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Page last updated
Sun 06 Oct 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae

subfamily GONIDEINAE Ortmann, 1916: cladomics
     8 tribes, 6 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 200
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 14

analyzed in 247 cladograms in 148 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 72, mean = 10.55
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) in an analysis = 8, mean = 2.75

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 202
maximum number of included terminals = 72, mean = 12.68
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 8, mean = 3.14
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.77

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 145
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (subfamily).
maximum number of included terminals = 72, mean = 11.96
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 8, mean = 3.43
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.7


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 42 40 8 11 9 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

  +----------------- Ambleminae   
  |                               
  |        +-------- Parreysiinae 
  |  +-----+                      
--+  |     |  +----- Unioninae    
  |  |     +--+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainia **
  |  |        +--+                
  |  |           +-- Discomya **     
  +--+                            
     |        +----- Ctenodesmini ** 
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
     |  |     +--+                
     |  |        +-- Contradentini **
     +--+                         
        |        +-- Schepmaniini ** 
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Caudiculatus ** 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Potomida **     
              +--+                
                 +-- Gonideini **    

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 81 73 6 142 103 3 98.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Rectidentini **   
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Contradentini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Gonideini **      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Pseudodontini **  

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
72 72 61 6 40 40 1 86.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                              
--+           +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
72 72 57 6 46 41 1 84.0
  +----------- Parreysiinae             
  |                                     
  |        +-- Rectidentini **             
  |  +-----+                            
--+  |     +-- Contradentini **            
  |  |                                  
  |  |  +----- Pseudodontini **            
  |  |  |                               
  |  |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **    
  +--+  |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1 **
     |  |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **    
     |  |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Leguminaia **               
     +--+  |                            
        |  +-- Microcondylaea **           
        |  |                            
        |  +-- Gonidea **                  
        |  |                            
        |  +-- Ptychorhynchus **           
        |  |                            
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia **            
        |  |                            
        +--+-- Lamprotula_leaii **         
           |                            
           +-- Lamprotula **               
           |                            
           +-- Lamprotula_caveata **       
           |                            
           +-- Potomida **                 
           |                            
           +-- Pronodularia **             
           |                            
           +-- Sinohyriopsis **            
           |                            
           +-- Chamberlainia **            
           |                            
           +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2 **
           |                            
           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **    

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
68 68 68 5 14 14 1 79.0
  +----------- Parreysiinae 
  |                         
--+  +-------- Pseudodontini **
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Gonideini **    
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Contradentini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 125 70 6 142 103 3 139.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae      
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Chamberlainia **     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Megalonaias       
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Uniomerus         
  |  |                              
--+  +----------- Quadrulina        
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis **     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Lamprotulini **      
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Gonideini **         
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **     
  +--+                              
     +----------- Unioninae         
     |                              
     |        +-- Rectidentini **      
     +--------+                     
     |        +-- Contradentini **     
     |                              
     |  +-------- Amblema           
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Toxolasma         
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Pleurobemini      
     |  |                           
     |  |     +-- Obliquaria        
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Plectomerus       
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Ellipsaria        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Medionidus        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_alatus  
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Ptychobranchus    
        +--+                        
           +----- Truncilla         
           |                        
           +----- Venustaconcha     
           |                        
           +----- Cambarunio        
           |                        
           +----- Leaunio           
           |                        
           |  +-- Ortmanniana       
           +--+                     
              +-- Lampsilis         

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
55 123 123 6 141 102 3 137.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Rectidentini **   
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Contradentini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Ambleminae     
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini **      

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
51 87 42 6 74 74 3 104.0
  +----------------- Parreysiinae          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **         
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Rectidentini **          
  +--+  +--------+                         
     |  |        +-- Contradentini **         
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Unioninae             
        |  |                               
        |  |  +----- Ambleminae            
        |  |  |                            
        +--+  |  +-- Chamberlainia **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **    
           +--+  |                         
              |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii **      
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Potomida **              
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Pronodularia **          
              |  |                         
              +--+-- Gonidea **               
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia **            
                 |                         
                 +-- Microcondylaea **        
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
49 85 85 6 90 65 3 101.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+                 +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  +--------------+                  
  |  |              +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini **      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
49 137 123 6 90 65 3 148.0
                 +-------- Chamberlainia **   
                 |                         
  +--------------+  +----- Cumberlandia    
  |              |  |                      
  |              +--+  +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |                 |  |                   
  |                 +--+-- Pseudunio       
  |                    |                   
  |                    +-- Margaritifera   
  |                                        
  |                    +-- Hyriinae        
  |              +-----+                   
--+              |     +-- Velesunioninae  
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Aspathariinae   
  |              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
  |                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Etheria         
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **    

