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Thu 01 Jun 2023 |
The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
The nominal species (available and otherwise) in this synonymy are listed by usage rather than strictly by publication date. The primary sorting order is by the most recent year (since 1969) that the species name was treated as valid, and then nominal species are sorted secondarily by publication year. The taxonomic history of the valid species (since 1900) is listed at the bottom of the page.
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Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini | Pleurobema species Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820): nominal species 8 specimens available.
Obliquaria (Sintoxia) sintoxia Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1819, Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 88: 427 [as ‘U. (Obovaria) syntoxis’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 310 [also as ‘U. sintoxia’].
Rafinesque, 1864, [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 29, 54.
(correct name for Unio (Obovaria) syntoxis Rafinesque, 1819)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20208, Ohio River.
Obliquaria (Sintoxia) sintoxia — Rafinesque (1820)
Unio sintoxia — Ferussac (1835), Conrad (1853)
Quadrula sintoxia — Vanatta (1915)
Fusconaia subrotunda — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Quadrula (Fusconia) subrotunda — Frierson (1927)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Morrison (1969), Oesch (1984), Cummings & Mayer (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), ..., Porto-Hannes et al. (2021), FMCS (2021), Graf & Cummings (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022)
Obliquaria sintoxia — Burch (1975)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Pleurobema (Sintoxia) sintoxia — Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Burlakova et al. (2012)
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Unio coccineus Conrad, 1836
‘Hildreth’ Conrad, 1836, Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(3): 29, pl. 13, fig. 1.
‘Hildreth’ Conrad, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 247.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85848, Columbus, Ohio.
Unio coccineus — Conrad (1836), Hanley (1843), Küster (1852), Conrad (1853)
Margarita (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Margaron (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula coccinea — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909)
Pleurobema obliqua var. coccinea — Ortmann (1910)
Pleurobema coccineum — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Turgeon et al. (1988), Cummings & Mayer (1992), Williams et al. (1993), Graf & Ó Foighil (2000), Graf (2002), ITIS (2012)
Pleurobema obliquum coccineum — Utterback (1915)
Pleurobema obliqua coccineum — Ortmann (1918)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea — Frierson (1927)
Pleurobema cordatum coccineum — Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea coccinea — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema cordatum — Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Pleurobema cordatum f. coccineum — Mackie et al. (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Oesch (1984), Turgeon et al. (1998), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), IUCN (2012), Zieritz et al. (2015)
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Unio coccineus Lea, 1838
 “Dr. Hildreth’s Letter” Lea, 1836, Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 34. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 12, pl. 5, fig. 12.
(homonym of Unio coccineus Conrad, 1836)
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85848, Columbus, Ohio.
Unio coccineus — Lea (1838), Hanley (1843), Conrad (1853), Reeve (1865), Sowerby (1868), B.H. Wright (1888), de Gregorio (1914)
Margarita (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Margaron (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio (Obovaria) coccineus — Mörch (1853), Adams & Adams (1857)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) coccineus — Call (1900)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Frierson (1927)
Pleurobema coccineum — F.C. Baker (1928), Graf & Cummings (2006), Hoeh et al. (2009)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980)
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Unio catillus Conrad, 1836
Conrad, 1836, Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(3): 30, pl. 13, fig. 2.
Conrad, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 246.
Unio catillus — Conrad (1836), Küster (1852), Conrad (1853)
Margarita (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Unio coccineus — Hanley (1843), Reeve (1865), Sowerby (1868)
Margaron (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio (Obovaria) coccineus — Mörch (1853)
Unio catilus — B.H. Wright (1888)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema obliquum catillus — Utterback (1915)
Pleurobema catillus — Utterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Pleurobema obliqua catillus — Ortmann (1918)
Pleurobema cordatum catillus — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleurobema coccineum catillus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema cordatum — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Oesch (1984), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Obliquaria (Scalenaria) triangularis Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 309 [also as ‘U. triangularis’].
Rafinesque, 1864, [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 53.
Obliquaria (Scalenaria) triangularis — Rafinesque (1820)
Unio triangularis — Ferussac (1835)
Fusconaia subrotunda — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Frierson (1927)
Obliquaria triangularis — Burch (1975)
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Unio (Obovaria) syntoxis Rafinesque, 1819
Rafinesque, 1819, Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 88: 427. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1864, [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 29.
(incorrect original spelling of Obliquaria (Sintoxia) sintoxia Rafinesque, 1820)
Unio (Obovaria) syntoxis — Rafinesque (1819)
Fusconaia subrotunda — Haas (1969)
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Unio cuneus Conrad, 1838
Conrad, 1838, Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): back cover.
