aculamprotula   
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unio            
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Nodularia       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia    
        +--+                   
           +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 9 5 -- 
  +-------- Middendorffinaia     
--+                              
  |  +----- Inversiunio          
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
     +--+                        
        +-- Nodularia

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 52 6 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula        
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Unio                 
  |  |                                 
  +--+        +-- Pseudocuneopsis      
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Nodularia            
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Schistodesmus        
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
           +--+                        
              +-- Tchangsinaia

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 10 4 -- 
  +-------- Unio            
--+                         
  |  +----- Nodularia       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Schistodesmus   
     +--+                   
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 67 14 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Schistodesmus   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 72 14 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Schistodesmus   
              +--+                   
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 45 12 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 52 11 6 -- 
  +-------------- Aculamprotula   
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unio            
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus   
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis 
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Nodularia       
           +--+                   
              +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 53 8 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 11 6 -- 
  +----------- Unio            
  |                            
--+  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis 
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Schistodesmus   
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia    
        +--+                   
           +-- Nodularia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 48 13 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 10 6 -- 
  +----------- Unio                 
  |                                 
--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia     
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
     |  |                           
     +--+----- Nodularia            
        |                           
        |  +-- Inversiunio          
        +--+                        
           +-- Schistodesmus

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 17 4 2 -- 
  +-- Nodularia            
--+                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 2 2 -- 
  +-- Nodularia       
--+                   
  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 10 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula        
--+                                       
  |  +-------------- Unio                 
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Middendorffinaia     
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Nodularia            
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Inversiunio          
              +--+                        
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 9 6 -- 
  +----------------- Aculamprotula   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio            
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Schistodesmus   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 11 11 3 -- 
  +----- Nodularia            
  |                           
--+  +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  |  |                        
  +--+-- Tchangsinaia         
     |                        
     +-- Pseudocuneopsis

Page updated: 11:33:50 Tue 03 Jun 2025
 
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