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 39 6 2 0 0 67.0
  +----------------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                                       
  |                    +-- Rectidentini **   
--+  +-----------------+                  
  |  |                 +-- Contradentini **  
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Inversidens **    
     |  |                                 
     |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  +--------------+                  
     +--+              +-- Lamprotulini **   
        |                                 
        |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
        |  |                              
        |  |        +----- Gonidea **        
        +--+  +-----+                     
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia **     
           |  |     +--+                  
           |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
           +--+                           
              |        +-- Koreosolenaia **  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Postolata **      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Obovalis **       

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 41 6 2 0 0 68.0
  +----------------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                                       
  |                    +-- Rectidentini **   
--+  +-----------------+                  
  |  |                 +-- Contradentini **  
  |  |                                    
  |  |              +----- Inversidens **    
  +--+  +-----------+                     
     |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |           +--+                  
     |  |              +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
        |  |                              
        |  |        +----- Gonidea **        
        +--+  +-----+                     
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia **     
           |  |     +--+                  
           |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
           +--+                           
              |        +-- Koreosolenaia **  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Postolata **      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Obovalis **       

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 1 0 0 0 67.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 67.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 38 1 0 0 0 66.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 50 39 3 14 12 1 70.0
  +-------- Pseudodontini **
--+                      
  |  +----- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Contradentini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 33 6 0 0 0 57.0
           +-- Contradentini **  
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Rectidentini **   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 6 0 0 0 57.0
           +-- Contradentini **  
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Rectidentini **   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 59 26 5 48 48 3 80.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae  
  |                             
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini ** 
--+  |                          
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini **  
  |  |  +-----+                 
  +--+  |     +-- Contradentini ** 
     |  |                       
     |  |  +----- Unioninae     
     |  |  |                    
     +--+  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Potomida **      
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Pronodularia **  
        +--+  |                 
           |  +-- Gonidea **       
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Leguminaia **    
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Microcondylaea **
           |  |                 
           +--+-- Amblemini     
              |                 
              +-- Ortmanniana   
              |                 
              +-- Lampsilis     
              |                 
              +-- Cambarunio    
              |                 
              +-- Elliptio      
              |                 
              +-- Pleurobema    
              |                 
              +-- Quadrulini    

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 8 2 0 0 35.0
              +-- Schepmaniini **   
  +-----------+                  
  |           +-- Pseudodontini **  
--+                              
  |  +----------- Gonideini **      
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ctenodesmini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Rectidentini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Contradentini **  

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 23 8 2 0 0 47.0
  +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__1 **
  |                                                        
  +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__2 **
  |                                                        
  |  +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **             
--+  |                                                     
  |  |                       +-- Ensidens **                  
  |  |                       |                             
  |  |                       +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **       
  |  |                       |                             
  +--+                       +-- Rectidens **                 
     |  +--------------------+                             
     |  |                    +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **         
     |  |                    |                             
     |  |                    +-- Ctenodesmini **              
     |  |                    |                             
     +--+                    +-- Contradentini **             
        |                                                  
        |  +-------------------- Inversidens **               
        |  |                                               
        |  |              +----- Lamprotula **                
        +--+  +-----------+                                
           |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **           
           |  |           +--+                             
           +--+              +-- Potomida **                  
              |                                            
              |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **              
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +----------- Gonidea **                   
                 |  |                                      
                 +--+----------- Microcondylaea **            
                    |                                      
                    |  +-------- Koreosolenaia **             
                    +--+                                   
                       |  +----- Parvasolenaia **             
                       +--+                                
                          |  +-- Postolata **                 
                          +--+                             
                             +-- Ptychorhynchus **            