Conrad, 1840, Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(12): 105, pl. 58, fig. 1.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) ANSP_41645, Arkansas River.
Unio cuneus — Conrad (1838), Conrad (1840), B.H. Wright (1888), Call (1895)
Margaron (Unio) coccineus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) cuneus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea-cunea — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea cunea — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema pyramidatum — Vidrine (1993)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Pleurobema missouriensis Marsh, 1901
Marsh, 1901, Nautilus 15(7): 74.
Walker, 1915, Nautilus 28(12): 140, pl. 5, figs. 1-2.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE UMMZ_113527, Black River, Poplar Bluff, Butler Co., Missouri.
Pleurobema missouriensis — Marsh (1901)
Pleurobema (s.s.) missouriense — Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema missourense — Utterback (1915)
Quadrula (Obliquata) missouriensis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia subrotunda — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. magnalacustris Simpson, 1914
Simpson, 1914, Descr. Cat. Naiades: 884.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio coccineus Conrad, 1836; new name for Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. paupercula Simpson, 1900)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_133834, Niagara Riv., 3 mi above Falls.
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. magnalacustris — Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema coccineum paupercula — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea-magnalacustris — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea magnalacustris — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Obliquaria (Scalenaria) triangularis var. nigrescens Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 309.
Rafinesque, 1864, [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 53.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Obliquaria (Scalenaria) triangularis Rafinesque, 1820)
Obliquaria (Scalenaria) triangularis var. nigrescens — Rafinesque (1820)
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Unio solidus Lea, 1838
Lea, 1836, Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 20. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 13, pl. 5, fig. 13.
Unio solidus — Lea (1838), Hanley (1843), Küster (1862), Reeve (1865), B.H. Wright (1888)
Margarita (Unio) solidus — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Margaron (Unio) solidus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio obovalis — Conrad (1853)
Unio (Lampsilis) solidus — Adams & Adams (1857)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) solida — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) solidus — Call (1900)
Pleurobema obliquum catillus — Utterback (1915)
Pleurobema catillus — Utterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Pleurobema obliqua catillus — Ortmann (1918)
Pleurobema cordatum catillus — Ortmann (1925), Murray & Leonard (1962)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleurobema coccineum solida — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Morrison (1969), Oesch (1984), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Pleurobema cordatum — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
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Unio cardiacea Deshayes, 1839
‘Guérin’ Deshayes, 1839, Traité Élém. Conchyl.: 19, pl. 31, figs. 1-2.
(misidentified reference to Unio cardiacea Guérin-Méneville, 1823)
Unio cardiacea — Deshayes (1839)
Margaron (Unio) pyramidatus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) solida — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
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Unio gouldianus Jay, 1839
Ward in Jay, 1839, Cat. Rec. Shells: 24. [nomen nudum]
Unio gouldianus — Jay (1839)
Margaron (Unio) ebenus — Lea (1852)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) coccineus — Call (1900)
Quadrula (Fusconia) antrosa — Frierson (1927)
Fusconaia antrosa — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Unio fulgidus Lea, 1845
 Lea, 1845, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 164.
Lea, 1848, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 73 [47], pl. 4, fig. 10.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_84649, Alexandria, La.
Unio fulgidus — Lea (1845), Conrad (1853), B.H. Wright (1888)
Margaron (Unio) fulgidus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio (Lampsilis) fulgidus — Adams & Adams (1857)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) solida — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema catillus — Utterback (1915)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Unio obovalis Conrad, 1853
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 253.
(misidentified reference to Obovaria obovalis Rafinesque, 1820)
Unio obovalis — Conrad (1853)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) solida — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
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Unio mytiloides Lapham, 1860
‘Raf.’ Lapham, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 156.
(misidentified reference to Pleurobema mytiloides Rafinesque, 1820)
Unio mytiloides — Lapham (1860)
Pleurobema coccineum catillus — F.C. Baker (1928)
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Unio obliquus Lapham, 1860
‘Lamarck’ of Authors.
Lapham, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 156.
Baker, 1905, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 15: 256.
Ortmann, 1919, Mem. Carnegie Mus. 8(1): 73. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio obliqua Lamarck, 1819)
Unio obliquus — Lapham (1860)
Pleurobema coccineum solida — F.C. Baker (1928)
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Unio pyramidatus Call, 1885
Call, 1885, unknown publication: 46.