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 8 2 0 0 53.0
  +----------------------------- Schepmaniini **       
  |                                                 
  |  +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **      
--+  |                                              
  |  |              +----------- Hyriopsis_bialata **  
  |  |              |                               
  |  |  +-----------+        +-- Rectidens **          
  +--+  |           |  +-----+                      
     |  |           |  |     +-- Ctenodesmini **       
     |  |           +--+                            
     |  |              |  +----- Ensidens **           
     |  |              +--+                         
     +--+                 |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **
        |                 +--+                      
        |                    +-- Contradentini **      
        |                                           
        |  +-------------------- Inversidens **        
        |  |                                        
        |  |              +----- Lamprotula **         
        +--+  +-----------+                         
           |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **    
           |  |           +--+                      
           +--+              +-- Potomida **           
              |                                     
              |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **       
              |  |                                  
              +--+           +-- Gonidea **            
                 |  +--------+                      
                 |  |        +-- Microcondylaea **     
                 +--+                               
                    |  +-------- Koreosolenaia **      
                    +--+                            
                       |  +----- Parvasolenaia **      
                       +--+                         
                          |  +-- Postolata **          
                          +--+                      
                             +-- Ptychorhynchus **     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 8 2 0 0 27.0
  +-------------------------- Chamberlainiini **
  |                                          
  |                    +----- Ctenodesmini **   
--+  +-----------------+                     
  |  |                 |  +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                 +--+                  
  |  |                    +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                                       
     |                    +-- Schepmaniini **   
     |  +-----------------+                  
     |  |                 +-- Pseudodontini **  
     |  |                                    
     +--+                 +-- Inversidens **    
        |  +--------------+                  
        |  |              +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Gonidea **        
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Parvasolenaia **  
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Koreosolenaia **  
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Postolata **      
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 8 2 0 0 27.0
  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  |                           
  |     +----- Ctenodesmini **   
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  |  +--+                  
  |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                        
     |     +-- Schepmaniini **   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 21 3 0 0 0 56.0
  +----- Pseudodontini **
--+                   
  |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Contradentini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 37 30 6 87 76 3 67.0
  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
--+  |                              
  |  |           +-- Lens **           
  |  |           |                  
  |  |           +-- Ensidens **       
  +--+           |                  
     |  +--------+-- Physunio **       
     |  |        |                  
     |  |        +-- Rectidens **      
     |  |        |                  
     +--+        +-- Yaukthwa **       
        |                           
        |  +-------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 66 63 6 45 35 2 86.0
  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                              
--+           +-- Contradentini **  
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Gonideini **      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Ambleminae     
           +--+                  
              +-- Unioninae      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 66 64 6 45 35 2 85.0
  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                              
--+           +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Gonideini **      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Ambleminae     
           +--+                  
              +-- Unioninae      

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 27 7 0 0 0 55.0
  +----------------- Chamberlainiini **
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Gonideini **      
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Contradentini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ctenodesmini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Rectidentini **   

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 3 0 0 0 54.0
  +----- Lamprotulini ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Contradentini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 35 33 6 62 45 3 60.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Rectidentini **   
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Contradentini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 35 33 6 62 45 3 60.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                 
  +--+              +-- Contradentini **  
     |  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini **      

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 8 4 2 1 22.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **   
     |  |                           
     |  |     +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+  +--+                     
        |  |  |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
        |  |  +--+                  
        +--+     +-- Pseudodontini **  
           |                        
           |  +----- Ctenodesmini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Rectidentini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Contradentini **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 37 32 6 53 41 3 68.0
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                          
  |  +----------------------- Unioninae      
--+  |                                       
  |  |              +-------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |  +-----------+                        
  +--+  |           |  +----- Lens **           
     |  |           +--+                     
     |  |              |  +-- Physunio **       
     |  |              +--+                  
     +--+                 +-- unionoid       
        |                                    
        |  +----------------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia **   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea **        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea ** 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia **     

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 22 3 0 0 0 53.0
  +-- Lamprotula **   
  |                
  +-- Leguminaia **   
  |                
--+-- Potomida **     
  |                
  +-- Gonidea **      
  |                
  +-- Pseudodontini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 49 42 4 26 24 1 72.0
     +----- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Contradentini **   
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **        

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 6 71 65 3 47.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 6 71 65 3 47.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Jeratthitkul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 51.0
  +-- Contradentini **
--+                
  +-- Rectidentini ** 

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 6 76 65 3 46.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 6 76 65 3 46.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 4 5 5 2 54.0
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae     
  |                                            
  |  +----------------------- Unioninae        
--+  |                                         
  |  |                 +----- Chamberlainia **    
  |  |  +--------------+                       
  +--+  |              |  +-- Sundadontina **     
     |  |              +--+                    
     |  |                 +-- Sinohyriopsis **    
     |  |                                      
     +--+              +----- Indopseudodontina **
        |  +-----------+                       
        |  |           |  +-- Pseudodon **        
        |  |           +--+                    
        |  |              +-- Pilsbryoconcha **   
        +--+                                   
           |              +-- Sinosolenaia **     
           |  +-----------+                    
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **     
           |  |                                
           +--+           +-- Ptychorhynchus **   
              |  +--------+                    
              |  |        +-- Parvasolenaia **    
              +--+                             
                 |  +-------- Inversidens **      
                 +--+                          
                    |  +----- Gonidea **          
                    +--+                       
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea **   
                       +--+                    
                          +-- Leguminaia **       

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 6 34 32 2 45.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 6 2 1 1 44.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
--+  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Contradentini **  
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 6 2 1 1 44.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
--+  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Contradentini **  
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 6 40 33 3 38.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Unioninae      
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Parreysiinae   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Gonideini **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudodontini **  

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 6 40 33 3 36.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +-----------+                  
--+           +-- Parreysiinae   
  |                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Rectidentini **   
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Contradentini **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Gonideini **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **   

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 6 32 29 2 43.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Contradentini **  
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Contradentini

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 4 0 0 0 50.0
  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
--+                        
  |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Pseudodontini **  

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 4 60 49 2 48.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 5 26 16 3 45.5
  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unioninae    
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Ambleminae   
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Rectidentini ** 
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Contradentini **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Gonideini **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Lamprotulini ** 

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 4 60 49 2 48.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 4 60 51 2 48.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 43 42 3 49.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **   

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 4 32 29 2 47.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 4 32 29 2 47.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 4 56 45 2 47.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 4 27 25 3 46.0
              +-- Parreysiinae   
  +-----------+                  
  |           +-- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **   

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 4 42 39 2 46.0
  +-------------- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 51.0
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Gonideini **   

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Contradentini

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 6 11 10 2 36.0
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Contradentini **  
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 13 3 33 31 1 54.0
  +-------------------- Unioninae                 
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Chamberlainiini **           
  |  |                                            
  |  |           +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **   
  +--+  +--------+                                
     |  |        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
     |  |        +--+                             
     |  |           +-- Ptychorhynchus **            
     +--+                                         
        |           +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **     
        |  +--------+                             
        |  |        +-- Lamprotulini **              
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_recognita **    
           |  |                                   
           +--+  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__2 **  
              |  |                                
              +--+  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__1 **  
                 |  |                             
                 +--+-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **     
                    |                             
                    +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__3 **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 40 39 3 30 28 1 79.0
     +-- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **      
--+                     
  |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unioninae      

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 7 2 0 0 0 45.0
  +-- Ctenodesmini **
--+               
  +-- Rectidentini **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 4 25 23 3 45.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
--+           +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Contradentini

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 34 32 4 23 22 2 69.0
                       +----- Prolasmidonta           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosulinae            
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii      

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 12 10 5 23 20 3 49.5
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae           
  |                                                        
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae              
  |  |                                                     
  +--+  +-------------------------- Ambleminae             
     |  |                                                  
     +--+  +----------------------- Chamberlainiini **        
        |  |                                               
        +--+                    +-- Gonideini **              
           |  +-----------------+                          
           |  |                 +-- Pseudodontini **          
           +--+                                            
              |  +----------------- Contradentini **          
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +-------------- Pronodularia **           
                 |  |                                      
                 +--+  +----------- Potomida **               
                    |  |                                   
                    +--+  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
                       |  |                                
                       +--+  +----- Lamprotula_caveata__2 **  
                          |  |                             
                          +--+  +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
                             |  |                          
                             +--+-- Gibbosulinae           
                                |                          
                                +-- Lamprotula_caveata__1 **  

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 4 41 39 2 45.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 47 37 2 48.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 4 30 30 2 47.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 21 11 1 44.5
  +-------- Parreysiinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudodontini **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Contradentini **

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Rectidentini

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 45.0
-- (Contradentini

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 30 27 2 47.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 42 36 3 44 42 2 75.0
  +-------- Quadrulini     
  |                        
  +-------- Pleurobemini   
  |                        
  |     +-- Amblemini      
--+-----+                  
  |     +-- Lampsilini     
  |                        
  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Gonideini **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Unioninae      

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 3 61 38 3 46.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Inversidens **    
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Obovalis **       

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 1 0 0 0 44.0
-- (Contradentini