(misidentified reference to Unio pyramidatus Lea, 1831)
Unio pyramidatus — Call (1885)
Pleurobema coccineum catillus — F.C. Baker (1928)
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Unio catilus B.H. Wright, 1888
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
B.H. Wright, 1888, Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [2].
Ortmann, 1924, Amer. Midl. Nat. 9(1): 38.
(error for Unio catillus Conrad, 1836)
Unio catilus — B.H. Wright (1888)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
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Unio cuneus Call, 1895
Call, 1895, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 7: 14.
(reference to Unio cuneus Conrad, 1838)
Unio cuneus — Call (1895)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
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Quadrula kirtlandiana Simpson, 1900
‘Conrad’ Simpson, 1900, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 791. [in part]
‘Conrad’ Simpson, 1914, Descr. Cat. Naiades: 891. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio kirtlandianus Lea, 1834)
Quadrula kirtlandiana — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema coccineum — F.C. Baker (1928)
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Quadrula pyramidata Simpson, 1900
‘Lea’ Simpson, 1900, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 789. [in part]
Chadwick, 1906, unknown publication: 97.
‘Lea’ Simpson, 1914, Descr. Cat. Naiades: 889. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio pyramidatus Lea, 1831)
Quadrula pyramidata — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema coccineum solida — F.C. Baker (1928)
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Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. paupercula Simpson, 1900
Simpson, 1900, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 789.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio coccineus Conrad, 1836; homonym of Unio pauperculus Lea, 1861; renamed Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. magnalacustris Simpson, 1914)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. paupercula — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. magnalacustris — Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema coccineum paupercula — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea-magnalacustris — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea magnalacustris — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), IUCN (2012)
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Pleurobema missourense Utterback, 1915
‘Marsh’ Utterback, 1915, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4(5): 195.
(error for Pleurobema missouriensis Marsh, 1901)
Pleurobema missourense — Utterback (1915)
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Pleurobema coccineum var. mississippiensis F.C. Baker, 1928
F.C. Baker, 1928, Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 121, pl. 53, figs. 1-5.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio coccineus Conrad, 1836)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) INHS_82273, Lake Pepin, Wisconsin.
Pleurobema coccineum var. mississippiensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema coccineum mississippiensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema cordatum — R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
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Taxonomic History (since 1900)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) coccineus — Call (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) cuneus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) solida — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) solidus — Call (1900)
Quadrula kirtlandiana — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula pyramidata — Simpson (1900)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. paupercula — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema missouriensis — Marsh (1901)
Quadrula coccinea — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909)
Pleurobema obliqua var. coccinea — Ortmann (1910)
Pleurobema coccineum — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Turgeon et al. (1988), ..., Graf (2002), Graf & Cummings (2006), Hoeh et al. (2009), ITIS (2012)
Unio coccineus — de Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) coccinea var. magnalacustris — Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema (s.s.) missouriense — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula sintoxia — Vanatta (1915)
Pleurobema obliquum catillus — Utterback (1915)
Pleurobema catillus — Utterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Pleurobema obliquum coccineum — Utterback (1915)
Pleurobema missourense — Utterback (1915)
Pleurobema obliqua catillus — Ortmann (1918)
Pleurobema obliqua coccineum — Ortmann (1918)
Fusconaia subrotunda — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Pleurobema coccineum paupercula — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Pleurobema cordatum catillus — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Quadrula (Obliquata) catilla — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Quadrula (Fusconia) subrotunda — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea-cunea — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Fusconia) antrosa — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea-magnalacustris — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Obliquata) missouriensis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleurobema coccineum catillus — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema coccineum solida — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema coccineum var. mississippiensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema coccineum mississippiensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Pleurobema cordatum coccineum — Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Pleurobema sintoxia — Morrison (1969), Oesch (1984), Cummings & Mayer (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), ..., Porto-Hannes et al. (2021), FMCS (2021), Graf & Cummings (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea coccinea — Haas (1969)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea cunea — Haas (1969)
Fusconaia antrosa — Haas (1969)
Quadrula (Obliquata) coccinea magnalacustris — Haas (1969)
Obliquaria triangularis — Burch (1975)
Obliquaria sintoxia — Burch (1975)
Pleurobema cordatum — Burch (1975), Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Pleurobema cordatum f. coccineum — Mackie et al. (1980)
Pleurobema pyramidatum — Vidrine (1993)
Pleurobema (Sintoxia) sintoxia — Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Burlakova et al. (2012)
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Page updated: 08:53:26 Thu 01 Jun 2023 |
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