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 42 34 2 46.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 9 8 3 61 38 3 47.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ambleminae     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 4 11 10 2 42.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Gonideini **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini **  

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 44.0
-- (Pseudodontina

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 39 33 2 46.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 4 11 10 2 42.0
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Gonideini **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini **  

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 35 25 2 46.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 3 61 38 3 46.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Inversidens **    
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Obovalis **       
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 24 24 2 46.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 25 21 1 49.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
  |                           
  |        +-- Obovalis **       
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Inversidens **    
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 3 21 20 2 47.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 26 22 1 51.0
  +-------- Unioninae      
--+                        
  |  +----- Gonideini **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Chamberlainiini **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 24 24 2 46.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 9 14 3 1 1 1 46.0
     +-- Pseudodontini **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Parreysiinae 
--+                   
  |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Contradentini **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 25 23 2 45.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 2 0 0 0 42.5
  +-- Contradentini **
--+                
  +-- Rectidentini ** 

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 2 0 0 0 45.0
  +----- Potomida **      
  |                    
--+  +-- Pronodularia **  
  |  |                 
  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Leguminaia **    
     |                 
     +-- Microcondylaea **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 34 31 2 45.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 26 23 2 45.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 10 10 2 46.0
  +-------------- Anodontini     
  |                              
--+           +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Unionini       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **      

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 16 13 2 45.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 12 10 3 5 5 2 49.0
        +-- Gonideini **      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                  
        +-- Unioninae      

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 6 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 45.0
-- (Rectidentini

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 14 13 2 45.0
  +-------- Ambleminae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Gonideini **      

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 0 2 30 26 2 43.0
  +----- Unioninae     
  |                    
  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
--+  |                 
  |  +-- Potomida **      
  |  |                 
  |  +-- Pronodularia **  
  +--+                 
     +-- Gonidea **       
     |                 
     +-- Leguminaia **    
     |                 
     +-- Microcondylaea **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 15 13 4 30 18 3 51.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
--+           +-- Pseudodontini **
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Contradentini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unioninae    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideini **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae   

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 42.0
-- (Rectidentini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 16 16 2 45.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 15 12 4 30 18 3 51.0
  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Contradentini **
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unioninae    
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Gonideini **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Ambleminae   

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 15 15 2 45.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 19 19 1 45.0
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 2 2 0 0 45.0
  +----- Chamberlainia **
--+                   
  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **
  +--+                
     +-- Lamprotulini ** 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 43.0
-- (Gonideini

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 8 8 2 43.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 20 14 2 44.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 9 8 3 41.0
  +----------- Parreysiinae
--+                        
  |  +-------- Ambleminae  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Unioninae   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Gonideini **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 8 8 2 43.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 15 13 2 43.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 13 13 1 43.0
  +-- Contradentini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 20 14 2 44.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **      

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 6 4 2 18 15 1 46.0
  +----------------- Anodontini             
  |                                         
  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  +--+                                   
--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
  |  |  +--+                                
  |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
  |  |     +--+                             
  |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
  +--+        +--+                          
     |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
     |                                      
     |        +----- Schistodesmus          
     |     +--+                             
     |     |  |  +-- Lanceolariini          
     |     |  +--+                          
     +-----+     +-- Acuticostini           
           |                                
           |  +----- Aculamprotula          
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia           
              +--+                          
                 +-- Nodularia              

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 9 6 2 44.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 12 10 3 14 8 2 48.0
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Contradentini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae   

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 30 7 3 43.0
        +-- Ambleminae  
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 16 3 30 28 2 59.0
  +-------------- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Sinosolenaia **   
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
           +--+                  
              +-- Ambleminae     

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 17 13 1 45.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Obovalis **       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Inversidens **    
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 8 8 1 45.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Obovalis **       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Inversidens **    
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 0 1 54 54 1 42.0
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 0 1 54 54 1 42.0
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 12 11 2 43.0
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 37 17 2 43.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 100 90 3 98 96 2 143.0
        +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Unioninae      
--+                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 0 1 57 57 1 42.0
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 18 13 2 43.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 0 1 54 54 1 42.0
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 23 17 3 42 20 3 59.0
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Contradentini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae   

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 30 7 3 43.0
        +-- Ambleminae  
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 9 9 1 44.0
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **   

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 25 19 3 43 21 3 59.0
  +-------- Pseudodontini **
  |                      
--+  +----- Parreysiinae 
  |  |                   
  |  +----- Contradentini **
  +--+                   
     +----- Unioninae    
     |                   
     |  +-- Gonideini **    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae   

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 7 3 30 28 2 58.0
  +----- Unioninae      
  |                     
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
--+  |                  
  |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |                  
  +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
     |                  
     +-- Sinosolenaia **   
     |                  
     +-- Ambleminae     

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 2 0 0 44.0
  +-- Gonideini **   
--+               
  +-- Lamprotulini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 18 13 2 43.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 18 16 3 43 21 3 52.0
  +----------- Unioninae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Contradentini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Ambleminae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudodontini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 37 17 2 43.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 100 101 3 98 96 2 143.0
  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
  |                        
--+-------- Unioninae      
  |                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **   

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 23 20 3 42 20 3 59.0
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Contradentini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae   

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 0 1 57 57 1 42.0
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 13 11 2 43.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 1 2 0 0 44.0
-- (Chamberlainiini

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 4 1 2 15 14 2 44.0
  +----------- Cristariina    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Velesunioninae 
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 6 6 2 42.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 40.0
-- (Rectidentini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 19 17 1 43.0
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae   

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 4 2 1 18 17 2 45.0
  +-------------------- Sinanodonta            
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Cristaria              
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Aculamprotula          
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Acuticostini           
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Nodularia              
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Cuneopsis              
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Ambleminae             
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Lamprotula_caveata **     

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 12 10 2 12 9 2 50.5
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea **      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unioninae    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae   

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 12 10 2 12 9 2 50.5
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea **      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unioninae    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae   

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 17 13 3 41.0
  +----------- Ambleminae     
  |                           
--+        +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Contradentini **  
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **   

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 7 6 1 43.0
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
--+        +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Obovalis **     
        +--+                
           +-- Lamprotulini ** 

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 43.0
  +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 5 5 2 42.0
  +-------- Unioninae   
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 7 6 2 42.0
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 10 8 3 12 9 2 49.0
  +-------------- Unioninae       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Lampsilini      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini    
           +--+                   
              +-- Margaritiferinae

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 5 5 2 43.0
  +-------------- Cristariina    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 10 7 2 --
  +-------- Unioninae   
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideini **   

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 5 5 2 --
  +-------- Ambleminae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **   

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 12 12 1 --
  +----- Unioninae      
--+                     
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 15 12 1 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **   

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 27 4 3 --
  +-------- Lamprotulini **
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae  
     +--+               
        +-- Parreysiinae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 34 8 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideini **    
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudodontini **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 4 4 2 --
  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  |                     
--+  +-- Cristariina    
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Lampsilini     
  +--+                  
     +-- Alasmidontina  
     |                  
     +-- Quadrulini     

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 13 7 3 --
-- (Lamprotulini

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 --
  +----- Unioninae      
  |                     
--+----- Ambleminae     
  |                     
  |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                  
     +-- Lamprotulini **   

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 9 0 2 7 7 1 45.0
  +----- Gonideini **   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 14 0 2 35 30 2 54.0
  +-------------- Quadrulina     
  |                              
  |        +----- Lamprotulini **   
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Unioninae      
     |                           
     |  +-------- Megalonaias    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pleurobemini   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Amblemini      
           +--+                  
              +-- Lampsilini     

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 9 0 1 13 7 3 47.0
  +-- Aculamprotula  
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula **     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida **       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
  |                  
  +-- Parreysiinae   
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini   

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 10 10 1 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **   

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 13 11 2 --
           +-- Anodontina 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia
  |                       
--+        +-- Gonideini **  
  |  +-----+              
  |  |     +-- Ambleminae 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Unionini   
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon  
        +--+              
           +-- Cristariina

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae     
  |                     
--+----- Unioninae      
  |                     
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 22 22 1 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 14 14 2 --
  +-------- Unioninae      
--+                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **   

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 5 0 2 4 3 1 43.0
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 4 2 --
  +-------- Unioninae   
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 15 0 2 23 23 3 54.0
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae  
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae     
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini    
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini **     
           |  |                                   
           |  |              +----- Eurynia       
           +--+  +-----------+                    
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio    
              |  |           +--+                 
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus
              +--+                                
                 |              +-- Amblemini     
                 |  +-----------+                 
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----------- Truncilla     
                    |  |                          
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis     
                       |  +-----+                 
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma    
                       +--+                       
                          |  +----- Ligumia       
                          +--+                    
                             |  +-- Obliquaria    
                             +--+                 
                                +-- Ortmanniana   

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 6 4 2 --
  +----- Unioninae   
  |                  
--+----- Ambleminae  
  |                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 6 4 2 --
  +----- Unioninae   
  |                  
--+----- Ambleminae  
  |                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 12 8 2 --
     +-- Gonideini **    
  +--+                
  |  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae   

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 5 4 2 --
  +-------- Quadrulini  
  |                     
--+     +-- Lamprotulini **
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini  
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae   

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 38 36 3 --
     +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 1 1 1 --
  +-- Unioninae      
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 22 22 1 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 1 1 1 --
  +-- Unioninae      
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 8 7 1 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 9 0 1 14 8 3 46.0
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula **             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida **               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotula          
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus  

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 14 11 2 --
  +----------- Unioninae   
  |                        
--+        +-- Lampsilini  
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Quadrulini  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Pleurobemini
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideini **   

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 17 15 2 --
  +-------- Ambleminae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **   

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 21 21 1 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 10 7 2 --
  +----------- Unioninae   
--+                        
  |  +-------- Lampsilini  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Quadrulini  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideini **   

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 5 4 2 --
  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Lampsilini  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Unioninae   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideini **   

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 38 36 3 --
     +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 8 8 2 --
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideini **   

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 30 2 --
  +----- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 1 --
  +-- Gonideini **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 9 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 15 13 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 20 1 --
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Ambleminae  

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 --
  +----------------------------- Gonideini **   
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia   
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------------------- Amblemini   
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------------------- Quadrulini  
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema  
           |  |                              
           +--+  +-------------- Eurynia     
              |  |                           
              |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias  
              +--+-----------+               
                 |           +-- Unioninae   
                 |                           
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana 
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-------- Glebula     
                    +--+                     
                       |  +----- Potamilus   
                       +--+                  
                          |  +-- Ligumia     
                          +--+               
                             +-- Toxolasma   

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 2 1 --
-- Lamprotula_leaii

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 --
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae  

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 14 1 --
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideini **    

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 --
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Ambleminae  

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 8 2 --
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Ambleminae  

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 11 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 --
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 --
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 103 102 2 --
  +----- Unioninae 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideini ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 7 2 --
  +----- Gonideini ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae 

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 --
-- Potomida_littoralis

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 8 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 18 15 2 --
  +-------- Gonideini **          
  |                            
  |     +-- Elliptio           
  |     |                      
  |     +-- Fusconaia          
  |     |                      
--+  +--+-- Amblemini          
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pleurobema         
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Unionini           
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Utterbackia        
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
     +--+                      
        +-- Megalonaias        
        |                      
        +-- Obliquaria         
        |                      
        +-- Theliderma         
        |                      
        +-- Quadrula           
        |                      
        +-- Uniomerus          

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 26 26 1 --
  +-- Gonideini ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 16 1 --
                 +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--------------+                  
  |              +-- Lepidodesmini  
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula  
  |  |                              
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini   
     |  +--------+                  
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Unio           
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Nodularia      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Schistodesmus  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis      

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
-- Potomida_littoralis

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 --
-- Gonidea_angulata

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 --
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae   

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 30 2 --
  +----- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 --
-- Potomida_littoralis

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 --
  +----- Sinanodonta    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 --
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae   

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 17 2 --
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini **          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini           

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 16 2 --
  +-- Gonideini ** 
  |             
--+-- Unioninae 
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 18 2 --
  +-------- Amblemini   
  |                     
  +-------- Pleurobemini
--+                     
  +-------- Lampsilini  
  |                     
  |  +----- Quadrulini  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae   

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 9 2 --
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 21 17 2 --
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini **          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula      
     |                      
     +-- Unio               

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 --
  +----- Gonideini ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae 
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 10 10 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 34 34 1 --
  +-- Gonideini ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 --
-- Potomida_littoralis

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 --
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideini ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae 

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 2 1 --
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae   

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 16 15 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 62 62 1 --
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae 

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 12 2 --
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 8 2 --
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae   

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 17 3 --
-- Gonidea_angulata

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 20 1 --
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Ambleminae  

Page updated: 10:13:02 Sun 06 Oct 2024

 
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